The Effects of Ghorbat Quarter Destruction on the Social Capital of Residents of Khaksefid

In this article the effects of destruction of abnormal quarter of "Ghorbat" on social capital among residents of Khaksefid will be surveyed with due regard to the existing theories about the social capital (theories such as Coleman’s, Burdieu’s, Fukuyama’s, Putnam’s, Woolcock’s, Narayan’s and so on), related concepts of the suburbanization and characteristics of suburbanization quarters. Ghorbat was the name of an area which was formed after the revolution in 1979 parallel to the expanding of khaksefid which was due to the lack of plan and supervision on urban constructions. The primary residents who were the gipsy settled in this area after the unauthorized constructions in Khaksefid, expanded quickly and turned the Ghorbat to a center of deviation, especially in case of narcotic substances. In order to obtain this goal (measurement of social capital), three indicators consisting social confidence, social correlation, and social participation have been chosen as main indicators of social capital for measuring the amount in past (before demolition of Ghorbat quarter) and present time. This research is of descriptive-analytic type that has been done by survey method and the data gathered by a questionnaire coined by researcher. The amount of social capital in the past and the present time has been measured by a quasi-panel design plan. The statistical population included of all the old residents of Khaksefid (higher than 25 years old) who had lived at least 10 years in this quarter. Sample size consists of 380 persons chosen by stratified size appropriate random sampling such that Khaksefid quarter was divided to three supposed areas (according to the distance of residence to the demolished area): a) Residents up to 300 meters distance. b) Residents between 300-600 meters. c) Residents further than 600 meters from the demolished area d) The questionnaires have been filled in accordance with number of each supposed area. e) Also the hypotheses of research have been considered by T test, Variance and correlation confident. f). The research showed that the amount of social capital of Residents of khaksefid was stronger in kinship level than neighborhood, ethnic and local level. Also it was stronger among women than men, among elders than youngsters and among the less-educated than the high or well educated ones. The Results obtained from this research showed that, regarding the past (before demolition of Ghorbat quarter), the social capital among residents of Khaksefid has been decreased and the more the distance of residents form demolished area, the less decrease in social capital occurred. It means that the demolition of this area has more effects on the residents who have lived near this area and their social capital has been decreased more.