Desmoglein ELISA in the Diagnosis of Pemphigus and Its Correlation with the Severity of Pemphigus Vulgaris

Anti-desmoglein 3 and 1 autoantibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of pemphigus diseases. Our objective was to assess the value of ELISA in the diagnosis of pemphigus and its correlation with the severity of pemphigus vulgaris. Based on clinical presentation and histopathologic confirmation for the diagnosis of the pemphigus, 38 patients took part in the study. Sera of the patients were tested by desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3 ELISA. Also, direct immunofluorescence was performed for all patients which revealed positive results in 36 patients (94.7%). ELISA was positive in 37 of 38 pemphigus patients (Sensitivity: 97.3%). The relationship between desmoglein 1 index values and skin severity was statistically significant (p<0.05). Desmoglein 3 index values increased with oral severity although this was not statistically significant. Iranian patients similar to Indian patients had higher positive anti-desmoglein 1 autoantibodies. Desmoglein-ELISA test is appropriate in the diagnosis of pemphigus. Desmoglein 1 index value is statistically correlated with the severity of pemphigus vulgaris.