Rhetorical Images in the Poems of Amaq Bokharaei

Shahab Addin `Am`aq Bokharayi (542-440 Hegira, A.H) is one of the poets of 5th and 6th Hegira century who was the chief of the poets in the Court of Khezr Khan, one of the kings of Ilk Khan. Not many poems has been left by him, but one can figure out his poetic capability and skill in utilizing simile and metaphor and inventions of live and dynamic images from among those a few poems left.The most drastic changes were in language eloquence and the least in language syntax through the evolution of Persian poems and emergence of modern poetic styles. Among elements of eloquence, simile, which has been known as the essence of literature from the view point of ancient Greek and Iranian scientists and is also the substructure of the instruments of eloquence such as metaphor and allegory, has undergone drastic changes more than others. Changes such as emergence of new ideas and ideologies, development in science and political, social and religious changes occurring in the real world and living environment of a poet affect his way of thinking hence cause a change in literary level of a poem.Examination of figures of speech in the poems of `Am’aq reveals that he is interested in simile more than other figures of speech and sensory similes more than other kinds of similes. However, the increasing and upsward use of rational similes is considerable in his poems. Am’aq’s second best interest is in metaphor, specially metaphor of mosarraheye mojarrade, metaphorical documents have been among the most important poetic instruments used by Ama’agh that made his poems dynamic and energetic. Among different kinds of irony, the frequency of verb irony is more tangible than others. He has also used majaze morsal but not in a prominent and distinctive way. `Am’aq chooses in his imagination figures from among religious and aristocratic elements; therefore, we can see some kind of sanctity, luxury, and scintillation in his images. There is a complete consistency and agreement between poetic images of `Am’aq and elements and components of his poems.