Bone marrow stromal cells and their application in neural ‎injuries

This article reviews experimental and clinical studies in which neural injuries ‎repaired with bone marrow stromal cells. History: Bone marrow contains two kinds of stem cells: hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic ‎‎(stromal) stem cell. In vitro studies indicate that bone marrow stromal cells have the capacity of ‎differentiation into other cells (such as neural cell) under treatment with inducing agents. On the ‎other hand, in vivo studies have shown that after transplantation of this cells into damaged neural ‎tissues, engraft to host tissue, differentiat to neural cell and improves neurological and motor ‎function. In addition to direct injection, other noninvasive methods such as intravenous, ‎intraventricular and lumbar puncture use for bone marrow stromal cell transplantation. Bone marrow stromal cells are suitable source for the treatment of neural injuries ‎because of easily available, immunological inert after transplantation, rapid expansion in culture, ‎gene expression of neural cells and engraftment to host neural tissue. ‎