Surface Modification of Titanium Dental Implants Due to Chemical Method By a Mixed Solution of Three Acids

The aim of this study was surface modification of titanium by a mixed solution of three acids and to see if the roughness created and morphology changes of the titanium surfaces after various exposure times in acid solution could be associated with the biological performance. In this experimental study, the surface topography, chemistry and biocompatibility of polished titanium surfaces treated with mixed solution of three acids containing 80%HCl-10%HF and 10%H3PO4 dealing with the acid solution condition time were studied. Fifty-four experimental cases and nine controls were considered. Osteoblast cell line (MG-63) was cultured on titanium surfaces. Also, in order to investigate titanium surfaces, SEM, AFM analyses were carried out. The data were analysed by t-test and One-Way ANOVA. The results revealed that time variation in the aforementioned mixed solution of three acids, had a significant effect on the morphology and surface roughness. In addition, by conducting some changes in immersion time of the mixed solution acid with aforementioned composition, it was derived that time increments up to 120 seconds caused an increase in surface roughness even though in upper periods of time the trend was not regular, as the highest values of R.M.S and Ra were reached after 210 seconds. Biological evaluation results demonstrated that morghology and surface roughness had a significant effect on biocompatibility and osseointegration of titanium. The treatment of titanium by a mixed solution of three acids is an easy and low-cost method for providing the porous titanium surface with bioactive properties for the bone-bonding ability in bio-medical applications.