Effect of Chemical and Mechanical Titanium Surface Treatment on fibroblast attachment and viability

Cell-titanium interactions are crucial to the clinical success of bone and dental implants. Mechanical or chemical surface treatment can help the cell attachment to implant surface. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two distinct surface treatment(sandblasted and acid-etched) on fibroblasts cell attachment and viability. In this experimental study the fibroblasts behavior was analyzed on three different titanium surfaces: sand blasted(SB), Acid-Etched (AE)and pure commercial titanium(PCT), in three groups,(N=10). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed distinct microtopographies. Cell morphology and initial attachment were evaluated by SEM. Cell viability was measured by means of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The number of viable cell counts were compared using one way ANOVA Test. SEM observation revealed drastic differences in surface microtopography, with a higher cell density on (SB)than (AE)and(PCT). Cell attachment were much better in the sand-blasted group than others. Cell viability recorded by the sand-blasted group(1.28±0.58) was significantly better than acid-ethed (0.95±0.23) and pure commercial titanium(1.67±0.17).(P < 0.05) Implant surface treatments influence the attachment and viability of fibroblasts(L-929), and sand-blasted treatment seems to be the most favorable surface to compare with acid-etched and and pure commercial titanium surface.