The Evaluation of Some Moral Issues(concepts) The Comparison between Two Books, Tahzib al - Akhlaq and Jami al- Saaadat

The present paper aims at comparing the contents of two important ethical books, "Tahzib al-Akhlaq wa Taṭhir al-Arāq" by Abu Ali Miskawayh, and " Jami al- Saādāt" by Mullā Mohammad Mahdi Narāqi, on some basic issues(concepts) in ethics including the interpretation of happiness and welfare. The explanation of the meaning of happiness is totally dependent on the kind of outlook on man and the world. As ethicists have always emphasized and recommended the principle of self-examination and selfcontrol as the constituent elements of the process of education, the important thing in this respect is that self-examination and self-regulation should be systematic and negligence should be avoided. In evaluating the important and proposed methods this regard, it can be said that Greek theosophers, and following them, Abu 'Ali Miskawayh have used external tools such as friends and foes to examine the self, but most Muslim ethicists including Muhaqqiq Narāqi believe that the direct reference to self is the most useful and influential method to examine the self and there is no need for the help of friends, foes or others. As for the issue of the prevention and treatment of moral illnesses which have occupied large parts of these two valuable books, the general methods to prevent the mental illnesses have been discussed and the practical aspect of prevention – that is, attempting to do moral acts, practicing, and conditioning the self to do those actions which are appropriate to moral virtues or doing those actions which are contrary to a moral vice - has been recommended while scientific methods to eliminate the moral illnesses are provided.