Razi's self-knowledge theory in spiritual medicine and its place in his system of ethics

Self-knowledge is regarded as a fundamental element in ethical systems. Psychological direction and healthiness-based state of Razi`s system of morality have led him to use self-knowledge to recognize his own psychical failures. According to Razi, awareness of one`s own psychical failures is the first step for preventing and opposing the failures. Razi, in this way, avoids to speak of self-examination; rather he speaks of relying on other`s psychical states as mirrors to decide one`s own psychical failures. Such an approach makes it necessary to learn some techniques for accepting critique. The paper, analyzing Razi`s theory and comparing it with the traditional sources, has studied it critically.