Culture in the Works of Bābā Afzal Maraghi Kāshāni

The Persian Pahlavi term "Farhang" for the world culture has a thousand-year history behind it. The term has been used with different meanings including morality, education, intelligence, wisdom, knowledge, virture, insight, jurisprudence, magnificence, and so on. Bābā Afzal Mohammad Maraghi Kāshāni, a great Iranian Scholar, has discussed the term in many of his works and has related it to the condition of his time. He has discussed culture as a value-oriented dynamic concept in the constant "becomings" of his time. These becomings are linked with wisdom and knowledge. This is discussed in the light of the modern philosophical study of culture in the present work.