The Individual Unity of Being, a Proof for the Existence of God (An Analysis of Qomsheʾī's Proof and Jelve's Criticisms of it)

The issue of the individual unity of being is among the issues in the field of theoretical mysticism which all of the Muslim mystics have agreed upon. As such, some of them have attempted to base this theory on proof, among whom is Muḥammad Riḍā Qomsheʾī. Qomsheʾī’s proof has been accepted by some philosophers and criticized by others, among whom is Ḥakīm Jelve who was contemporaneous with Qomsheʾī. This article undertakes the investigation and critique of Qomsheʾī’s proof, showing that Ḥakīm Jelve’s critiques of it are not applicable, although the proof itself is not complete because of confusion between the concept and extension of being.