A Study of the Concept of Hukm (Judgement) in Political Fiqh

"Hukm" literally means firmness, accuracy and impenetrability, but the synonym of hukm given in many lexicons, as we will then refer, is its implications, not its meaning. In fiqh and Usool (principles of Islam), hukm refers to shari discourse and its consequence (such as obligation and prohibition), fatwa (verdict), judicial judgement, and guardina's and governmental commands. In Arabic, the word hokuma [government] and the word hukm [judgement] are cognate. In fiqh, it means arsh (indemnity) and in Usool it is used to mean the control of an argument over another argument in expansion and contraction, which is the very conventional government and conventional accomplishment to which Mohaqiq Khorasani refers in his theology. This word is also used in politics to mean a governing body. Wilayat (guardianship) literally means the way two or more things are arranged having no interaagent. This sort of state implies nearness. In fiqh, this word is referred to as supervision which is similar to guardianship. Judegment is of various kinds. The most common kind of it is the governmental judgement of the guardian jurist (a judgement which is issued by a guardian and government with the aim of managing social affairs on the basis of interest and necessity). The other kind is judicial judgement, (application of laws and postulates to their cases and means according to the judge's view) and a primary and secondary judgement (inherent and non-inherent judgement of any subject).