Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Persian oak (Quercus macranthera) and oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis) on various land forms in Andabil forest, Khalkhal region

In order to study the quantitative and qualitative traits of Persian oak (Quercus macranthera F&M.) and oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis Mill.) one of the most important habitats of these two species in Khalkhal was selected. For this purpose, 48 sample plots, each 500 m, were established in three land forms (ridge, valley and slope) in four aspects (north, south, east and west) from lower to higher distribution areas. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of individual trees were measured and recorded within the sample plots. The results showed that the distribution range of the two studied species varied from 1940 to 2540 m.a.s.l. In general, slopes and valleys with north-facing slopes are suitable sites to these species. The tallest Persian oak and oriental hornbeam trees were observed on north-facing valleys (3.65m) and (2.62m), respectively. The greatest trunk length of oak and hornbeam were measured both in slope land form, with 3.35m and 1.68m, respectively. The highest frequency of vegetative coppice regeneration was in north-facing slopes. Trees (Persian oak and oriental hornbeam) with highest quality were located in north-facing slopes.