Failure of Amanullah Khan's Reforms and Formation of Bacheh-Saqqa's Government in Afghanistan

Amanullah Khan’s government (1919-1929 AD) is considered as one of the turning points of history of Afghanistan, because he brought about radical changes in political, economical and social-cultural structure in Afghanistan. Amongst his most important long lasting efforts was securing Afghanistan’s full independence and protection of its borders after the World War II by the support of England and Soviet Union Governments. After developing political, economic and cultural relations and opening Afghanistan’s gates to the modern culture, civilization and ideas, in order to protect his monarchy, he embarked on reformations in the government’s structure. Simultaneity of his government with those of Reza Shah in Iran and Ataturk in Turkey, both did similar measures, to protect their kingdoms, encouraged him to put into effect the intended reformations in political, social, economic fields. But these reformations amongst different strata of Afghan society of the time had reversed effect which ultimately led to Amanullah Khan’s fall and seizing power by a person from a very low political, economic and social standing. The main question of this research is whether Amanullah Khan’s fall and Bacheh-Saqqa’s coming to power was due to failure of Amanullah Khan’s reforms or Bacheh- Saqqa’s political-military power. The research main hypothesis is that failure of AmanullahKhan’s reforms led to his fall and seizing power by Bacheh-Saqqa. To find out this, with a sociological approach and by profiting from Chalmers Johnson’s Theories. Results of the present research suggest that failure of Amanullah Khan’s reforms and ruling of new social values and norms led to Amanullah Khan’s fall and seizing power by Bacheh Saqqa.