Phase orbital maneuvers with the goal of rendezvous are a series of orbital adjustments made by a spacecraft to align its orbit with another object, such as another spacecraft or space station. These maneuvers usually involve adjusting the speed and trajectory of the spacecraft to gradually decrease the distance and match the target orbit at a certain time. If the orbital phase adjustment is without regard to specific time (non-orbital rendezvous), the problem is greatly simplified, but in the case of specific time (phase change in a specific period of time), the problem becomes complicated and can be analyzed by two objectives including, fuel consumption and elapsed time. In this research, the influence of the location of performing the phase change maneuver in a circular orbit has been investigated by various true anomalies. Based on the results, from 0 to 10 degree true anomaly, the duration of the maneuver increases with a very large slope, and after that, the duration of the maneuver decreases until the anomaly of 270 degrees.

Khoshoumi Anomaly 6 is a significant uranium deposit located in the Bafq-Saghand metallogenic belt within the Central Iran zone. The gneiss serves as the primary host for uranium mineralization in block 1 of Khoshoumi Anomaly 6. Field emission electron microscopy studies have identified two stages of uranium mineralization within the area: primary mineralization (hypogene) and uranyl silicate (supergene). Primary uranium minerals found in the hypogene zone include uraninite, with minor amounts of thorouraninite, brannerite, and uranothorite. Uranyl silicate mineralization is observed along fractures in the form of boltwoodite and soddyite. Over time, boltwoodite undergoes alteration into sodium-boltwoodite and uranophane. Field evidence and mineralogical studies suggest that meteoric fluids, with a neutral to alkaline pH and low temperature, played a role in leaching uranium, silicon, potassium, sodium, and calcium from the gneiss. These elements were then deposited along fractures as uranyl silicate minerals, accompanied by calcite, clay, and chlorite. The presence of calcite alongside uranyl silicates indicates the transport of uranium in the form of uranyl carbonate complexes within the fluid.

A manganese deposit is located 45 km the northeast of Ardakan within the Yazd Block of Central Iran. The regional lithology comprises Jurassic shales, sandstones with limestone interbeds, and Cretaceous limestones. The units are juxtaposed Cambrian formations along a fault contact. Fault activity has placed the manganese deposits adjacent to Quaternary units. The main manganese minerals include pyrolusite, manganosite, and cryptomelane. Accessory phases consist of calcite, quartz, minor illite (muscovite), hematite, and goethite. High Si/Al and Mn/Fe ratios and geochemical discrimination diagrams suggest a hydrothermal origin with subsequent supergene enrichment. Low TiO2 and Al2O3 contents imply minimal clastic input during manganese deposition. Elevated U/Th ratios indicate rapid mineral precipitation under hydrothermal conditions. The presence of goethite, limonite, and amounts of Na and Mg contents suggest the influence of supergene processes. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns exhibit relative enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs) with variable Ce and Eu anomalies (negative to positive). This pattern supports a hydrothermal genesis. Excluding the weathered sample, the Post-Archean Australian Shale (PASS)-normalized REE pattern displays LREE depletion, heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) enrichment, and a distinct positive Eu anomaly. This pattern, when compared to REE distributions in various hydrothermal fluids and seawater, indicates the mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater under oxidizing conditions. Notably, the absence of exposed igneous rocks near the deposit suggests a distant source for the hydrothermal fluids.

The studied area is located in the south of Zanjan province, southwest of Qeidar and in Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic arc. The igneous rocks of the southwestern region of Qeidar include volcanic rocks (basanite, analcime bearing basalt, basalt, trachybasalt, and trachydacite) and pyroclastic rocks (volcanic breccia and agglomerate). In the mentioned rocks, the analcime bearing basaltic rocks have a larger volume in the region. The main minerals are plagioclase, analcime and clinopyroxene, along with some secondary minerals, including opaque minerals. According to the microprobe results, pyroxenes are of diopside type and plagioclase is of anorthite-rich type. The main texture of these rocks is porphyritic texture. In the studied area, there are dykes with porphyry texture containing very coarse euhedral pyroxene crystals that they have cut Cretaceous units and Eocene volcanic rocks. Based on chemical data, the lava flows have nearly alkaline affinity. The basalt spider diagram has positive anomalies for elements such as Cs, Ba and Pb and negative anomalies for elements such as Nb and Ti. The tectonic environment of the studied volcanic rocks is active continental margin, and their magma has been originated from the metasomatized mantle wedge with fluids released from the subducting plate, and during ascent they have suffered a little crustal contamination.

The primary objective of this research is to comprehensively investigate fluoride concentration in the Maku-Bazargan-Poldasht area, located in the north of West Azerbaijan province. In October 2021, 60 samples were collected from various water resources in the region. The fluoride concentration ranged from 0.39 to 9.89 mg/L, with more than 50% of the samples exceeding the World Health Organization's standard. This study investigated into the correlation between fluoride and other elements, assessed various processes influencing fluoride levels, investigated its effects on humans and plants, and utilized multivariate statistical techniques to determine contributing processes and factors. Moreover, it examined fluoride concentration fluctuations over the past 15 years across different water resources (Deep wells, Shalow well, Springs, Qanats, and Surface water) for the first time. The assessment of fluoride included multiple dimensions related to this element. Comparing fluoride levels across various water sources revealed that Deep wells exhibited the highest fluoride concentrations due to the long residence time of water within the aquifer matrix. This study also highlighted, for the first time, the correlation between high fluoride concentrations and plant diseases such as necrosis and chlorosis in specific parts of the study area. Bivariate plots indicated that processes involving carbonate dissolution and ion exchange contributed to increased fluoride and carbonate concentrations in the area. Furthermore, an analysis of changes in fluoride concentration in 12 sampling stations indicated an eightfold average increase in anomaly intensity over the past 15 years in these stations. Employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA), the research identified three groups and three factors, confirming that fluoride anomalies are natural, while nitrate anomalies originate from human activities within the study area.

The Yeilaq Samanloo area is located 19 km southwest of Meshginshahr and 22 km west of Sablan in the West Alborz-Azarbaijan structural zone. Cenozoic igneous-pyroclastic rocks cover more than 95% of the area. The Eocene units are mainly composed of volcanic rocks, including andesite, trachy-andesite to trachy-basalt, tuff and shale layers. A granitoid intrusive body (granodiorite, monzonite, quartz monzonite) with Upper Oligocene age intruded the Eocene volcanic rocks and produced chlorite and epidote alteration in them, especially in the contact zone. A number of silica veins containing pyrite and chalcopyrite cross-cut both the granodiorite body and Eocene volcanic rocks, which host gold and copper mineralization. The youngest unit includes Sablan lavas of trachy-andesite, basaltic andesite and andesite with Quaternary age, which have flowed unconformably on the Eocene volcanic rocks.

In this research, 65 samples were taken from stream sediments for geochemical studies. In order to check the anomalies revealed from stream sediment studies, 30 rock samples were taken for lithogeochemical studies and 10 petrological samples from the igneous rocks and were analyzed by XRF and ICP-MS (petrological samples), ICP-OES (geochemical samples of stream sediments) and Fire Assay (for gold) at  Zarazma lab.

Based on the petrological diagrams, the volcanic rocks of the region mainly have andesitic to andesi-basaltic composition, high potassium calc-alkaline and shoshonitic nature, and meta-aluminous to per-aluminous affinity. The tectonic setting of these rocks is an active continental margin, and their trace and RE elements pattern is similar to the subduction-related rocks. Remote sensing and field studies show that the distribution of various alteration zones is not extensive. The chlorite-epidote (propylitic) alteration zone is the most widespread zone, mainly observed in the northeast and southeast of the area. Argillic and sericitic alterations are present in the central and southwestern parts, and the distribution of alunite-pyrophyllite alteration is scattered and very limited. Stream-sediment geochemical studies and lithogeochemical investigations upstream the observed anomalies led to the introduction of several Cu-Ag and precious and base metal mineralization areas for the first time in this region. Coincidence of geochemical anomalies with alteration zones shows that Cu anomalies are mostly associated with argillic and sericitic. The association of Au with argillic and sericitic alteration zones in the south of the area is noteworthy. But Ag mineralization is associated only with propylitic and to some extent, argillic alteration. Microscopic studies of rock samples showed that the Cu-Ag mineralization in the Samanloo area is stratabound, being associated with andesitic units of the Upper Eocene and includes pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, malachite, azurite, chalcocite, native copper and to a lesser extent, covellite, which occur as disseminations, open space fillings and replacements, especially within the mega-porphyritic andesite unit. In the rock samples of this area, the highest anomalies of elements are: Cu (67800 ppm), Ag (18 ppm) and Au (1088 ppb). Based on the obtained statistical correlations, the anomalous elements were divided into three groups: (1) Cu-Ag, (2) As-Sb-S-Au and (3) Pb-Zn-Fe, which are attributed to three genetic-lithologic groups. The first group is related to the granitoid body, especially the halo around it. The second group is directly related to pyroclastic units and Eocene lavas, especially mega-porphyritic andesites and chlorite-argillic alteration zone within it. The third group can be attributed to the silicic veins/veinlets of the Neogene tectono-magmatic activities and the infiltration of hydrothermal fluids into fractures; Au displays more considerable anomaly among the elements of this group.

Based on the characteristics of mineralization, including host rocks, stratabound nature, mineralogy, metal content and alteration, it can be concluded that the mineralization at Yeilagh Samanloo area is of Manto-type copper deposits. According to the structure, texture and mineralogy of the mega-porphyritic andesite unit, two phases can be considered for the hypogene mineralization at the Samanloo area: primary diagenetic stage and burial stage. Early diagenetic processes led to the formation of pyrite within the porphyritic andesite unit, which is the host of mineralization, and as a result, reducing conditions have appeared in this unit. In the next stage, under the influence of the burial process, oxidant saline fluids have migrated and washed Cu from the underlying Cu-rich volcanic units (trachy-andesite, tuff with shale layers) and deposited it in the reducing mega-porphyritic andesites.

Knee pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints in children and adolescents. There are relatively wide differential diagnoses for knee monoarthritis in children. One of the causes of knee pain and swelling is the discoid meniscus which as the most common congenital anomaly of the knee, can have a wide range of symptoms such as pain, swelling, limited range of motion, and mechanical symptoms including clicking, snapping, popping, and locking of the knee. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately understand this disease and distinguish it from other diseases that show these symptoms. The purpose of this study is to introduce a disease with chronic knee pain and swelling with the diagnosis of discoid meniscus to show that a strong clinical view is necessary to be able to diagnose this disease in children, especially in cases that occur at a younger age.

The patient is a 6-year-old girl who presented with pain, swelling, and limited range of motion in the left knee since 4 years ago, and during this period, she was treated with the diagnosis of Juvenile Rheumatoid arthritis(JRA). Due to the lack of response to treatment and after more examination and consultation with the knee surgeon, the discoid meniscus was diagnosed as her real disease discoid meniscus was diagnosed as his real disease. The patient underwent arthroscopic saucerization and lateral meniscus repair.

According to this study, discoid meniscus should be considered as an important, rare differential diagnosis in children presenting with knee pain and swelling.

The Cenozoic Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc has characteristics similar to those of Andean-type magmatic arcs. Various types of magmatism occurred in this arc including calc-alkaline and K-rich calc-alkaline magmatism and less of them alkaline magmatism (Shahabpour, 1982). Kerman porphyry copper belt (KPCB) in the southern part of this arc includes two types of granitoids: (1) Jebal Barez-type (late Eocene–early Miocene) associated with minor Cu-mineralization, and (2) Kuh Panj-type (middle Miocene–Pliocene), which is associated with major porphyry copper deposits (Mirzababaei et al., 2016). Kuh-kapout porphyry deposit (Eocene) in the southern part of KPCB is affected by Jebal Barez type granitoids. This deposit has been studied to determine the genesis of magmatism, mineralization and tectonic setting, by the whole rock geochemistry of quartz diorite intrusions, this evaluation is based on trace and REEs geochemistry data.

Regional Geology:

This area is located in the southern part of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic belt and in the Kerman porphyry copper belt. Arc-related magmatism events in this region include Paleocene to Oligocene magmatism and including andesite- dacite volcanic-sedimentary rocks with porphyry texture and quartz diorite intrusions with porphyry texture. In these rocks on the surface, there are intermediate argillic alteration events, and with increasing depth, quartz-sericite-pyrite zone and then potassic and alkali (potassium)-feldspar-sericite-chlorite-anhydrite zone are observed. Quartz diorite rocks include plagioclase and hornblende crystals (about 30 to 40 percent), biotite (10 to 15 percent), and potassium feldspar and quartz. Potassic alteration zone in depth is recognized by hydrothermal biotite, K-feldspar, magnetite and anhydrite. Mineralization in quartz diorite intrusions is more in the form of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and magnetite in association with the potassic alteration zone. Andesite-dacite volcanic-sedimentary rocks and quartz diorite rocks intruded by post-mineralized and barren micro diorite intrusion.

The samples were selected based on field observations and changes in mineralization-alteration rates from the weak alteration section of the quartz-sericite zone. For analyzing trace and rare earth elements, Samples were analyzed by the multi-acid method and used the Microwave Digest. Many of handpick and drill core samples were prepared to form thin sections for microscopic studies

Alteration and mineralization:

In this area, different types of hydrothermal alteration events including potassic, phyllic, propylitic, argillic and K-feldspar- chlorite- sericite, occurred that was influenced by fractures and faults. Quartz diorite intrusive rocks shows intense potassic and phyllic alteration zone, the main type of hydrothermal alteration zone is potassic and contains quartz ± chalcopyrite ± pyrite ± magnetite as mineralized veins and scattered event of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and magnetite. The phyllic alteration zone includes pyrite, which increases with depth. In the quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration zone, abundant chlorite and plagioclase are observed in the groundmass along with the occurrence of pyrite and anhydrite, and Cu mineralization in the form of scattered chalcopyrite.

Whole rock chemistry:

In this study, it seems that due to the presence of phases such as garnet and hornblende in the magma in the origin, a fractionation between HFSEs and LILEs has occurred (Green, 2006). Remaining of HFSEs and HREEs in the origin lead to low amounts of these elements in the resulting magma. The occurrence of negative anomalies in these elements, on the other hand, can be due to crustal contamination with mantle magmatism during their ascent to the surface. Anomaly in trace elements and ratios of REEs and trace elements, emphasizes that magmatism originated from the volcanic arc and subsequent events, according to the Th/Nb-Ba/Th diagrams and the La/Sm-Sm/Yb diagram, including the presence of lower crustal contamination and the significant role of fluid in the production of metasomatized magmatism. According to the studies on data normalized to the primary mantle, a depletion in Ba and Nb values and an enrichment in Rb and Cs have occurred.

Studying trace and rare earth elements in porphyry copper deposits is useful for determining the mineralization and fertility of magmatism, tectonomagmatism-setting, crustal contamination, and mantle metasomatism. Th-Co diagram (Hastie et al., 2007) and Th/Yb-Ta/Yb diagram (Hastie et al., 2007) indicate that most of the samples in this study area were plotted in the calc-alkaline magma region of the diagrams. Using the Sm/Yb versus La/Sm diagram (Aldanmaz et al., 2000) in the quartz diorite rocks shows a magmatism with higher Sm/Yb ratios than what is usually found for the spinel lherzolite. The plotting of the samples on diagrams indicates that the samples are located near the spinel + garnet lherzolite trend, indicating that the early magmatism originated from the spinel + garnet lherzolite mantle. High values of Ba/Th compared to low values of Th/Nb emphasize the contamination of subducting material or lower crust with magma; the (Dy/Yb)CN-Sr/Nd (Kelemen et al., 2003) diagram indicated that the process of fractional crystallization of plagioclase was effective in the evolution of magma; and finally, the study of samples in this deposit shows the relatively high water content in the magmatism, associated with the presence of garnet in the source and magma contaminated with the lower crust (Temel et al., 1998). In order to investigate the tectonic environment of the deposit, the diagrams of Pearce et al. (1984) were used. The samples are located in the active continental margin and associated with collision magmatism.

analysis of the trace and REEs of the quartz diorite rocks in the region, a magmatism related to the arc with the calc-alkaline series can be recognized. In terms of the evolution of magmatism, according to the interpretation of trace element data, from the origin to the surface, it can be considered a magmatism that originated from the partial melting of magma with the metasomatized spinel + garnet lherzolite composition in the source with the presence of garnet and amphibole phases. In terms of geochemical properties magmatism is more similar to Kuh-Panj type granitoid than the Jabal Barez type; and it is placed in the category of semi-economic to economic magmatism. Based on studies of trace elements from whole rock data, the tectonomagmatism of the rocks in the region is in the range of the active continental margin to collision setting.

The Cenozoic Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA) in Iran is a part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt hosts well-known porphyry Cu ± Mo ± Au ± Ag and epithermal Cu (± Au) deposits (McInnes et al., 2003; Hou et al., 2011; Richards et al., 2012, and references therein). The southeastern portion of UDMA in Kerman province contains many of these porphyry copper deposits, known as the Kerman porphyry copper belt (KPCB), where the Seridune porphyry copper deposit (SPCD) is located in its central part. This study deals with petrography and geochemistry of selected samples from the drilling boreholes to discern the geochemical characteristics, hypabyssal emplacement, and the overall tectonic setting environment of these magmatic rocks responsible for the formation of Seridune porphyry bodies.

Geology:

Seridune porphyry copper deposit, in the central part of KPCB in southeastern UDMA, is located in the northeast of the Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper mine. These intrusive bodies are intruded the Eocene volcanic rocks (i.e., andesite and dacite) and as a whole cut by N-S trending dacitic dykes. 

Based on fieldwork and petrographic studies, 14 samples of Seridune intrusive bodies with the lowest degree of alteration were selected for whole-rock geochemical analyses. Whole-rock major and trace-element compositions were analyzed using fusion Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS) at the Zarazma company, Iran.

Petrography:

Petrographic studies revealed that in the Seridune area, the composition of the intrusive body responsible for mineralization is predominantly granodiorite porphyry to quartz monzonite porphyry. The other intrusive bodies in the Seridune deposit show a range of compositions varying from granodiorite to monzonite. Mineralogically, they consist mainly of quartz, orthoclase, and plagioclase with variable amounts of biotite, and amphibole phenocrysts setting in a fine-grained groundmass of the same mineral assemblage creating porphyritic texture. Accessory minerals are opaque, zircon, apatite, and titanite. Sericite, chlorite, secondary biotite and secondary alkali feldspar, calcite, anhydrite, clay minerals, and epidote also occur as secondary phases.

Geochemistry:

The results of whole rock analyses are presented in Table 1. In the A/CNK versus A/NK diagram (Shand, 1943), the hypabyssal intrusive Seridune porphyry intrusive body is meta-aluminous to slightly peraluminous, and other intrusive bodies in the Seridune deposit are also meta-aluminous nature. In the Seridune porphyry copper deposit, there is a negative correlation of P2O5 content with the increasing SiO2 content, similar to the I-type granite evolutionary trend (Chappell and White, 1992). On the chondrite-normalized REE patterns, there is a strong enrichment of LREE relative to HREE, whereas, on the primitive mantle-normalized multi-element diagrams, there are enrichments of large ion lithophile elements (LILE), Th and Sr, and depletions of high field strength elements (HFSE) including heavy rare earth elements (HREE).

The Seridune porphyry copper deposit exhibits LREE and LILE enrichment coupled with depletion in Nb and Ti elements, which is typical of subduction-related magmas. This characteristic results from lack of these elements in the source, and/or involvement of the crust in the magmatic processes. The Seridune porphyry intrusive body belongs to the calc-alkaline series and has metaluminous to slightly peraluminous features, whereas other intrusive bodies in the Seridune deposit belong to the calc-alkaline series with a meta-aluminous nature. These features are typical of I-type granites formed by partial melting of mantle wedge which triggered the melting of lower crustal rocks in subduction zones and active continental margins (Chappell and White, 1974; 2001). This type of granite in orogenic belts appears to be resulted from the interaction of main magma with the continental crust through the processes of assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) (Dilek et al., 2009). Furthermore, the high values of Th (3.5-5.2 ppm) in the Seridune intrusive bodies have been assigned to the effects of crust contamination (Kaygusuz et al., 2014). The high values of the Th/Nb ratio in the Seridune porphyry copper deposit may point to characteristics of arc-related magmas, enriched by the continental crustal melting. Considering the enrichment of the samples in incompatible elements (i.e. K, Th, Rb, La, Ce, and Nd) and the negative anomalies of Ti, P, Nb, and Eu, it can be argued that the Seridune intrusive bodies were formed by crystallization of melts derived from the melting of lower crustal metabasic rocks as a result of the injection of mantle-derived mafic magmas (Searle and Fryer, 1986; Harris et al., 1986; Chappell and White, 1992). Finally, it can be concluded that the Seridune deposit was originated in a volcanic arc setting. Based on geological background of the area, the formation of these rocks must be related to the subduction of the Neotethys oceanic crust beneath the Central Iranian Micro-continent. The parent magma likely resulted from the partial melting of the lower crust, while the upper crust played a significant role in contaminating the magma at shallower levels.

The Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone formed a piece of the northeastern section of the Gondwana continent during the Paleozoic era and separated it from the Asian plate by the Paleo-Tethys Ocean (Golonka., 2004). During the Middle and Late Triassic, coinciding the closure of the Paleo-Tethys, a rift called the Neo-Tethys Sea developed along the Zagros region, separating the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone from the Arabian plate (part of Gondwana). Crustal subduction is thought to have initiated in the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic (Berberian, 1981). This subduction led to the deformation of rocks and emplacement of intrusive masses during the Late Triassic in the southern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, and the emplacement of various masses from gabbroic to granitic rocks during the earlier times in the northern part of the zone from the Middle Jurassic (Shahbazi et al., 2010; Mahmoudi et al., 2011) to the Middle Cretaceous (Ghalamghash et al., 2009) and Early Eocene (Ahadnejad et al., 2010). The closure of the Neo-Tethys Sea and the subduction of the oceanic crust are often been associated with the emplacement of ophiolites along the Zagros Zone during the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene (Agard et al., 2005), in addition to some granitoid bodies of the Upper Eocene to Oligocene. According to (Berberian 1981 and Azizi and Moinevaziri, 2009), these bodies and their ages indicate the continuation of the oceanic crustal termination and the collision between the Arabian plate and Central Iran during the Neogene.Several valuable studies have been conducted on the magmatism of intrusive masses within the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, including the southern Dehgalan (Sarjoughian et al., 2015), northwest of Azna (Shabanian et al., 2009), Cheshme Sefid (Davoudian et al., 2007), Qorveh-Mobarakabad (Azizi and Asahara., 2013), southeastern Saqqez, and Almoghlaq batholith.

Regional Geology:

The study area is located in the northwestern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, southeast of the city of Sanandaj in Kermanshah Province. It lies within the geographical longitudes of '35°47 to '30°47 east and latitudes of '35°34 to '38°34 north, within the southwestern portion of the 1:100,000 Sanandaj geological sheet. The upper Cretaceous phyllitic units are intruded by syenitic-gabbroic intrusive masses and have undergone metamorphism and transformation into hornfels due to neighboring intrusive masses and associated metamorphism. The geological map at a scale of 1:25,000 (Mokhtari and Kohestani, 2018) has delineated the rock units of the area (Figure 1).

Following the field studies and mapping with satellite images, field observations were conducted. Microscopic studies were carried out on the collected samples. Following the examination of thin sections of the rocks, 12 samples exhibiting the least evidence of secondary processes, including mineral alteration, cavity filling, and the presence of secondary veins and fractures, were selected. Subsequently, the samples were dispatchedare sent to the Zara-Azma Laboratory for chemical analysis. This entailed theThrough this analysis determination of the abundance of trace and rare earth elements using are determined by applying the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and major oxides using the fusion method.Petrography:The study area consists of gabbro, syenite, alkali syenite, and quartz syenite. The dominant textures are hypidiomorphic granular, poikilitic, perthitic, and granophyric in the syenites, as well as sieve-textured fabric. All rock types trending northeast-southwest.Gabbroic Intrusions:Gabbroic intrusions are present in the southern part of the Baetar intrusive complex and at the margin of the syenitic intrusion. In the northern margin of the syenitic intrusion, two small outcrops of gabbroic intrusion are observed, where one is in contact with the syenitic intrusion, and the other is within the units of hornfelsed shale, siltstone, and metamorphos sandstone of Upper Cretaceous era.Syenitic Intrusion: In the central region of the Bakter intrusive complex, the outcrops of syenitic intrusion are widespead. The syenitic intrusion is in close proximity to the gabbroic intrusion, particularly in the southern region.Geochemistry Based on whole rock geochemical data, especially the La/Yb vs. La ratio, these rocks share the same genesis. Geochemical data, including LREE enrichment compared to HREE, positive Pb anomaly, and depletion of Nb and Ti, reveal the divergent regimes in a back-arc zone, through which the primary magmatic melts are generated in the Bakter intrusive complex. The presented geochemical patterns indicate that the parental magma of the studied rock group is derived from an enriched or metasomatized garnet lherzolite with a degree of partial melting within 5% to 15% range..

Field studies, petrography, and geochemical analysis run on the subject region reveal that it is composed of mafic and felsic rocks, with the felsic rocks mainly consisting of syenite, alkaline syenite, and quartz syenite, while the mafic rocks are of a gabbroic composition. Spider diagrams normalized to primitive mantle compositions reveal the enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) compared to high field strength elements (HFSE), with negative anomalies observed in niobium (Nb) and titanium (Ti). The parental magma of the studied plutonic rocks is derived from low degrees of partial melting (5-15%) of a garnet-bearing lherzolite source at depths of 95-110 kilometers. Considering that the intrusive rocks of the Baetar region are associated with post-collisional activities and the presence of a thin and stretched lithosphere is appropriate for their formation, it is assumed that a secondary subduction with a slab break-off mechanism occurred in the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone for a relatively long period after the initial collision.