Part of people's daily life is online use of social networks. However, the use of these networks may go beyond a habit, leading to a habitual pattern of use that endangers one's well-being. This research has evaluated a theoretical model that four criteria of social capital, by mediating the variables, bonding (strong relationship) and bridging (weak relationship) social capital, in the role of habitual use of filtered online social networks in the context of street riots. look into it. This model was carried out using structural equations of partial least squares, which is modeled with targeted data collected in Iranian cities. The results of the research showed that interaction and confrontation is the most important driver for bonding and bridging social capital with online users. trust was statistically significant only for social capital connection. Unlike the bonding variable, bridging social capital does not have a significant relationship with the habitual behavior of using social networks. Shared values were not statistically significant for bridging and bonding social capital.

Social capital refers to “resources embedded in social relations”. It is known for its potential role in the joint management. Because it may reduce the expenses of working, enhance information transition, improve social movement, and encourage collaboration by shared standards, it is becoming increasingly popular. Numerous have examined the effects of social capital, focusing on community empowerment.The distribution of social resources among different communities has different characteristics. Therefore, in order to reduce conceptual complexities and homogenize the interests of residents, especially in rural communities, increased research on joint management of social capital and empowerment has been emphasized. According to the mentioned definitions and based on the objectives of the research, the study of social capital and its examples, including trust and collaboration in the empowerment of rural society, is a key principle in rural development.

Gachsaran county is located in Kohgiluye and Boyerahmad province, Iran, with a population of 12400 people. in this city, most people are engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry and their annual income depends on these sectors. Given economic issues in this region, the “Progress and Development of Rural Systems” project was established in this area. This project aimed to institutionalize and build capacity among rural people, which enables their empowerment and collaboration, as well as the empowerment of rural communities, to improve their livelihood and living standards. In fact, the creation of micro-credit funds has been formed with the approach of micro-financing based on the production value chain and supporting sustainable employment in this field. Social Network Analysis (SNA) was employed as a research method in this study because gauging social capital is crucial and challenging, and it is a crucial approach for assessing this capital. This method allows researchers to investigate structured connections among players inside a system that either facilitate or hinder human behavior. In this research, the highest-level indexes of the social network have been studied which are introduced as follow: Density, Centralization, Reciprocity, Transitivity and Geodesic Distance. The sample size for this research is comprised of all members of microcredit funds in 2 villages (totaling 123 members). In this research "full network method" was used.

According to the results, the Density index in all of the studied areas was increased after the implementation of the empowerment project. In addition, on average, the Reciprocity and Transitivity index increased in trust and collaboration networks in the studied villages. Thus, it could be understood that social capital and empowerment in local communities are both required and complementary. The results showed that after the implementation of the plan, the Centralization decreased and power was divided among the activists. The Geodesic Distance between the two bonds of trust and participation indicates the relatively favorable speed of trust, participation, unity and unity among people, which has continued to decrease after the implementation of the project. As a result, any action aimed at building the capacity of the local community, increasing social capital, and promoting trust and collaboration among local communities will ultimately lead to maintaining and strengthening the social structures of that community. Therefore, this community develops into a region, which serves as the foundation for long-term rural development. These results can be administered to other areas of research and interference such as studies of community development, participatory research, and social intervention.

According to the results of the density index in the investigated networks, this rate is medium to high, and in terms of trust, cooperation, and social capital, the continuity between the networks rises by the same amount. Accordingly, between the studied links, dense networks can be supposed, this approach can be useful to enhance and develop the social capital of the members.Based on the results of the concentration index, the implementation of the project has been effective in reducing the concentration and division of power in the network. Gašević et al. (2019) noted that the lower the level of concentration in the network of relationships, the higher the level of power sharing in the network and the more stakeholders will be influential in decision-making in rural management. According to the results of the index of Reciprocity and transitivity of ties in the second phase of the study compared to the phase before the project in the studied villages has increased. Strengthening bonds of trust and mutual cooperation creates a stable network in which the spirit of trust, cooperation and cooperation is institutionalized among people. Also, this leads to an increase in social capital, and participatory planning in the direction of rural development will be associated with less cost and time. The Geodesic Distance between the two bonds of trust and participation indicates the relatively favorable speed of trust, participation, unity and unity among people, which has continued to decrease after the implementation of the project, which indicates the high speed of circulation of trust and participation among people. Considering the importance of the time and speed of coordinating people in the discussion of collaborative management, strengthening the bond of trust and especially participation in order to increase the speed of circulation of this bond among people and then reduce the time of coordination and unity among the members of micro funds in line with the implementation Community-oriented management is very important.

In order to develop sustainable rural development, recognition of obstacles and challenges is needed. Conscious knowledge and use of social capital is an opportunity to build capacity for participation in rural development. In general, in order to succeed in rural development, strengthening social capital through trust and participation and there by increasing social cohesion is needed. The formation of micro fund and rural development groups are among the strategies to increase trust and participation among individuals and increase social capital; So that social capital in the form of local organizations reduces poverty and increases the welfare of the community, which is itself the basis for achieving sustainable rural development.

From the point of view of many, "fear of crime" is known as an important urban issue. When a city faces disorder and disorder, it causes a feeling of insecurity among its citizens. The influence of neighborhood bonding factors has an important role in reducing the feeling of fear of crime and the main goal of this research is to address it.research in terms of purpose; application, nature of data; The quantity and collection tool of the researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability have been confirmed, has been completed by quota sampling in the 5 districts of Kashan municipality with the number of 304,487, and the sample size is 384 people. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.The results show that neighborhood bonding factors (sense of place belonging, social capital and the role of the police) have been effective in reducing citizens'' fear of crime. In relation to vulnerability variables (gender, age, region of residence and socio-economic base); Women and people with older age groups have stated that they feel more afraid of crime. The average feeling of fear of crime is different in different city areas, but no difference was observed in the socio-economic base. In the multivariate regression analysis, according to the effect of the total variables, the social capital variable has the greatest effect, and in that order, the city atmosphere, the role of the police, and the sense of belonging to the place have played a role in explaining the dependent variable.

For the erosion of social capital and the disintegration of the family, enjoying the views of theorists of social capital such as Coleman, Putnam, Fukuyama and Bourdieu and examine some of the assumptions related to disruption of family as social anomie, pressure, relative deprivation theoretical framework was developed.indicators of social trust, social support, social participation, social cohesion and social interaction as measures of erosion of social capital were selected.The six hypotheses were formulated and the method of survey questionnaires validated with 385 divorced and not divorced women city of Kashan, the random sampling method were selected, tested, and the erosion of social capital in two groups. The results showed that the relationship between the erosion of social capital for women and disruption of families is significant, the higher the erosion of social capital for women, the greater the disruption of their families would be greater still. All dimensions of social capital and disruptive family relationship is significant; the erosion of social trust, social support, social participation, social cohesion and social interactions divorced and not divorced women, the disruption of their family also increases. Based on the interviews, too, can be the consequences of the problem in question, such as follows: No supervisor children, child abuse in different ways, addiction, ran away from home and committed suicide.

In this paper, a novel two-stage multi-period stochastic model is developed to obtain a comprehensive plan. This plan aims to manage the assets and liabilities such that all legal and budget constraints are satisfied. Assets in the model include short- and long-term loans with reasonable interest rates, investments in the stock market, varied bonds with different expirations, investments in other banks, and the legal budget in the Central Bank. However, liabilities encompass all types of sight and investment deposits with different maturities. In the model, each type of deposit's amount is considered a decision variable, while its total amount is assumed to be stochastic. The mathematical model is constructed in an innovative way such that all previous loans and bonds with possible transactions in the planning horizon could be considered initial parameters. Real data for a commercial bank in Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran capital, are used to construct and check the optimization model. The total revenues obtained through the mathematical model and one achieved based on the experiences of financial experts in the commercial bank for four years are compared.

Economic growth models have long grappled with fundamental questions regarding the relationship between different types of capital and real growth rates. While numerous empirical studies have demonstrated the independent effects of physical capital and social capital on the quantity and quality of economic growth, less attention has been given to the interactive effects of these investment types. This study examines the influence of social capital on the interaction between physical capital and Iran's economic growth using the Smooth Transition Regression (STR) model. The analysis covers the period 1346–1400 (1967–2021) and employs four indicators inspired by Fukuyama's framework to measure social capital. The findings indicate that the impact of physical capital on Iran's gross domestic product (GDP) varies across different levels of social capital. Periods of greater fluctuations in social capital have been associated with increased variability in the effect of physical capital on economic growth. Specifically, stronger social capital enhances the productivity of physical capital, while weaker social capital reduces its effectiveness. This study highlights the critical role of social capital in shaping the returns on physical capital investments, suggesting that strategies to stabilize and strengthen social capital could lead to more consistent and sustainable economic growth outcomes.

The sustainability of any human society depends on the level of social capital. The present article analyzes the social capital among Iranian people according to the findings of national surveys (2015, 2018 and 2021). The results show a decrease in social capital in some dimensions (especially in the areas related to institutional and organizational trust and satisfaction). The state of social capital in the mentioned areas in the range of 0 to 100 has reached an average score of 36.75 in 2021 from a score of 43.50 in 2015; According to the "contagion theory", such conditions are effective in reducing hope for the social future and lowering the positive outlook towards the future of the society, and therefore, according to the "compensation theory", people invest in individual and interpersonal fields and try to to invest for their individual or group future, which shows the formation of a kind of island social capital. Of course, the important point is that social communication for virtual space, as well as professional and union relations and common interests instead of kinship and clan social capital, etc., is showing a change in some forms and relations of today's society.

Social capital refers to social ties and social support that increase social vitality by strengthening neighborhood networks, intimacy, religious and support networks, and social belonging. Iranian society continues to enjoy appropriate social vitality due to its traditional ethnic context, ethnic norms and practices, religious festivals, collective national rituals, indigenous patterns and neighborhoods, and the reason for this is the existence of social capital. The main purpose of this research is to study the effect of social capital on social vitality in Iran. The main research method is quantitative meta-analysis. The statistical population of 88 and the sample size of 47 were selected by the purposive-non-probability method in the period of 1387-1401. The results show that social capital has a significant effect on the level of social vitality with an overall effect size is 21 percent. Also, there is a significant relationship between the components of social capital, including social participation (0.341), sense of social belonging (0.341), social trust (0.401), religious belonging (0.382) and social cohesion (0.451) with social vitality.

Experts believe that social capital is a crucial element for achieving security. This research aims to identify the extent to which institutional and national social capital affects the sense of social security across provinces in Iran, considering and controlling for police social capital. This is an applied and quantitative research study. The method involves secondary data analysis. The target population includes individuals over 18 years of age across Iranian provinces. The study examined a sample of 15,500 cases selected through random sampling in the primary source. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed through internal consistency tests. Structural equation modeling and LISREL software were used to test the hypotheses. The dependent variable of the study is social security, measured using indicators such as personal safety, insecurity experiences, and the sense of security. The independent variable is institutional social capital, while police social capital acts as a mediating variable. Police social capital is measured using indicators such as trust in police, satisfaction with police services, responsiveness to needs, readiness to assist the police, police duty-consciousness, and police impartiality. The findings reveal significant differences in security levels and social capital across provinces. Institutional social capital has a significant and uniform impact on both police social capital and the sense of security. However, police social capital has a stronger effect on the sense of security at the provincial level.

Experts believe that social capital is a crucial element for achieving security. This research aims to identify the extent to which institutional and national social capital affects the sense of social security across provinces in Iran, considering and controlling for police social capital. This is an applied and quantitative research study. The method involves secondary data analysis. The target population includes individuals over 18 years of age across Iranian provinces. The study examined a sample of 15,500 cases selected through random sampling in the primary source. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed through internal consistency tests. Structural equation modeling and LISREL software were used to test the hypotheses. The dependent variable of the study is social security, measured using indicators such as personal safety, insecurity experiences, and the sense of security. The independent variable is institutional social capital, while police social capital acts as a mediating variable. Police social capital is measured using indicators such as trust in police, satisfaction with police services, responsiveness to needs, readiness to assist the police, police duty-consciousness, and police impartiality. The findings reveal significant differences in security levels and social capital across provinces. Institutional social capital has a significant and uniform impact on both police social capital and the sense of security. However, police social capital has a stronger effect on the sense of security at the provincial level.