The aim of the present study is to identify the factors influencing social entrepreneurship in rural tourism in Gilan Province and to propose a fuzzy cognitive model. This research is considered exploratory-applied in terms of purpose and mixed-method (exploratory sequential) in terms of research type. The statistical population in the first phase consisted of 10 experts, scholars, and faculty members in the fields of tourism and entrepreneurship with outstanding experience in Gilan Province, who participated in semi-structured interviews and the Delphi technique. In the second phase, the statistical population included social entrepreneurs in rural tourism from 2022 to 2024, with a minimum of three years of work experience, from whom 12 individuals were selected for the fuzzy methodological section. For the structural equation modeling (SEM) section, social entrepreneurs active in rural tourism in Gilan Province were selected, and due to the use of the SEM method, a minimum sample size of 200 individuals wasdetermined.In the first phase, a non-probability judgmental sampling method was applied. In the fuzzy methodological phase, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was distributed to social entrepreneurs in rural tourism using a non-probability judgmental sampling approach. In the structural equation modeling phase, a probability convenience sampling method was used to distribute the questionnaire.To identify the influencing factors in the first phase, thematic analysis was conducted, followed by the Delphi technique to confirm the components. The relationships between these factors were then determined using fuzzy cognitive modeling, with the aid of FCMapper and Mental Modeler software to identify the interrelationships among the factors. Finally, the extracted model was tested using structural equation modeling within the statistical sample.Through thematic analysis, 10 key influencing factors were identified: economic and financial factors, policy and planning factors, social capital utilization, community empowerment, cultural factors, environmental factors, technological and innovation factors, social entrepreneurship in rural tourism, social factors, and human capital.These 10 influencing factors were presented to tourism experts in Gilan Province in the form of a pairwise comparison questionnaire ranging from -1 to +1. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using fuzzy cognitive modeling, and the relationships among the factors were examined. The results indicated that the components of social entrepreneurship in rural tourism and community empowerment had the highest susceptibility to influence, while policy and planning factors, as well as economic and financial factors, exhibited the highest influencing power. Ultimately, social entrepreneurship in rural tourism and policy and planning factors achieved the highest central index.

Location identification for the construction of small water storage reservoirs is currently receiving significant attention, particularly in regions experiencing reduced precipitation, such as arid and semi-arid areas. This study utilized various Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques, including the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Analytic Network Process (ANP), and Boolean logic, to pinpoint the suitable areas for placing small water storage reservoirs (SWSRs). Criteria such as distance to water resources, water salinity, topography, land use, geological attributes, road accessibility, and climatic conditions were considered. The zoning maps of criteria were prepared, and after conducting pairwise comparisons and determining their weight coefficients, the final land classification map was produced. The findings revealed that access to water resources emerged as the most critical criterion. The location maps generated through the AHP and ANP methods showed that 50.2% and 51.7% of the total study area were deemed suitable, respectively, with 18.2% and 16% classified as unsuitable. In comparison, the Boolean method indicated that 5.6% of the area was suitable for constructing SWSRs, while 94.4% was unsuitable. Finally, AHP and ANP techniques are suggested for determining the appropriate locations for constructing SWSRs.

The aim of the present study is to prioritize the innovative organizational factors for state-owned enterprises (case study: Iraq). The research is applied in nature and uses a survey method. Data analysis was conducted using the DEMATEL technique. The statistical population consists of managers of state-owned companies in Iraq, as well as academic professors and experts. The sample size includes ten managers from state-owned companies, selected through random sampling. The research instrument is a researcher-developed pairwise comparison questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through a review by a group of management professors. The results indicate that the criteria for net impact, in order of priority, are: 1) Strategic, 2) Legal, 3) Organizational, and 4) Technical. The criterion for the outcome (net effect) is also identified as the individual aspect. In the examination of the sub-criteria, determining and focusing on innovative strategies was identified as the most influential sub-criterion, while the development of strategic thinking in employees was identified as the most impactful factor.

Citizens are exposed to harm in the event of a crisis. In the scope of man-made threats, the science of passive defense has provided various solutions for crisis management. Despite internal and external security sensitivities and the repetition of security events, it is necessary for the community of environmental designers (architects-city planners) to pay special attention to design solutions to increase the defense power of the environment and help solve security crises. The purpose of this research is to define and prioritize the components of environmental defense under the macro concept of "environmental security" in the scope of man-made threats (the subject of passive defense science). This research is carried out using the opinion of elites and the analysis hierarchy method (AHP) and pairwise comparisons, and it is among the efforts that seek to manage security and reduce harm in human environments with a non-violence approach. They are made. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method to extract the initial list of macro variables with the tools of library study and in-depth interviews, and after refining the list, prioritizes the macro variables and compares pairs of their subgroup variables.

Airport accidents are one of the most important challenges in the aviation industry. The present research aims to identify and prioritize the factors affecting on preventing and dealing with airport accidents (case study: Shahid Sadoughi International Airport in Yazd). In this research, the method used by purpose is practical and is descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the research includes all managers and experts working at Shahid Sadoughi International Airport in Yazd. The statistical sample of this research includes 30 people, who were selected by the purposive sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire named "Pairwise comparisons of factors affecting on preventing and dealing with airport accidents and accidents" was used to collect data. The paired comparisons questionnaire was designed using background and theoretical foundations under experts' supervision. 5 major criteria including, human factors, technical factors, managerial factors, support factors and technological factors as well as 22 indicators (minor criteria) were identified. Fuzzy analyzing hierarchical process (FAHP) has been used to weight the major criteria and indicators and to prioritize them. The results showed that among the major factors, the technical factors has the highest priority, followed by human, technological, support and managerial factors respectively. Also, among the indicators, ensuring the technical soundness, preparedness of employees against accidents and knowledge of employees have the greatest influence on preventing and dealing with airport accidents.

Abstract Using an effective method to enhance nurses’ knowledge of ECG interpretation is one of the most essential requirements for nursing managers. Self-directed learning approaches can help to introduce lifelong learning in learners, especially in clinical settings. This study purposed to detect the effect of the implementation of the clinical teammate nurse program on the critical care nurses’ knowledge of ECG interpretation on cardiac arrhythmia.  A pilot study was performed by a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group. The participants were 32 critical care nurses divided into two groups: the clinical teammate nurse program and control groups. The data were collected by a knowledge assessment questionnaire that measured nurses’ knowledge of ECG interpretation of cardiac arrhythmia. The nurses’ knowledge was measured three times: initial study, one month, and six months later. The mean and standard deviation of age of participants was 32.38±7.03 years. There was a significant difference between three scores of repeated measurement of nurses’ knowledge (p<0.001), as the nurses’ knowledge one month after the study was significantly higher than in the initial test six months later. Also, pairwise comparisons showed that nurses in the clinical teammate program had higher knowledge scores than the control group (p<0.001).  The clinical teammate nurse program can be used as an easy and economical way to improve nurses’ knowledge in interpreting ECG. This method can also be an excellent alternative to formal and traditional methods such as lecturing programs in continuing education programs.

The current study evaluated the marginal adaptation of different endodontic sealers based on epoxy resin, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and cold ceramic (CC) to intraradicular dentin using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Forty-five extracted single-rooted teeth were obtained. After root canal instrumentation, the samples were obturated using the lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha and one of the following sealers (n=15 for each group): 1) An epoxy resin-based sealer (AH26), 2) an MTA-based sealer (Endoseal MTA), and 3) a cold ceramic-based sealer (CC sealer). A cross-section was prepared 3 mm from the apex of each tooth. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we measured the average maximum distance between the root filling material and the canal walls in four sectors of the root cross-section. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s test (α=0.05). The average linear distance between the sealer and dentinal wall significantly differed among the three groups (P=0.001). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the mean distance in the AH26 group (11.99 ± 4.31 µm) was significantly higher than that in the CC sealer (7.25 ± 1.94 µm; P<0.001) and Endoseal MTA group (8.86 ± 3.33 µm; P=0.014). The marginal gap between the CC sealer and Endoseal MTA group was statistically comparable (P = 0.735). The CC sealer and Endoseal MTA exhibited similar marginal adaptation to root canal dentin, which was superior to the epoxy resin-based AH26 sealer. Endoseal MTA and cold ceramic sealers could be recommended for endodontic treatments to reduce the risk of reinfection.

Assessment of environmental effects is considered as an efficient tool in studies related to environmental pollution management of projects that have high destructive power. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the most important environmental hazards of Zahedan gas power plant and also identifying the most important effects of this power plant on the physical and chemical environment of the region during the construction and operation phase. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type, and the data collection tool was a questionnaire designed according to the hierarchical standard format. After confirming its validity and reliability, it was completed by 20 experts and professors in the field of environment. Data analysis was done by hierarchical analysis method in Expert Choice software. In this technique, the relative weight of each of those indicators was determined by pairwise comparison between the studied criteria and indicators, and then the value of each of the studied samples was calculated according to the obtained weights. The results of index ranking using the fuzzy Vicor method showed that in both construction and operation stages, this power plant had the greatest impact on the physical and chemical pollution of the environment, but in the construction stage alone, it had the greatest impact on the pollution caused by solid waste materials with a weight of 776 0.0 and after that water pollution with a weight of 0.431. Also, in the exploitation stage, it has had the greatest effect on soil and water pollution with the weight of 0.791 and 0.711, respectively. In general, the results of this research showed that the Zahedan gas power plant is associated with many environmental risks and pollutions in both the construction and operation stages and has threatened the physicochemical and biological environment of the region.

The traceability system minimizes unsafe and low-quality food products during production, processing, and distribution stages. To implement a traceability system, it is crucial to understand the drivers that enable traceability in the food supply chain. This study aims to analyze the drivers for implementing traceability capability in the food supply chain. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and survey-based in terms of data collection. The statistical sample consists of 20 food industry experts. Based on literature review and screening, 11 drivers for establishing a food traceability system were identified. A pairwise comparison questionnaire using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was employed by the experts. To analyze the collected data, ISM was utilized to prioritize the drivers for implementing traceability capability in the food supply chain, resulting in a nine-level prioritization. In the structural model, the adoption of Industry 4.0 was identified as an influential driver, while market support and competitive advantage were highly influenced drivers. The MICMAC matrix was used to analyze the interrelationships between the drivers. Subsequently, the structural equation modeling (SEM) method using Smart PLS 3.0 software was employed to fit the obtained structure. A questionnaire containing 33 Likert scale questions was designed and completed by 170 food industry employees. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire, as well as the model fit, were confirmed. The results of this study can serve as a guideline for the sustainable implementation of the traceability system in the country's food industries.

The rapid urbanization of cities has significantly increased travel demands and led to a rise in single-occupant vehicle ownership. Achieving a balance between transportation supply and demand is crucial in addressing these challenges. This paper focuses on the importance of ten key principles in urban planning for shared mobility to create livable cities. The Best-Worst method is employed to examine and estimate the impact of each principle, utilizing a genetic algorithm to determine the resulting weights. The case study is conducted in Tehran province, known for being the densely populated capital of Iran with a diverse range of transportation modes. A questionnaire method is employed to collect expert opinions, categorizing them into two groups. The first group evaluates the impact of each principle individually, identifying "planning cities and mobility together" as the most influential and "seek fair user fees" as the least significant. The second group provides pairwise comparisons between the best and worst principles. The results indicate that integrating urban transportation planning with city planning, specifically focusing on moving people over cars, is of paramount importance. Seamless connectivity and designing for equitable access are recognized as the second and third most crucial principles, respectively. The study emphasizes the need for considering these principles in transportation planning to address complex city problems and enhance connectivity, especially for pedestrians and cyclists. The findings, derived through a genetic algorithm optimization technique, highlight the significance of prioritizing certain principles in policymaking. By incorporating these insights, policymakers can allocate budgets more effectively and develop the built environment based on key principles, resulting in cost-effective and sustainable transportation planning for the future.