The main goal of this article is to examine the preconditions of providing a sort of consensus-native pre-theory of international relations with a Middle Eastern viewpoint. Given the existence of theoretical elements in the Middle East، is it possible to provide a non-Western and non-deterministic theory with a Middle Eastern reading? This approach requires borrowing from critical theories of international relations and psychological constructivism in order to complete these elements. Obviously، consensus among Iranian، Turk and Arab scholars of international relations over a united ontology، epistemology and methodology for studying international relations will pave the way for this theoretical alternative. In other words، the academic realms of international relations، particularly in Arab countries are strongly affected by realism and neo-realism. They consider their societies’ domestic developments as a function of political interactions of great powers and the material distribution of international system. The main aims of this article include: the pathology of this approach، promoting cooperation regarding alternative theoretical patterns for studying international interactions، and knowledge of international relations relying on the theoretical consensus of the Middle Eastern international relations.

Analyzing the articles of each discipline based on concepts can finally show the weaknesses and strengths in dealing with that concepts in the form of generalizable numerical data and can be used as a basic research in the direction of future research with a pathological approach. Coalitions and alliances have a special place in IR and determine how power is distributed in the international system; On this basis and due to the adoption of the serious and pragmatic foreign policy doctrine of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on looking to the East, the approach measurement of the concepts related to the organizations that play a role in this doctrine becomes important. For this reason, 109 articles with the approach of IR, which have exclusively or partially dealt with the issue of BRICS were evaluated using the categorical content analysis method based on theoretical keywords. Finally, we achieved results in this field of study, including the attention of publications of research institutes affiliated with institutions and organizations effective in foreign policy to BRICS-related articles, such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or The Expediency Discernment Council, the Iranian researcher's political economy-based view on BRICS and welcoming the fundamental or partial change of the current international order and international system, analysis of issues related to BRICS based on the approach of multilateralism and the desire to transform the unipolar world into a multipolar one. In general, symptoms of Kissinger syndrome are also evident, which should be diagnosed in future research.

This article seeks to conduct a pathological survey on the dictionaries and encyclopedias of Political Science and International Relations in Iran since the beginning of the 20th century when these two fields of science were established in Iranian universities. In this article we study around 100 dictionaries and encyclopedias of Political Science and International Relations in Iran including the descriptive ones, those bilingual dictionaries, and those with media and journalism emphasis. Our research findings indicate that the most important deficiencies of these dictionaries are as follows: some are influenced by political orientations, others explain political terms in accordance to some political parties’ interests, some are unfamiliar with cultural symbols in various spheres of political knowledge in English &Persian languages, some are not precise enough in finding Persian equals of English terms, most are not written by political scientists who are familiar with Lexicography, many are unfamiliarity with modern methods and techniques of Lexicography, and least but not last many are not observing the regulations and standards of Lexicography. The article concludes with some recommendations for improving the status of the dictionaries/encyclopedias of Political Science and International Relations in Iran.

Islam as a universal religion adopts a specific approach to the International Relations. This approach is different from realism and liberalism as the two major theorizing trends within the mainstream of western IR. The IR theories have various meta-theoretical principles, namely, ontology, epistemology, and methodology. These principles, however, strengthen their adopted approaches to the IR. As a consequence, their views about the entity of IR become different. This article is a comparative study of principles of ontology of the Islamic Theory of IR with the two major trend of western I.R namely, liberalism and realism. In the course of the discussion two following questions are answered: 1. What are the principles of the ontology of Islamic IR? 2. What is the major difference between the Islamic Theory of IR and the two other trends namely, liberalism and realism? In order to answer these questions two theories are examined in parallel with each other. These two theories are: 1. The principles of the ontology of Islamic IR have a humanistic trend and they are pessimistic like realism or optimistic like liberalism. In other words, according to Islamic thought the entity of human being is a mixture of human nature and instinct, religious-oriented policies and the theory of Godly-oriented government. So, the prominent principle in IR is the authenticity of peace. 2. The sharp distinction between the Islamic theory of IR and liberalism and realism is in their ontological principles of Islamic IR. Islamic IR, according to its ontological principles, has presented an interpretation about the nature of IR which is more compatible with the reality of the International system than realism and liberalism. This paper is the result of a library research and the research methodology is analytical.

“Theories of International Relations” written by Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater is an endeavor for explaining foundation of the theories of IR. and to analyze the principles of each theory. This book is consisted of twelve chapters and tries to analyze the relations among actors in international relations. Although the philosophical approach of the writers cased ambiguity, and insufficient explanation about the great debates especially the methodological one can be considered as flaws of the book, but great logical order and good explanation about new approaches such as International ethics makes this book a suitable book for understanding theories of international Relations. In fact, the verity of the writers caused different ideas and thoughts to be gathered and analyzed in one masterpieces and a good introduction made it understandable for readers. The book is a comprehensive explanation about different approaches and theories in international relations and can be useful for post graduate students.

This essay discusses Imam Khomeini's views on the weak points of international relations. The hypothesis is that those weak points can be studied in two levels: structural and functional.In the structural level, Imam Khomeini's political thought reflects that the desired international relations would be based on fair distribution of power, equal financial interactions and maintenance of cultural identity.On the other hand, Imam Khomeini believed that in the functional level the true justice can be fulfilled only when cruelty and tyranny vanish internationally and global peace is achieved.

The main body of academic literature on Historical Sociology of International Relations (HSIR) is divided into two parts. The first part is produced by the scholars who are trying to enrich this theory as an eclectic approach. The second part relies on the researchers who are seeking to provide a meaningful interpretation of political incidents by connecting the interior and exterior levels of analysis and making the role of international setting inflated. The international system as a phenomenon that stems from the social relations, in this context, is affected by the striking variables that are based on both internal and international milieus. This research paper intends to go beyond the mainstream approach in IR which relies on level of analyses such as power, security, economics, identity, and so forth by drafting an especial theoretical approach in order to explain the international system in the HSIR context. The authors, furthermore, believe that the international system is a social phenomenon that includes a wide variety of relations from the sub-national level to the international tendencies.         

Philosophy, history and sociology have had an effective influence in international relations. This is the realistic nature of international relations—that it relies on other sciences. The social sciences have a history of integration within international studies. First, the philosophy of sciences and anthropology were beneficial to its study, and then history and finally sociology were integral to the discourse of international relations. The latter, sociology, had the greatest influence, offering new methodologies and analytical tools to perceive power, state, dominance, and political parties. For these reasons, the stability of international relations has been largely dependent on sociology. This paper will attempt to analyze the interdependence of sociology and international relations.

This article studies the relation between religion as an independent variable and international relations as dependent variable in both theoretic and practical arenas. In this framework, new wave of tendency toward religion plays the role of dependent variable in international relations. Waves of tendency toward religion from practical viewpoint consider the current state in international relation as an unacceptable order and intend to change it. Although the criticisms of tendency toward religion aim at practical realities in international relations but international relations theory is influenced as a result. From theoretical viewpoint, tendency toward religion has questioned international relations theory which is under the dominance of modern schools - neo realism and neo liberalism- demands the introduction of religious epistemology and ontology into the study of international relations.