The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between mother- child relationship and symptoms of anxiety disorders in deaf and hard-of-hearing children. The research method was correlation analysis. From among the mothers of children with hearing problems in Brojerd, Malayer, Toyserkan and Nahavand, 69 mothers (36 mothers of deaf and 33 mothers of hard-of- hearing) participated in study uusing census method. The Spence's Children Anxiety Scale-Parent Version (1992) and Child-Parent Relationship Scale (1998) were used for data collection and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression was used for data analysis. Results indicated that 15.15% of deaf children, and 8.33% of hard-of-hearing children had symptoms of anxiety disorders. Results of MANOVA indicated that symptoms of anxiety disorders and dimensions of mother-child relationship didn’t differ between deaf and hard-f-hearing children; but social anxiety in hard-of-hearing children and fear of physical injury in deaf children were higher. Results of Pierson correlation coefficient showed that the closeness of mother-child relationship was negatively and conflict in mother-child relationship was positively correlated with anxiety disorders. According to regression analysis, the closeness of mother-child relationship negatively predicted symptoms of anxiety disorders. According to the results, teaching mother-child relationship to mothers of children with hearing problems is suggested to decrease the symptoms of anxiety disorders among these children.

The aim of this research was to consider model of child-mother relationship and positive and negative affection with anxiety disorders. 300 mothers among elementary third grade students were selected using multi-stage cluster random
sampling method of primary schools in the khoramabd city, and completed the
Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS), Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED). Data were analyzed using structural equations modeling. The results indicated the propositional model has adequate fit and positive and negative affection is mediator a relationship between child-parent relationship and anxiety disorders. These findings can be effective in the clinical and counseling settings, and for treatment of anxiety related disorders

The aim of the present study was to investigate transdiagnostic role of repetitive negative thoughts, emotional dysregulation, intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive fusion and distress intolerance in depression and anxiety disorders. This study was causal-comparative. 149 patients with depression and anxiety disorders (included 37 patients with Major Depressive Disorder, 35 patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 40 patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 37 patients with Social Anxiety Disorder) selected by convenience sampling from eight psychiatric and psychological centers in Tehran. Then they compared with normal group (N=40) through Repetitive Negative Thoughts Questionnaire (RNTQ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Intolerance Uncertainty Scale (IUS) and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS). Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), ANOVA and Bonferroni tests. The results showed that participants in clinical groups weren’t together significant differences of repetitive negative thoughts, cognitive fusion and intolerance distress, but with normal groups were different. In addition, despite the fact that scores of intolerance of uncertainty in group of major depressive disorder was higher than normal group, but lower than anxiety disorders groups. In connection with the emotional dysregulation, results showed that only participants of group of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were not different. Repetitive negative thoughts, cognitive fusion and intolerance distress are common transdiagnostic processes and play important role in development and maintenance in different depression and anxiety disorders.

This article provides an over view of strategies used in the prevention and intervention of anxiety disorders in children. The present research aimed to review and deliberate the anxiety disorders in children, their causes and the intervention ways, referred to the psychological articles and recourses. Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent disorders in children. These disorders are associated with high social costs and impose personal distress. Therefore most therapists paid special attention to them. This study has discussed Adlerian Theory and cognitive- behavioral therapy which are two distinguished methods in preventing and treatment of these disorders. Since Adlerian theory considers parenting styles and parent's modeling styles, it is mostly a preventing method. And cognitive- behavioral therapy which presents strategies for coping with anxiety disorders is mostly a therapeutic style.

The aim of the present study was to compare defense mechanisms of patients with major depression، anxiety disorders، and normal individuals. A total of 224 individuals (87 depressed، 64 anxious، 73 normal) participated in this study، voluntarily. Following a psychiatric diagnosis of the psychological disorders، all participants were asked to complete the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). The results revealed predominant defense of the depressed، anxious، and normal individuals as immature، neurotic، and mature، respectively. Comparison of defense mechanisms of patients and normal individuals provides evidence of the possible impact of pathological defense mechanisms on the development and/or continuity of depression and anxiety disorders.

The current research aims to present a structural model of anxiety disorders based on COVID-19 anxiety with the mediating role of coping strategies in pregnant women. This study is applied in terms of its objective, and descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling in terms of its implementation. Data collection methods included both library and field research. In the field research, questionnaires were used to collect necessary data, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-13) questionnaire by Spitzer et al. (2006), the COVID-19 Anxiety questionnaire by Alipour et al. (2019), and Lazarus and Folkman’s (1988) coping strategies. SPSS22 and AMOS software were utilized for data analysis. The results indicated that anxiety disorders can be predicted based on COVID-19 anxiety (p<0.01). Additionally, coping strategies were found to play a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety disorders and COVID-19 anxiety (p<0.01). The study also revealed a significant association between anxiety disorders or COVID-19 anxiety and the mediating role of coping strategies in pregnant women (p<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that anxiety disorders in pregnant women can be predicted by COVID-19 anxiety with the mediation of coping strategies.

Family is an intractful environment. Family members characteristics, specially parents’ personality traits can affect children's behavior. This study was conducted to clarify different dimensions of personality traits in parents of children and adolescents suffering from behavioral disorders and assess its relationship with type of the disorder. In this descriptive-analytical study, 200 children aged 5 to 15 referring to psychiatric outpatient clinics in Isfahan city, center of Iran in 2009, were selected by available sampling method and their behavioral disorder was diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Long form of NEO-PI-R questionnaire was full filed by parents. Then data were analyzed using independent t, ANOVA and ANCOVA tests. Children’s anxiety disorder was related with parent’s angry-hostility, actions, achievement striving, restraint, deliberation traits and total score; children’s mood disorder was related with parent’s altruism, order, achievement striving and deliberation traits; children’s excretion disorder was related with parent’s restraint trait; children’s Disorganized Behavioral Disorder was related with parent’s positive emotions, fantasy, feelings, achievement striving traits and total score; and children’s Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder was related with parent’s depression and trust traits (P<0.05). Considering the psychopathologic relationship between parent's personality traits and children's behavior, it seems that there must be something noticeable more than just a linear correlation between variables. So traits are important because they would be used to control and predict one's behaviors. So it is recommended to make a comprehensive protocol for determining and adopting intervention approaches.

The present study aimed to investigation the relationship between anxiety sensitivity with mediating role of mindfulness with social anxiety in students.
The study was descriptive-correlational study and the population included 350 girl students from the city of Kermanshah based on cluster sampling method using the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (deacon, 2002), Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A, Lajrsa, 1998) and the scale of Mindfulness Brown Vryan (2003).
The results indicated significant relationship between anxiety sensitivity and mindfulness, anxiety sensitivity and Social Anxiety, mindfulness and Social Anxiety (p Based on the findings, it can be said that anxiety disorders are multifactorial. In additional it is necessary to be considered the role of mindfulness in formation, persistence and treatment of anxiety disorders like anxiety sensitivity and social anxiety.

This project assessed the validity of integrative hierarchical model of anxiety and dep-ression by Brown, Chorpita, and Barlow. Through this appraisal, structural relationships were assess- ed between key features of anxiety and depressive disorders and the dimensions of tripartite model of anxiety and depression. In this project, using the findings collected from 255 outpatient subjects with the diagno- sis of anxiety and depressive disorders, first, via Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Validity of five factor model of DSM-IV anxiety and depressive disorders and validity of tripartite model of anxiety and depression were assessed. Next, to select the best model, the three level structural model of Brown et al., was compared with the rival models via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings supported the discriminate validity of five factor model of DSM-IV anxiety and depressive disorders and tripartite model of anxiety and depression. Amongst various struc-tural models evaluated, the best confirming was the one in which higher order factors, the negative and positive affects influenced significantly the features of anxiety and depressive disorders in an expected manner. The discriminating hierarchical model is confirmed considering the limitations of the pre- sent study.

The aim of this study was to determine common factors and specific factors of anxiety and depression disorders are based on temperament and character components in Consigner’s model. The study sample included 313 patients who were selected by random sampling. Data from this study, using questionnaires temperament and character Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory and Social Phobia Inventory were collected. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was used. Results from Structural equation modeling showed that Harm Avoidance factor has a significant relation with all anxiety symptoms also with Depression. Furthermore Harm Avoidance is the predicting factor for all Depression and Anxiety disorders. Results also showed, there is significant relation between Self-Directedness and depression. Moreover, structural model results showed that low Novelty Seeking is not specific factor for OCD and social phobia. The results showed that Harm Avoidance is common factor between anxiety and depression disorders and primarily is responsible for the observed overlap between these disorders. On the other hand, Results indicated that Self-Directedness factor is specific features of depression.