Forward head posture, which occurs often in conjunction with increased curvature in the upper body and rounded shoulder, is one of the most common postural deviations. Over time, this poor posture can contribute to the development of neck pain and shoulder dysfunction. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design and develop a forward head rounded shoulder posture corrective orthosis (FHRSO) and its immediate effect on craniovertebral and protraction-retraction angles in people with postural deviations in the upper body.

Thirty men aged between 18 and 60 years with a forward head posture disorder (craniovertebral angle less than 42.5 degrees) participated in this study. Correspondingly, the immediate effect of the newly designed orthosis, namely FHRSO was investigated via measuring two variables, craniovertebral and protraction-retraction angles in the standing position by taking lateral view photographs.

Both craniovertebral and protraction-retraction angles were significantly increased following the FHRSO wearing in comparison with no orthosis condition (P<0.001).

Our findings indicate that a FHRSO orthosis can be effective for correcting the forward head and rounded shoulder posture in persons with postural deviations in the upper body.

In commercial ships, wave making resistance is a part of total resistance which to reduce it, a bulbous bow is added to the ship bow. To investigate the effect of bulbous bow on total resistance, a container ship model is simulated with and without the bulbous bow at three Froude Numbers: 0.22, 0.26 and 0.30. Initially, numerical simulation validation has been done, which shows that the results are valid. According to the results, the bulbous bow increases frictional resistance by a maximum of 2%. In these three Froude Numbers, the pressure resistance decreases by 17.1, 31.6 and 25.9%, respectively. At three mentioned Froude Numbers, bulbous bow decreases total resistance by 1.8, 8.9 and 13.3% respectively. In addition, the bulbous bow reduced the height of the wave made on the hull and the free surface. Bulbous bow causes positive effects on the hydrodynamic behavior of the vessel, which increase with increasing Froude Number.

Inserting at least one chest tube is necessary in cardiac and thoracic surgery patients. Chest tube removal (CTR) has been described as one of the worst experiences by patients in intensive care unit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of ice bag on pain intensity of chest tube removal in adult patients undergo cardiothoracic surgery. This single-blinded crossover clinical trial was done on 51 post cardiac surgery patients in Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad، Iran، who had at least two chest tubes in situ. Patients assigned to 3 groups of Ice bag، placebo and control. Ice and placebo bags were applied to the area surrounding the chest tubes for 20 minutes before CTR. Pain intensity was measured by visual analog scale before، immediately after and 15 minutes after CTR. Data analysis was done by ANOVA، Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests. There were no significant difference in pain intensity and quality scores of three groups before CTR. Immediately after CTR، pain intensity score in ice bag group (2. 5±2. 3) was significantly less than placebo (4. 2±3. 2) and control groups [4. 0±2. 7). After 15 minutes of CTR، there was significant difference in pain intensity scores of ice bag (0. 6±0. 7) versus placebo (2. 0±2. 6) and control (1. 9±1. 9) groups. Applying ice bag is an effective، cheap and low risk intervention for decreasing pain associated with CTR.

Chest tube removal is a prompt painful procedure. The pain is gradually relieved after removal of the tube. Cold application in combination with the Indomethacin suppository administration may increase the duration for analgesic need. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cold in combination with Indomethacin suppository on the duration for analgesic need after chest tube removal. This quasi-experimental single-blinded study was conducted on 66 patients aged 18-68 years with chest tube in pleural space. The patients were randomly allocated into two intervention and control groups. In both groups, 100mg Indomethacin suppository was administered one hour before chest tube removal. In the intervention group, a 4ºc cold pack was applied in the chest tube side for 20 minutes. In the control group, the applied pack was in room temperature. The severity of pain was evaluated using the visual analogue score 20 minutes before and 15 minutes after the chest tube removal. The duration for analgesic need after chest tube removal was recorded in both groups. Despite reduction, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean score of pain before the chest tube removal and 15 minutes after the procedure (p>0.05). After chest tube removal, patients in the control group requested for analgesic earlier than the patients in the intervention group. The application of cold in combination with the Indomethacin suppository increased the duration for analgesic need after chest tube removal. The application of cold in combination with the Indomethacin suppository is recommended as a solution to reduce the need for analgesic after chest tube removal.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Many times, no obvious symptoms were identified in breast cancer patients. Accurate detection of breast cancer at the earliest stage is very much essential to reduce mortality. Mammography has been used as a gold standard for over 40 years in diagnosing breast diseases. In recent years, artificial intelligence systems have been the focus of much attention in preventing the subjective analysis of mammograms and physicians by radiologists and enhancing the accuracy of breast cancer detection. In this study, combining the firefly algorithm and applying appropriate image processing to detect breast cancer in mammographic images has been investigated. In this paper, mammographic images in the DDSM dataset were used. Three performance metrics such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (93.4%, 91%, 95%) were used to analyze the detection performance. The proposed work shows better performance when compared to existing work in literature.

Bulbous bow optimization for ship is one of the ways to increase the efficiency of the ship through its hydrodynamic performance. In this study, with the aim of STAR-CCM +, the effects of changes in bulbous bow length for the KCS ship on hydrodynamic behaviour investigated. For this purpose, the leng3th of the bulbous bow was reduced by 5%, and increase 5%, 15% and 25% compared to the baseline, and then simulations were performed on three Froude numbers of 0.22, 0.26 and 0.30. Their results of the simulations show that with reducing the bulbous bow length by 5%, the total resistance in the three Froud number increased, respectively, but increased the bulbous bow length the total resistance reduced. Also, with increasing Froude number, the effect of the bulbous bow length will be more influence in reducing the total resistance.