Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is really increasing alarmingly in all communities and age populations. The aim of the current study was to investigate theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs in predicting intention and behavior to lose weight in adolescents with overweight and obesity.
A total of 125 adolescents aged 13-18 years with overweight and obesity who referred to Pediatric Clinic of Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute were enrolled in this descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study in 2016-2017. Data were collected by a questionnaire, developed by the researchers based on the TPB constructs, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was conducted by Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression in SPSS.
The mean age of the participants was 15.20±1.53 years. There were positive and significant correlations between all TPB constructs and intention and behavior to lose weight in the adolescents. The TPB constructs predicted 38% of intention and 44% of behavior. Perceived behavioral control was the most important predictor variable followed by subjective norms and attitude.
Promoting perceived behavioral control should be considered a priority of health promotion programs for adolescent's weight loss. Also, the TPB can be used as an appropriate framework to plan for educative interventions for such adolescents to lose weight

The relationship between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes according to the status of oral health in pregnant women is evident. The theory of planned behavior is one of the few theories that social factors on behavior indicates that special attention.
The main theory of the cause of behavior, knows the intention to perform that behavior. Intention is affected by attitude toward the behavior, subjective feeling of control over one's behavior on the behavior (in terms of ease or difficulty of the work ) is.The present study aimed to determine the predictive value of oral health care for pregnant women Ashkhaneh city was based on the theory of planned behavior.
In this cross-sectional study, 150 pregnant mothers in Ashkhaneh city a sampling of urban health center Ashkhaneh selected. Scale of the theory of planned behavior regarding oral health care were collected through questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the software spss 18.
Findings: The results showed that the average age of mothers in the study 24/4 ± 4/9 and the average maternal DMF index was 5.16± 2.2.
In this study, the correlation between behavioral intention were studied by structural theory of planned behavior. Between behavioral intention and awareness (r = 0/403), and attitude (r = 0 / 369), subjective norms(r = 0/415), and perceived behavioral control, (r = 0/488) and the behavior of the (r= 0/399 ) found a positive correlation.
This theory of planned behavior in the prediction of performance measures of oral health care to pregnant women showed. Thus, this theory can be used as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions for reducing dental caries should be used during pregnancy to help maintain the health of mother and child.

Unsafe sexual behaviors as important risky behaviors can expose individuals and society to dangerous infectious disease such as AIDS and viral hepatitis. Considering the high prevalence of unsafe sexual behaviors، this study aimed to determine the effect of educational programs to encourage safe sexual behaviors among substance abusers referred to substance abuse treatment centers in Hamadan، Western Iran by applying the theory of planned behavior. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 104 men substance abusers (52 participants in each of the control and intervention groups) referred to substance abuse treatment centers in Hamadan. Data collection tool was a questionnaire containing demographic information and the theory of planned behavior constructs. Before the educational program، questionnaires were completed by both groups. After the pretest in both groups، participants in the intervention group participated in four educational sessions designed based on the theory of planned behavior. Two months after the end of program، posttest was performed. Data was analyzed using independent T-test، chi-square، fisher exact test، McNemar’s test and multiple linear regressions using SPSS-16. After educational intervention، the mean scores of the theory constructs (attitude toward behavior، subjective norms، behavioral control، behavioral intention and behaviors)، in the intervention group increased significantly (P<0. 05)، despite the fact، changes were not significant in the control group. Implementation of educational courses to encourage safe sexual behaviors based on the theory of planned behavior can be beneficial for substance abusers referred to substance abuse treatment centers.

Beliefs about smoking are important predictors of smoking behavior among adolescents. An alarming fact is the rising smoking prevalence in Asian countries especially in the Middle East، particularly the increasing trend in smoking during adolescence. In a randomized controlled trial study، 150 students e were selected using multistage sampling procedure from boy-specific high schools in Qazvin. A self constructed questionnaire was administered consisting of demographic and the theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs (i. e. attitudes towards smoking، subjective norms، perceived behavioral control and intention to smoke. The adolescents were asked to complete the questionnaire at the baseline and then they were randomly assigned either experimental (n=75) or control group (n=75). The randomization unit was the school. Adolescents in the experimental group received four educational sessions during three weeks while those in the control group did not receive any kind of intervention. The data was collected at baseline and three months after the intervention. The average age of the adolescents was 15. 3±0. 62. Approximately، 1% and 7. 6% of the adolescents had a mother and father who had smoke، respectively. There was no difference between control and experiential groups in terms of demographic variables. The educational intervention resulted in improving for attitudes، subjective norms، perceived behavioral control and intention in the experimental group in comparison with the control group. Furthermore، preventive smoking behavior was increased significantly among adolescents in the experimental group in comparison with those the control group. The results suggest that an intervention based on the TPB to prevent smoking behaviors can bring about promising results among adolescents.

Inadequate physical activity is the first among the ten risk factors of mortality worldwide. Adequate and regular physical activity can reduce high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, Cerebrovascular accidents, breast cancer, colon and depression, and falls and fracture in adults. The present research aimed to investigate the effect of interventions based on the theory of planned behavior on promoting the physical activity of different groups systematically.
Seven databases including Iran medex, SID, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched for the following key words: Theory of planned behavior OR TPB, experimental randomized controlled trial OR intervention, motor activity, physical activity, exercise. The inclusion criteria were for the results to be quantitative, interventional, and in English or Persian language. The theory of planned behavior had to be an integral part of the selected articles.
Results The initial search ended up with 319 articles in different databases which were filtered according the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 14 articles were included in the research which covered the years 2003 to 2016. The majority of studies were case-control and semi-experimental. The intervention durations were 2 weeks to 3 months. The target research populations were students, elderly, housewives, and health workers. The used educational interventions were mostly lecture, panel discussion, booklet, focal groups, educational pamphlets, Q&A, and brainstorming. In the majority of investigations, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention were strong predictors of physical activities. Subjective norms were poor predictors in less than half of the studies. The theory-based interventions revealed to have a positive effect on promoting physical activity.
The majority of interventions based on the theory of planned behavior were proved to promote physical activities. However, the heterogeneity of target groups makes comparing the effect of interventions on physical activities difficult. To explore the effect of the interventions in theory-oriented studies, it is recommended to extend the length of the interventions and follow-ups to properly decide on the effectiveness of the intervention.

Health literacy is a measure of an individual’s ability to read, comprehend, and act on medical instructions. According to the theory of planned behavior, the main cause of a behavior is intention. This study aimed to determine the association between health literacy and constructs of theory of planned behavior and Breast Cancer Screening Tests performance among rural women in Roshtkhar
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 women above age 35 years who were selected by Multi-stage random sample method from population covered by rural health centers of Roshtkhar. Data were collected by researcher-made questionnaire and questionnaire of Test of functional health literacy in adults. Data were analysed using SPSS software version16, using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis and linear regression models (α=0.05).
The mean age of participants was 39.6±4.84 years. The Kruskal Wallis Test was shown a significant relationship between Breast Cancer Screening Tests performance and Health Literacy (p The theory of planned behavior could be used as an appropriate theoretical framework for the design and implementation of health literacy and breast cancer interventions.

The aim of the current study was theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as a theoretical framework to predict the intentions towards exceeding the speed limits. 706 participants including 495 male and 211 female with at least one year driving experience were chosen in the study. The participants completed a questionnaire of eleven questions inspired by the TPB. Intentions, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, descriptive norm and moral norm were assessed. female, older aged and experienced drivers intended more to observe the speed limits. In total, the constructs of the TPB and age together could account 38% of intention to exceed the speed limits. Attitudes and moral norm were the strongest predictors for intention. Also the number of reported accidents and speed traffic fines had a negative relationship with intention.

The Tobacco use is recognized as a global health problem. Considering the high prevalence of hookah consumption among college students and its risks and negative consequences on the human health, this study aimed to investigate the factors related to hookah consumption among college students of Asad abad city base on the theory of planned behavior (TPB).
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 students of Asad abad universities between 2015 and 2016. The method was multi-stage sampling and the questionnaires were completed as a self-report. The data-gathering tools consisted of a questionnaire based on the TPB construct and demographic variables. The data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software with linear and logistic analysis.
The mean age of participants was [3/3 ± 72/22] years, the results showed that the prevalence of hookah consumption was 32% among students. In addition, among the variables of planned behavior theory, perceived behavioral control and positive attitude towards the most powerful consumption, the predictors had the intention to use a hookah. In total, 78.5% of the behavioral intention variance was explained by the constructs of TPB. Behavioral intention (ß =0/489) was better predictive for manner camped to perceived behavioral control (ß =0/115).
Considering the effectiveness of the planned behavior theory to predict the hookah consumption, it seems that this theory can be used for planning to prevent the hookah and interventions among students. Training including all aspects affecting drug compliance is necessary.

Regarding special physiological conditions of pregnant women, training the rules of oral and dental care are required to be more emphasized. Most of health problems are associated with human behavior and, therefore, the theories of behavior can help with prevention of oral and dental health problems. The present study was conducted to determine predictors of oral and dental care in pregnant women based on the theory of planned behavior.
Material: This was a descriptive correlational study in which 208 pregnant women referring to four health centers in the city of Yazd were selected using multistage random sampling. The questionnaire was designed according to the theory of planned behavior which consisted of demographic and background information, theoretical questions, and oral and dental health status. It was completed through interview while the validity was confirmed by the expert opinions and the reliability by Cronbach's alpha of 0.83-0.64.
59.1% of the studied women brush their teeth once a day and only 30.8% used dental floss daily. The average number of healthy teeth of the pregnant women was 23.56 ± 7.65. Attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control predicted 66% of behavioral intension. Health behavior predicted 12% of the changes of oral and dental health condition. Perceived behavioral control was the strongest predictor of behavioral intention.
Concentrating on perceived behavioral control, the theory of planned behavior could result in optimum behaviors of oral and dental health. This model can be used as an appropriate model in promoting oral and dental health status.

Hypertension is one of the most common and important non-communicable diseases and health problems in the world today; nevertheless, it is preventable and controllable. Theory of Planned Behavior is one of the major theories that explains the process of adopting healthy behaviors. The present study aimed atat determining the effect of the theory on components of theory in patients with hypertension. This randomized controlled field trial study was done on 110 patients with hypertension in Zirkouh city who were divided into two equal groups. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire used were determined through face and content validity and through Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest, respectively. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (V: 16) using statistical t-test and repeated analysis of variance. Both groups were similar regarding mean score of the theory components before intervention, but after the intervention the average scores of the experimental group increased. The attitude increased from 48.7 to 64.1, subjective norm from 34.9 to 43.1, perceived behavioral control from 33.8 to 43, intention behavior from 33.9 to 41.09 and behavior from 65.6 to 82.45); and these differences were statistically significant (P<0.001).However, nosignificant difference was observed in the control group. Regarding the positive effect of education based on The Theory of Planned Behavior in controlling hypertension, planning of a curriculum based on this theory is recommended.