In this study، numerical solution of non-Fourier heat conduction is discussed by a fractional single phase lag model in an inhomogeneous hollow cylinder made of a functionally graded material. For this purpose، all material properties of the media are assumed to vary continuously according to a power-law formulation except the phase lag and fractional order considered as constants. It is assumed that the cylinder is one-dimensional، symmetric and without any heat source. The governing equation has been solved numerically in a try and error algorithm to find the phase lag and the fractional order using an implicit numerical method. In order to validate the results، the numerical solutions of the fractional single phase lag model and the dual phase lag model are compared to the results of semi-analytical dual-phase lag. In the following the influence of non-homogeneity parameters is studied on the maximum transient temperature and thermal wave transmission speed. The temperature distribution is investigated from wave creation instance to steady state thermal distribution. Finally، the effect of different time delays and fraction orders on the temperature distribution is investigated.

In this paper, distributed parameter process systems behavior is studied in frequency domain. Based on the dominant gain concept that is developed for such studies, a method is presented to control distributed parameter process systems. By using dominant gain concept, the location of open loop zeros, resulted from the time delay parameter in the process model, were changed from the right half plane to the left half plane. This will result in improvement in the performance of the control loop since open loop behavior is changed from non-minimum phase to minimum phase characteristic. Actually, the dominant gain concept is introduced in the control loop as a dominant gain constraint by the use of a first order compensator in the control loop.

There has been wide interest in ambient seismic noise studies for determining earth’ internal structures in the recent years. Ambient seismic noise contains waves with random amplitudes and phases which propagate in all directions (Van-Tighelen, 2003; Gorin et al., 2006). Therefore determining information of waves propagations is possible by extracting coherence signal. This information of propagation path is equal to Green’s function (Shapiro et al.,2005; Roux et al., 2005; Sabra et al., 2005). Ambient seismic noise method is applied in various researches such as acoustic, helioseismology, seismology, etc (Duvall et al., 1993;Rickett and Claerbout, 1999; Malcolm et al., 2004; Roux et al., 2004).
The isotropic and random noise source distribution is the basic assumption underlying retrieving empirical Green’s functions (hereafter EGFs) using this method (Weaver and Lobkis, 2001; Gouédard et al., 2008). Recent studies surrounding noise sources demonstrate the dominant presence of noise sources in oceanic regions (Stutzmann et al., 2009; Landes et al., 2010). Ambient seismic noise spectra contains two broad spectral peaks, one at the period of 17 s (the primary microseism), and the other at the period of 7 s (the secondary microseism) (e.g., Gutenberg, 1936; Berger et al., 2004).
Regarding the dominant presence of noise sources in oceanic regions and also sharp seasonal variations, noise sources distribution is non isotropic and directive (Stehly et al., 2008). Nevertheless, distribution of noise sources homogenizes when considered over long times (Snieder, 2004).
The randomization of the wavefield is enhanced by the scattering of the seismic waves on the small scale heterogeneity within the Earth (Shapiro and Campillo, 2004). Scattered coda waves, sampled randomly and repeatedly parts of wave propagations, similar to ambient seismic noise (Yao et al., 2006). Therefore scattered coda waves, contain valuable information about propagation properties of the media. Additionally these waves are also independent from distribution of noise sources (Stehly et al., 2008; Froment et al., 2011). Scattered coda waves energy flux, is equiparitioning of ambient seismic noise and are independence from distribution of noise sources (Shapiro et al., 2000; Margerin et al., 2009). Stehly et al. (2008) studies, illustrate that retrieving EGFs is possible from scattered coda waves part of noise correlation functions (hereafter NCFs), which was assigned as C3 method in brief. The C3 method is an efficient way, facing poorly oriented station pairs with directional energy flux of ambient seismic noise. Therefore the accuracy of estimating arrival times of the different parts of EGFs is improved by C3 method in the presence of inhomogeneous noise source distribution (Garnier and Papanicolaou, 2009; Froment at al.,2011).
The purpose of this study is retrieving EGFs by C3 method in the period bands of 1-3 and 3-10 s in Azerbaijan region. We processed vertical component recording of continuous data from 7 stations which are equipped with short period sensor (Kinemetrics SS-1) in Azerbaijan region (Figure 1). We use 1 year (Dec. 2011-Dec. 2012) of recording at these stations which are operated by the Iranian Seismological Center (IRSC) of the University of Tehran. NCFs were determined by preparation of raw data (i.e. removing the mean and trend, decimation, segmenting, time and frequency domain normalization). Rms-stacking method (see Shirzad and Shomali, 2013) was applied for all NCFs calculated for retrieving daily and total EGFs from ambient seismic noise method (C1). In this study, we investigate three types of NCFs including: (a) a coda wave signal window selected from NCFs which was calculated from raw data (b) a coda wave window identified from the subset of NCFs, which contributed to the rms-stacking method (c) a coda wave signal window selected from the subset of NCFs, which was subsequently used in daily EGFs from C1 method, in retrieving optimized EGFs by C3 method. We compared two parameters (including correlation coefficients and arrival time of Rayleigh waves fundamental mode) between extracted EGFs from C1 and C3 methods. Table 2 shows the results of this investigation. Analysis of this table shows that the standard deviation of the arrival time Rayleigh waves and correlation coefficients are 0.21, 0.98 in positive lag-time and 0.35, 0.96 in negative lag-time respectively. The results showed that all extracted EGFs using three types of coda wave signal windows were significantly similar in character. However, to save time and reduce the amount of calculations, we selected the first case i.e. using NCFs which was calculated from raw data for further processing (see table 1). In the similar way with C1 method, coda wave windows were stacked with rms-stacking method in monthly and yearly time intervals. Figure 8 shows, the monthly EGFs retrieved by C3 method which illustrate negligible (no) directionality in the region of study. Yearly (total) EGFs versus interstation distances in the period bands of 1-3 and 3-10 s, were depicted in Figure 9. Arrival time of Rayleigh waves fundamental mode is equal (to 2.09±0.04 (km/s) in the region of study.

Look at the History of Transportation shows that efficient transport system, an important factor for the preservation and conservation of cities from ancient times to modern age .Technological and economic development of human society, human evolution happened very fast. With skyrocketing demand in the Networks, the traffic is not carried out to meet the transport demand. In such Networks, management solutions in the field of supply and demand, generally using a temporary solution to the problems remain. That is why other methods known as Unconventional method, used. One of these methods is U-turns. U-turn maneuver is one of the most complicated maneuvers which recently welcomed researchers. In this study, the Kermanshah - Biston highway were studied. Data collection was performed in one day with normal weather conditions for 6 hours using video techniques. After Data analyzing, network was modeled in Aimsun micro simulation. Considering the U-turn’s current condition in the study area, five scenarios were designed to find the best way to U-turn maneuver must be matched. Each scenario was simulated 5 times and each time for 1 hour. The simulations’ results revealed that replacing current U-turn with underpass is the best scenario in study area based on measure of effectiveness, so that network’s delays and travel time improved. Considering the data collection,

Given the increasing importance of time, cost, and resource management, organizations are pushing for a knowledge base consisting of all the knowledge acquired during a project, and with the prior knowledge being put in place to maximize productivity. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of knowledge management on the delays of road construction projects in project-oriented organizations. The present study, after explaining the concept of knowledge management and identifying the causes of delays in road construction projects, examines the components of knowledge management and the impact of each of them on reducing the time latency of road construction projects through a questionnaire study method. Then, one of the sub-criteria of delay factors and its effectiveness from knowledge management was investigated. For this purpose, a statistical population consisting of active employers, consultants and contractors in the road construction sector of Southern Khorasan province was considered and parametric tests were used for inferential analysis. Findings show that there is a significant positive two-way relationship between knowledge management and reducing project time latency. This means that the more knowledge management is used in road construction projects, the greater reduction in project latency we will see. Among the components of knowledge management, knowledge creation has the greatest effect (17.42%) on reducing delays and based on the calculated results, it can be said that about 96.8% of delays in projects can be controlled by knowledge management. Also, according to the descriptive statistics obtained in the general case, it can be said that the most important factor affecting the delays are the contractors at the rate of 21.35% and then the employers at the rate of 20.76%.

With the change in people's lifestyles in the contemporary world, some of the previous priorities such as marriage and childbearing have faded, but issues such as continuing education and employment have become top priorities, instead. The delay in the proper timing of marriage among young people prevented the couple from having children in the golden opportunities of fertility. Evidence suggests that sometimes this plague of delay has deprived some families of the gift of having children. The use of gamete storage technology in adolescence is a way to achieve childbearing for couples who, for whatever reason, have delayed fertility. The present study seeks to answer the question of what the ruling on this new achievement of genetic science in gamete storage is. The author considers the ruling to be permissible in view of the various benefits of this technology, citing reasons such as the principle of correctness, impropriety, the principle of treatment and the treatment of secondary topics, due to precautionary aspects.

In this paper a new control scheme is proposed to ensure stability and performance of the teleoperation systems while a wide range of time delay of transmission line is allowed. For this mean, time delay is estimated and used to predict the plant output. A model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) is designed for the master site using the predicted output of the plant. The proposed control system indicates good stability and force tracking performance. For the slave site, an independent MRAC is designed and it is shown that a good tracking for the position and velocity signals is achieved.

In recent years, numerous attempts were done to find new treatment methods for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Anandamide (Anandamides; AEA) and di-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-Arachidonoylglycerol; 2-AG) are two major ligands of endocannabinoid system can be produced or deleted by a certain enzymatic pathway. Given the frequency and significance of these endocannabinoid ligands, it seems that endocannabinoid system in the brain can be changed with pharmacologically manipulating in the pathway of these two main ligands. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic elimination of endocannabinoids inhibitors on tonic-clonic seizure caused by PTZ.
In this exprimental study 35 Adult male wistar rats were used in 4 groups. Tonic-colonic seizure was induced through single intra-peritoneal injection of PTZ (80 mg/Kg). Latency and duration of each five behavioral seizure stages were monitored for 30 minutes. To inhibit Anandamides elimination, URB and LY (URB: 1 mg/kg, LY: 2.5 mg/kg, i.p), to inhibit 2-2-Arachidonoylglycerol degradation WWL and JJKK (JJKK: 1 mg/kg, WWL: 5 mg/kg, i.p), were used, all dissolved in DMSO and injected 15 minutes before PTZ injection. In sham group, PTZ was injected after DMSO.Time and duration of all five behavioral stages of seizure were recorded for 30 minutes.
FINDINGS: Delay to stages 4 and 5 in DMSO㴶 group were 206 and 209, respectivly. While in JJKK奢︌쒎 group delay to stages 4 and 5 were 630힟 and 726�, respectivly, which reveald significant increase (p Contemporary using both WWL and JJKK as inhibitors of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol elimination effectivly reduced tonic- clonic seizure.

The 2D position of a defect as well as its through-thickness length can be measured by ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction technique (TOFD). By considering the methods used for detecting and positioning a target in radar, acoustic and sonar systems, an algorithm was developed for 3D positioning of defects in TOFD measurements. In this algorithm, the unknown parameter to be determined is the time difference of arrival (TDOA). While the developed algorithm is sufficiently fast, it suffers from various errors affecting the TDOA. The sensitivity of TDOA to errors is more noticeable when the distance between the receivers and the midplane (a plane with a minimum distance from the receivers) is small. This problem cannot be easily resolved when the receivers are coplanar. In this paper, using a closed form solution, a new algorithm is proposed for solving this problem. In this algorithm, by considering hypothetical locations for receivers, both the target (defect) and the positions of receivers are simultaneously verified. These hypothetical positions are obtained in such a way that their distances from the midplane is within acceptable limits. To validate the algorithm, it is used for determining the position of an artificial defect in a carbon steel block. The results prove that the algorithm is accurate and can be used in case of 3D TOFD measurements in which the receivers are usually coplanar.