The idea of EGHTESAD-E MOGHAVEMATI, as a pattern derived from Islamic culture, is based on two axes of determining economic vulnerable points and representing securer strategies in Islamic approach. In this article we attend to the question that what kind of approach the EGHTESAD-E MOGHAVEMATI does take in the analysis of economic vulnerabilities. The hypothesis in which has been evaluated by analytical method is that the comprehensive analysis of economic vulnerabilities in the EGHTESAD-E MOGHAVEMATI’s approach requires utilization of institutional-Islamic analysis. In the institutional-Islamic analysis, economic pathology is conducted in four levels namely culture, laws, structures and economic behaviors using the Islamic approach. The findings of the research show that in the EGHTESAD-E MOGHAVEMATI’s idea the main cause of economic damages is the promotion of selfishness-rooted culture and economic lifestyle. This damage is the root of damages of law, structure and economic behavior. This analysis distances from pure institutional thought since it considers an Islamic approach in the analysis of quadruple pathologies.

The problem of identifying the roots and causes of underdevelopment of countries is a complex issue for which the extensive research has been done to explain it. The contribution of the present paper is that by using the method of direct content analysis in order to improve institutional analysis, it shows that the main element in the underdevelopment analysis is not "institutional quality" but "institutional consistency", the function of institutions appears in an institutional consistency. Thus, using such an approach, it is shown that one of the most important roots of underdevelopment and ultimately the decline and collapse of the Pahlavi's regime has been institutional inconsistency. The special focus of this study is on theorizing the new concept of "institutional inconsistency" and using it for institutional analysis of Iran's economy with emphasis on the inconsistency between traditional authoritarian political institutions and modern legal institutions such as parliament and civil law, between modern economic institutions, such as industry and tribal social structure in Iran, also in the light of the concept of institutional consistency for Iran, the key concepts of institutional analysis were identified.

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the theory of the influence of various stages of life on the pattern of leisure of the elderly based on the analysis of the bio-psychological model and the balancing of the mentioned pattern with the institutional-social model. The objective has been attained through the results obtained from two national researches on Iranian cultural behaviors to reflect the level of compatibility between the two models and the behaviors of the Iranians in rural and urban areas. Researchers have reflected that bio-psychological models despite criticisms made are still able to determine a pattern for the elderly especially in urban areas. However, evidence exists on challenges that the present model has encountered in certain instances.

In the institutional-structural framework, the brain drain is a reaction to the inappropriate ‎structure and poor performance of the institutions of society, which is the result of uneven ‎development in the developing and least developed countries. It seems that the brain drain ‎from these countries has a structural and institutional reasons that is assessed in ‎international studies of institutional performance. Based on the comparative institutional ‎analysis, the highest rate of brain drain has been experienced by South Asian countries (Iran, ‎Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal). International data show that Iran among ‎the countries of South Asia has the most brain drain after India, and has sixth rank in the ‎brain drain among the‏100 ‏‎ developing and least developed countries. In this study, political ‎instability and economic corruption are considered to be the most effective indicators of ‎institutional performance on brain drain. The most important institutional difference ‎between the studied countries in rate of their brain drain is in their institutional ‎performance. The poor institutional performance has not only resulted in the institutional ‎transfer of elites to advanced countries, but also strengthens the possibility of non-returning ‎elites to their countries‏.‏

Based on the resource curse in resource-rich countries, not only the revenue from the sale of these resources have not led to more economic growth, but also have had a negative impact on the economy. Various theories have been presented about the resource curse. One of them is based on the institutional approach. Accordingly, the cause of the resource curse is related to institutional quality. In the present study, with the institutional analysis approach, the role of institutional quality in the resource curses in Iran is analyzed. Since most of the quantitative researches in the literature have not succeeded in identifying indicators for detecting the resource curse, the present study addresses this problem as well as to avoid the limitations of the usual regression models, The Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) has been used. The results show that institutional inefficiency in Iran, when connected with the abundance of gas and oil resources, exacerbates the resource curse.

There are many researches about the role of institutions in different aspects of economic performance. However, in the context of institutional analysis, the issue of technical efficiency has been neglected. This paper investigates the role of institutional quality in the technical efficiency of selected countries in Asia and the Middle East using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) approach over the period 1996-2017. By adopting the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), the estimates associated with the production function and the technical inefficiency equation have been obtained. The examination of technical efficiency based on institutions was carried out in accordance with the Battese and Coeli’s (1995) and Green’s (2005) model in the form of Cobb-Douglass function and using Institutional indicators of governance and then institutional indicators of CIRI. Estimates in both cases represent the fact that a significant part of the technical inefficiency was due to the weak and undesirable qualities of the governing institutions of these countries. Moreover, the estimated results show that inspite of the balanced situation in production inputs, due to institutional weakness among selected countries, Iran is the most inefficient country in terms of technical effeciancy. This empirical finding further emphasizes the need for institutional reform.

Although the Waqf institution has played an important role in the development process, the decline of its involvement in the development of Islamic societies is an issue that has been less socially analyzed. However, the new institutionalism approach in economic sociology, by providing a benefit-based definition of institutions and defining the mechanism of causal relationships between different levels of formal and informal constraints, considers actors in their actions as having limited rationality in the context shaped by networks, norms, cultural beliefs, and formal institutional arrangements. Because new institutionalism in economic sociology has provided a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding economic behavior and the analysis of institutions, The purpose of the present study is to introduce new institutionalism in economic sociology as an analytical approach with a descriptive-analytical method and Based on this approach, analyze the factors affecting the role of waqf as a social economic institution in the Development Process of Islamic Iran. The results indicate that the waqf institutional environment, management of endowments trustees and Trustee organizations of waqf, intentions, motives and social norms among dedicator, are the most important factors that have affected the waqf institution's developmental role in iran.

This paper attempts to investigate the relationship between institutions and the resource curse in selected Middle East and North African countries, considering the central role of rent leverage on deepening the effect of institutional ineffectiveness on resource curse. There are various approaches to explain and investigate the resource curse, so that the research literature on this subject is widespread and expansive. Meanwhile, the institutional analysis approach has the advantage of being comprehensive and capable of providing comparisons among the cases under study, which is why the present study benefits from this approach. Quantitative methodology of the study is based on Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The findings reveal that, besides the role of institutions in the emergence of resource curse in the selected countries, a high percentage of inefficiency is due to the continued weakness of the institutions, because of rent leverage. Hence, these countries need institutional reforms in order to increase the efficiency and to get rid of the resource curse.

The economic situations getting more and more complicated urge us to take a multifaceted view of social issues on the basis of an interdisciplinary analysis. The institutionalists have underscored this from early twentieth century and have attempted to expound on it.The article provides a framework for the analysis of Islamic economy with a due consideration of institutionalists’ experiences. The ownership as an institution is dealt with in the article and with the help of an institutional analysis of Walrasian general equilibrium a more extensive view of the Islamic economy is presented. Finally there are some hints on courses to be offered in Islamic economy and also on the prospective research activities in those fields.