Sequence of activities has evident and objective aspects in the people living environment that depend on subjective and meaningful aspects in their culture and lifestyle. The sequence of activities with two forms of «spatial and temporal»، are ways of separation or aggregation of activities in different cultures dwelling، which lie at the origin of the formation of behaviour settings. The theoretical framework of this study، based on cultural viewpoints، surveys the «activities، spatial and temporal distances and sequences of activities» and their meanings in dwelling environment. For the purposes of this survey، a case study was done in a residential environment of «Qashqai tribe». In this study، a qualitative research method with data gathering techniques such as taking pictures from the environment and activities، drawing residential units’ maps، behaviour settings diagrams and laddering semi-structured interviews was used. After coding the content of gathered information، analytical findings classified in two parts of «spatial sequence» and «temporal sequence» of activities، and by the Means-End model، consequences and meanings of the sequence of activities was presented in the form of «Feature-Consequence-Meaning» propositions. The results show that the sequence of activities in «Qashqai» dwelling is under influence of “preserving social status «and» observing the privacy of individuals and activities «meanings. Other consequences of meanings like» desirability of human activity settings«prepare lifestyle habitus event conditions in dwelling. In addition to providing a theoretical framework for the study of the human-environment relationship and the presentation of activity sequence properties، the results emphasize the meaningfulness of spatial and temporal sequences of activities in dwellings.

The human living environment is formed by a combination of units of body-behavior, called behavior setting with the characteristics of permanent behavioral patterns, physical container and time period. Behavior setting in urban housing has a suitable spatial separation and mainly without spatial and temporal overlap, but, in rural housing, despite its simple appearance, there is a special entanglement between behavioral events and its physical container along with time components that causes the simultaneous use of space and time for behavioral events in the housing environment. Therefore, due to the importance of the subject, in this article, the behavior setting theory was specifically used in the behavior- environment study of rural housing with an analytical view. According to the theoretical foundations of the research, features such as: setting activity, people included, enclosed space, time period of setting activity, time and space sequence of settings, separation and aggregation of settings have been studied in the housing environment. Due to the nature of the problem, in the first stage, the descriptive research method was used to illustrate the behavioral settings. The sub-branches of descriptive research method, survey and cross-sectional method were used, which in order to collect data on the characteristics of behavioral settings in a period of one-month, targeted theoretical sampling was used. In the second phase of this study, the data collected in different parts of the characteristics of behavioral settings were analyzed, and then, the data were reviewed based on observation and interview based on open, axial and selective coding of the research method were reviewed. The research data were obtained from tools used for photographing and capturing spatial planning maps and diagrams of behavior settings, and then interviewing and analyzing the observations. The research findings are described in regards to the influence of people performing activities on setting organization, time and space of activities, setting separation, setting aggregation, setting spatial sequence, setting time sequence, setting spatial characteristics, and setting spatial distances. According to the main purpose of the research, the theory of behavior setting has been developed in the study of behavior-housing environment and the methodology of this research can be applied in the “Rural Analysis and Design” course. In conclusion, based on the table of characteristics of behavior sites, there should be three general thematic categories including: 1) General characteristics of the behavior setting, 2) Features related to the system of activities, and 3) Spatial characteristics of the settings should be considered, each of which can be divided into five sub-categories.

Light is one of the factors influencing the spatial value which has been always present in Islamic architecture as the most immaterial tangible element of nature. Light is not always used in Iranian-Islamic architecture for lighting up the space but sometimes it accepts a mystical and sacred aspect and affects other aspects of space like color, texture etc. Light rhythm has an important role in Islamic architecture for explaining the evolution and sequence of space to the extent that functional role of spatial sequence by light is explained through three factors of pause, motion and emphasis. Thus, it can be said that spatial sequence by light has been considered a lot in the context of Islamic art and this shows the significance of such notion in Islamic thought. This study uses descriptive-analytical method and in literature review section the status of light in Islamic sciences is discussed to elucidate its practical dimensions and aspects. Then, the role of light is explained according to triple elements of spatial sequence in Islamic architecture. The results of this study show that besides its normal functions in spaces of Islamic architecture, light has other functions such as its role in the sequence between material and spiritual worlds. This matter takes place in three temporal spectrums of Separation, Transmission and Union in the spaces of Islamic architecture.

In the face of an architectural place, the user’s sense is associated with spatial continuity (placeness) and sequence (temporality). For this, understanding the role of the concept of time in creating place dependence is of great importance, because a place is a situation that preserves a sequence of events to assist the user gain a full perception of his existence. In this connection, adapting architectural concepts to time semiotics basics to explore the concept of time in architecture represents an effective step to promote architectural analysis styles. This study uses the signification system analysis at one or more points in time, and one of the types of semiotics analysis of the syntagmatic dimension. Thus, it uses the role of time signs in spatial continuity and their relationships with architectural physical elements to study the effects of time patterns on architectural works as in an analytical method. According to the basics of semiotics as the selected approach of the study, understanding the role of time creation in architectural analyses is made by identifying the relationship between the concepts of time signs and traditional architectural examples. Theoretically, this study aimed to expand previous theories, fill theoretical gaps, and enrich the literature of the semiotics analysis of architectural works, thus practically helping understand how the concept of time was introduced to analyze architectural works using time sign rules. The conceptualization of time signs by the space fabric can, through analyzing place sign systems, add the concept of time to the realm of architectural analysis, which is carried out using the “conceptual analysis” of the transformation and sequence of the concept of time along with place.  Methodologically, the study used significant literature on architectural semiotics and collected and analyzed data by reviewing documentary and library studies. To organize data and develop a conceptual framework and expand the architecture literature, the descriptive-analytical method and logical reasoning strategies were used.

Wayfinding is individual ability to achieve spatial destination in the new and complex settings, as easy and fast as doing this in familiar environments. Wayfinding play an important role, in public places such as shopping malls, airports, railway stations, schools, hospitals and etc, Although when direction losing is discussed in various places, frustration and fear feelings are expressed. Recognizing that in a set of different and complex functions, individuals’ location and how they reach their distiantions, are inevitable which is necessary cities and large-scale buildings planning process.With the application of structural elements which increases spatial legibility and imageability and provide clear and perceptible spatial information, infact provide conditions which individuals spend the minimum time and energy and stresslessly to reach the intended aim. The field of Wayfinding and Pathfinding process hasn’t been investigated in past cities of Iran, only in some sources referred to landmarks,they can contribute to recognizing direction. this survey investigates this issue for the first time and this process along with pathfinding is considered to emphasize on wayfinding concept as the spatial problem solving. From the seventies up to now, considering this feature capability and its improvement are fundamentally mentioned as the main research subjects in different sections such as urbanism, architecture, environmental psychology and so on.The purpose of this research is to find the elements and spatial properties to facilitate the wayfinding process in old cities in Iran and to find an answer to this question, "Could the components of spatial legibility considered in today’s urban design discussions, be found in the structures of Iran’s old cities? The current research and its fundamental and the related results can be practically analyzed. Therefore, they are performed at three stages: The first one is associated to document or library studies that includes analyzing the concepts of wayfinding and pathfinding, sorting the researcher’s findings in the field of urban design concerning physical elements of the structures of Iran’s old cities. The second one is a case study that, includes reviewing the structures of three old cities in Iran, namely Zavareh, Tabriz and Shiraz ; At the third stage, the analysis of the mentioned findings and conclusion will be discussed. It is concluded that legibility, spatial continuity, spatial contrast and spatial sequences are basically considered the most important factors to facilitate the process of wayfinding and pathfinding in the old cities of Iran. According to the mentioned factors which are used in the design of cities and regions and even in contemporary public buildings, there are some advantages for users include: - Facilitating and quick access to spatial destinations. - Increasing the attraction of urban spaces and creating the variety in urban facades and configurations - Losing disappointment,hopelessness, anxiety sensation due to being lost and losing position and direction for people. - Increasing the security spatial sensation and people’s presentation in public settings with different skills and capabilities.

In the modern era, numerous political, cultural, social, economic, etc. factors caused fundamental alterations in Iranian architecture. As a result of architectural developments, changes in appearance, and sometimes structures of public buildings, including universities, are happening which mirror the cultural conditions of their time. So, identifying and examining the criteria of modernism and tradition in the architecture of Tehran’s universities with the aim of shedding more light on the history of contemporary Iranian architecture are of great importance. Accordingly, this study aims to examine and identify the criteria of tradition and modernism used in faculties to answer the question of "To what extent have each of these criteria been effective in the manifestation of tradition or modernism?" To this end, a combined nest-to-nest methodology is used, which simultaneously utilizes interview and questionnaire. First, the criteria of tradition and modernism are extracted from the concepts, and then the coding table is formed. Next, interviews are arranged according to which the variables used by tradition and modernism in the buildings are presented. The questionnaire is then used for verification. The qualitative and quantitative findings are extracted using two Atlas.ti and SPSS software, respectively. These results indicate that 22 criteria of tradition and modernism have been used in these buildings, most of which were the criteria of modernism. It is found that the most evocative factors of tradition are “use of bricks in facades” and “uniaxial symmetry” and the least evocative ones are “spatial hierarchy”, “spatial organization”, and “limited use of form-physical elements”. Also, in modernism, “lack of ornaments” as well as “simplicity and purity of volumes” are the most evocative factors and “not being tied to geometry” and “form follows function” are the least evocative ones.

In this paper, a new method is proposed for dynamic modeling of multi-machine power systems including HVDC-links facing symmetrical and asymmetrical faults. In the proposed method, the space phasors based sequence networks are used to power systems modeling during the fault time. In the sequence networks, synchronous generators and HVDC-links are modelled by injected current space phasors and loads are modelled by constant impedances. In each step time of simulation, after solving Y-matrix equations of the sequence networks, fault current and generators terminal sequence voltages are obtained in the synchronous reference frame. Then, for each generator, these voltages are transferred to the rotor reference frame and the machine dynamic equations are solved. By solving the synchronous machines and HVDC-links dynamic equations the state variables are updated and the current space phasors are calculated and the procedure is repeated for the next time steps. In a single-machine-infinite-bus (SMIB) network and a two-open-conductor faults. Moreover, the simulation results of the method have been compared to EMTP for the standard 33-bus-bar IEEE power system including a HVDC-link, the simulation results of the proposed method and EMTP software have been compared for a single-phase-to-ground and a two-open-conductor faults. The simulations results show the proposed method is reliable.

Hypothesis: 

In the synthesis of vinyl polymers, one of the important parameters that play a significant role in the physical-mechanical properties is the tacticity of monomers within the polymer chain. Polymethyl methacrylate is considered one of the important industrial polymers. The method of its synthesis can have a major effect on this parameter and finally on the final properties. One of the parameters that has a significant effect on the stereoregularity of this polymer is the reaction temperature.

The poly methyl methacrylate was synthesized at three different temperatures of 50, 150, and 250 °C via bulk thermal polymerization method. The most important instrument that can be used to study tacticity order is nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The tacticity of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was investigated and studied through alpha-methyl protons splitting and alpha-methyl and carbonyl carbons splitting, respectively, by proton (1HNMR) and carbon (13CNMR) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) and deuterated tetrahydrofuran (THF-d8). The assignment of all stereosequences at triad level for alpha-methyl proton and pentad level for alpha - methyl carbon and carbonyl carbon were carried out by liquid nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in deuterated chloroform. Bernoullian and first-order Markov statistics models were calculated for the synthesized sample and compared with the experimental results.

The results indicated that probability of meso (Pm) was increased by increasing the methyl methacrylate polymerization temperature. The corresponding probability of meso values determined for synthesized polymethyl methacrylate at 50, 150, and 250°C were 0.203, 0.274, and 0.356, respectively. Finally, the effect of tacticity on glass transition temperature using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is discussed. The temperature glassy (Tg) values by DSC results were shown that the synthesized polymethyl methacrylate at 50, 150, and 250°C had 126.0, 125.1 and 102.9 oC, respectively.

The main aim of this study was to examine the relation of the sequential implicit learning and visuospatial working memory capacity in childhood. The statistical population for this study were all pre-elementary and elementary female students who are studying at schools of Tehran in 2018 – 2019 academic year. The sample of this study consisted of 27 girls aged 6 to 7.5 and 25 girls aged 9 to 10.5 recruited based on availability sampling method. The participants completed the Corsi span task and a modified version of the Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task in a single session. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and the Pearson-r. The results showed that although younger children had a lower visuospatial working memory capacity in comparison with the elder children, there is no significant relationship between the visuospatial working memory capacity and SIL. This means that implicit learning of the sequences is not influenced by the differences of the visuospatial working memory capacity.

Cancer is one of the most important health issues in the current and next centuries. Understanding the mechanism of interaction between antibody-protein residues is essential for designing targeted anticancer drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Prediction of the effective structure is the first step for production of monoclonal antibodies.
This paper is a systematic review of the state-of-the-art researches on prediction of interaction sites and specification of antibody structures. Artificial neural networks or web servers are frequently used for evaluation of interaction sites while some researchers have employed evolutionary algorithms for prediction of the effective structure of antibodies. Accordingly, 14 methods based on the protein spatial structure, 28 researches based on the molecular amino-acide sequence (without usage of the spatial structure), and 18 antigen/antibody structure prediction techniques were reviewed.
We demonstrated that the accuracy of structure-based methods can be increased up to 80% while the acuracy of sequence-based methods was rarely better than 75%. Since the spatial structure of many antibodies is unknown, some researchers raised the accuracy (even to 96%) by only antibody sequences able to interact with some similar antigens in training neural networks. Therefore, we suggest this approach for structure prediction of monoclonal antibodies because of its adequate high accuracy.
In this paper, after reviewing available methods for prediction of antibody-protein interaction sites, some suggestions were made for effective prediction of structure of monoclonal antibodies.