This article outlines the questionable role of non-state law that is based on globalization and rise of private law making. Proponents of non-state law believe that there are numerous private legislators which make legal rules that govern large groups. The article examines troubled concept of non-state law and its shortcomings and benefits. It considers non-state law by theoretical and empirical analysis. The findings of the study confirm that nowadays، in spite of all critical comments، the importance and currency of legal pluralism is undeniable. It is true to say that Flexibility، Compatibility with circumstances and efficiency are obvious reasons for preferring non-state law.

One of the important dimensions of globalization forms the relationships between security and cultural part. Although this part is not inevitable and causes reaction and changes in other cultures in to western culture in the global atmosphere¡ pertaining to superior propaganda capabilities of this culture¡ it has doubled the importance of this process. Recognizing the impacts of global for those countries that insist on their cultural values is so important.
In this study it’s used analytical-descriptive research method and for information analysis¡ a sampling method was used. The target society in this research included 80 professors¡ researchers and students of one of the active research institutes in the field of cultural future study who were selected by using the sampling method.
Finding: The results showed that issues such as objectives¡ ideology¡ ideals and complete human and behavioral examples are of strengths of Islamic culture in the globalization process. Moreover¡ responders believe that the gap in the theoretical principles and presentation of general concepts¡ superficial perceptions¡ lack of cognition and deep knowledge of Quran teachings and the traditions of the Propeht’s are also of the weak points of the Islamic culture in the process of globalization. Finally¡ the average of all the responses was higher than the medium level which indicates that the presented criteria in the questionnaire were all verified by the responders.
The research findings show various capabilities in the Islamic culture which¡ we can achieve courses of actions to counter the cultural threats of globalization. Via emphasis on them.

More than a decade after the emergence and growth of globalization or globalizing, still there are many ambigui¬ties posing a number of questions and controversies such as: what is globalization? When and where was it born? Is there any tendency towards global¬ization in Islam? Can we establish Islamic global¬ization? What are the bases, properties, structures and instruments of an Islamic globalization? Of course attempts have been made to answer some of these ques¬tions, but the variety and the multiplicity of these answers have given rise to a number of new ambiguities and questions. Therefore, any attempt to sum up these answers would help clarify the aforesaid ambiguities. And this is what this paper intends to do.To find a satisfactory answer the following assump¬tions worth consideration:The west is the birthplace of the term globalization, but Islam is the birthplace of the phenomenon.It is only Islam that possesses the due capability, characteristic, structure and instrument for managing globalization. To verify the validly and credibility of above assumptions, following issues are discussed in this paper:Definition of globalization and the explanation of its background and history,Islam’s view on globalization; the potentials, capabilities, mechanisms and characteristics of an Islamic globalization.

Clothing has been one of the essential necessities of human being and it is a powerful communicative tool. Due to the cultural diversity of different nations and races, different sorts of dresses are prevalent in various nations and people. In addition, differen treligions cause the development of various dresses which represent a part of their identity. Clothing system is provided by the expansion of societies, formation of beliefs, different social and cultural activities. In this paper, we try to express that clothing system has passed different transformations and accepted cultural rule and symbolic meanings. In explaining its meanings, the specific cultural values of each and every nation can be observed in different social contexts. Therefore, the possibility of meaning multiplication in clothingsystem is provided, in spite of different readings of audiences in various discourses.The main goal of this paper is to express the factors active in the meaning-formation of clothes –in general- which are under the influence of phenomena like globalization, culture, religion, social organizations, media, economy and politics. The fundamental question is how different audiences apprehend clothing in different contexts and with regard to their personal experiences. Hence, the author has considered the concept of clothing(in particular, Iranian dress) as a text which lacks a single expressive form and its meaning varies under different factors and this view is in conformity with the concept of multiplication of meaning in poststructuralist approaches (especially Barthes’ approach). According to poststructuralist viewpoint, every text is created inside its discourse and so never stops. In this regard, Barthes equates clothing system with a text which takes different meanings in different social and cultural discourses. Thus, the emergence of different sorts of clothing causes the expansion of meaning. Moreover, the clothing fashion industry itself is in search of recreation of different meanings in this area. The acceptable values for every individual as well as personal ideology and religious discourse cause different types of meanings. Different kinds of religious, occupational and customary effects cause clothing transformations. The role of social organizations, including family and educational institutions, which act to expand the local or foreign culture, is also very important in this regard. The economical power of individuals and social forces is also effective in meaningfulness of clothing. Policy of Iranian government is also effective in developing special kinds of clothing and related meanings.

Prophet Jesus has a special station in the teachings of Islam and Christianity. His reappearance at the End of Times is accepted as an imminent matter. But as the view of Islam in terms of his Ascent is different from the distorted view of Christianity, there’s also significant differences of opinion in how and why his reappearance will be.
This writing is an effort in examining the quality of the reappearance of Jesus, peace be upon him, and analysis of the dimensions of his role at the time of reappearance with analytical-descriptive approach and explores the religious, cultural, social, political and economic aspects of the administration of Imam Mahdi, peace be upon him.
According to Islamic teachings, the reappearance of Jesus, peace be upon him, is wise and in line with making the monotheistic religion international and helping the true savior. On one hand, the reappearance as one of the conditions of the Hereafter, helps the belief in the reappearance of the savior and giving insight to its followers. Jesus Christ praying behind Imam Mahdi, peace be upon him, is an action coming out of obedience in Wilayah, which has a significant role in introducing a role model to the followers of Jesus Christ, peace be upon him. The ministry of Jesus, breaking the cross, his presence in killing the enemies of Imam Mahdi, peace be upon him, and promoting the word of Monotheism in the world, eradicating poverty and … are all of the role of Jesus, peace be upon him, at the time of reappearance.

The process of creation of a work and the study of its evolution is a subject that has been the concern of researchers in art studies. The nature of criticism methods is so that researchers make their concentrations on the final text. Genetic criticism focuses on the development process of the text and pays attention to the attitude based on the creative matter in the process of producing the work. The present article tries to study the development process of a Matisse painting by using the methodical model of genetic criticism. Genetic criticism is one of the methods of new criticism which appeared for the first time in the second half of the 20th century and in the 70s, with the invention of the word pretext by Jean Bellman Noel, in France. By focusing on the process of text creation, he expanded this view; every work that is produced by creative method is the result of a process. The use of this method in the arts has received less attention from researchers in this field of criticism. An important number of researches that have been done with this method of criticism are focused on written texts. It seems that genetic criticism in Iran is somewhat unknown to authors, artists and researchers in the field of criticism. This issue shows that there is still a lack of use of theory-based criticism in the study of paintings in Iran. Lack of familiarity with genetic criticism and its nature in Iran, has caused to mistakenly consider this criticism to be the same as Goldman's constructivist criticism in many cases by them. On the one hand, since artists often consider the process of creation and the material documentation of their works to be a confidential matter, it minimizes the possibility of access to the stages of creation of artists' artworks by Iranian researchers. The only book available in Persian language is the book of Genetic Criticism in Art and Literature, written by Bahman Namvar Motlagh and Allah Shokr Asadolahi. In the book possibility of using this criticism in the study of literary and artistic works has been discussed. Another book that briefly introduces this criticism in the tenth chapter is the book Literary Criticism in the 20th Century written by Jadie, Jean Yves and translated by Mahshid Nonahali in 1999. In an article titled Guernica genetic criticism, Manijeh Kangrani has discussed the process of genetic in an article titled Guernica formative criticism. Using genetic criticism and creation, she has discussed the process of formation and creation of Guernica painting by Picasso. Sajjad Baghban Maher, in an article entitled "Genetic Criticism of Contemporary Persian Painting", analyzed a painting by Saeed Moirizadeh called "Paper Clothes" based on the model of genetic criticism. By examining paratextual, metatextual and pretextual elements, Baghban Maher comes to the conclusion that the main pretext of this work is the preliminary designs that are influenced by the painting of the seated female figure from the Isfahan school. Criticism of genealogy is one of the new methods of criticism in the seventies. Despite the novelty of this critique, valuable studies have been conducted in other countries in this field; most of these studies are in French. Since 1992, the Institute of Modern Texts and Manuscripts (ITEM) has been organizing lectures, seminars and researches with a focus on genetic criticism every year. It appeared officially due to the use of the term pretext by Jean Bellman-Noel and the first case of its exact term was published in 1979 on the cover of a book by Flamarion Publications as Attempts at Genetic Criticism. The emergence of this critique, like other modern critiques such as hermeneutic critique and formalist critique, is literature, due to its methodical model, it also found its way to visual arts. The subject of this critique is the question about the act of creation and manner of formation of text, and studies the work or text while it is in the stage of birth and emergence. In this method, in order to achieve a detailed study of the creation process of a text or work, the researcher of genetic criticism must collect all the documents and information related to its process of creation, as well as the factors and elements affecting pre-textual transformations. Research on this topic is done in three areas: Para-text, Meta-text and Hypo-text. Then, the collected documents are arranged based on their chronological order, So that not only the credibility of the documents will increase, but also the reconstruction of the stages of the creation of the work will be possible. The next step is based on the number and type of documentation remaining from the text or work and Para-textual, Meta-textual information and the quantity of Hypo-textual and Pre-textual documents. The transformations and evolutions that took place in the path of artistic or literary creation are shaped by the researcher. This article intends to explain how this method of critique is used in painting by studying a painting by Matisse as a visual text based on the pattern of genetic criticism. In this method of critique, instead of dealing with the final text, the developmental stages of the text are examined. Therefore, by following the elements and documents of the pre-text and examining the relationships between them with the surrounding texts, including the para-text, meta-text and hypo-text, in addition to identifying the causes and factors of transformation of the pre-text of a text, the process of its creation is reconstructed. In this research, in addition to providing a practical model of genetic criticism in the study of paintings, these questions have been answered; What is the process of genesis of the painting of Henri Matisse? Which extra-textual and intra-textual elements have been influential in the process of its formation? In order to answer these questions, after explaining the method of genetic criticism approach, a painting by Matisse was analyzed based on the methodical model of genetic criticism and these results were obtained; genetic criticism, due to its methodical pattern and the similarities with the nature of creation in painting, is also effective in painting by studying the material documents left over from the developmental stages that are appropriate for each distinctive semiotic system. Also in artistic texts as well as written texts, material documents of the stages of development remain, which, by studying these documents, the method of genetic criticism is performed. By describing the relationships between the elements of para-text, meta-text, hypo-text and pre-text, as well as the genetic behavior of the painter, it was found that in the development and shaping of this painting, in addition to the pre-text extratextual, which includes the design, it also left the pre-text intertextual. In addition, the para-text of this text includes model, copy of the works of painting masters, Cézanne with regard to the spatial organization of the work, Cubism and failure to pay attention to the details and the whole appearance of the figure, Gauguin in the use of visual symbols, and the view of eastern painting is on the self-sufficiency of color and at the same time its non-descriptiveness. This research is fundamental in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical, the data of which have been collected through documentary methods.

The responsibility to protect doctrine (R2P) was developed in 2001 in response to the failing of the international system to major violations of human rights in territories, such as Rwanda, Bosnia and Kosovo. The R2P, which is trying to redefine the concept of national sovereignty and function of governments in the form of "sovereignty as responsibility" and makes a new conceptual framework for responding to violent behaviors, could rapidly find special place in the international debates. But, gradually and simultaneously with the occurrence of new humanity disasters, especially what happened in Libya and Syria, it became clear that in spite of having conceptual Ambiguities and complexities, is also faced with many operational challenges that The ambiguity of consensus of countries to convert this idea into an international rule, the disagreements over the examples in which the R2P can be used and justification of state for intervention by the R2P, are the most important ones. This article studies aspects of application of the R2P in Libya and Syria and aforementioned challenges. At the end, it induces that regarding to the R2P theoretical and practical weaknesses, imagination of a bright outlook for its success in the future is difficult.

The existence of numerous supreme councils in the iranian legal system and their’s practical independence from the executive has raised ambiguities in the status and authority of these councils thus research of them is important in constitutional and administrative law. Because the strict separation between the executive and legislative affairs has not been done in the legal system thus establishment of the supreme councils by parliament can limit the authority of executive and increase the power of parliament. The supreme councils which established by parliament within the executive، cause an imbalance of power between the legislative and executive. «sovereign from and by the people» - regardless of the superior of each powers - has emphasised in the fifth part of constitution thus any interference by each of the powers within the other، may be considered as a undemocratic methods. Did you mean: از سوي ديگر «اصل صلاحيت» در حقوق عمومي به هيچ قهوه اي اجازه نمي دهد تا نسبت به توسعه اختيارات خود بدون وجود تصريح در قانون اساسي اقدام نمايد The principle of «Incompetence» in public law does not allow to any powers to increase their’s competence without any stipulation in the constitution، otherwise any unauthorized power development considered as a violation of people’s sovereignty. Regardless of the lack of strict separation between legislative and executive powers in the legal system، there are some supreme councils with the higher authorities but do not considered as a part of executive power. The supreme councils have features such as; legal position، regulatory or policy actions، using some powers of ministers، dominance of appointed members on Ministers and lack of effective supervision on activities of supreme councils. These features cause the formation of alternative political power to doing professional executive affairs beside the ministers’s authorities. In this situation، there is no supervision of the executive and legislative powers on the supreme councils activities.

Money laundering is a process that occurs as a secondary crime after committing primary crimes and can also be reflected in the monetary system of countries. On the other hand, the evidence in a crime, based on a fair trial, induces principles that require the observance of the rights of the accused in this process. The burden of proving money laundering under domestic and international law suggests different approaches. Convention ﻭﻳﻦ initially presupposes the evidence of innocence and reliance on the principle of the innocence of the rationale for proving money laundering. However, in paragraph 7 of Article 5 of this Convention, in order to prove the origin of property and income and other claimed property, the burden of proof is reversed and it is the responsibility of the accused. However, this international document recommends to member states ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ. In Iran, according to Article 1 of the Anti-Money Laundering Law, there are two different provisions in the field of evidence. In other words, on the one hand, it pays attention to the principle of correctness, and on the other hand, it refers to the possession statistic. Therefore, in the legislative approaches of the country, the principle of innocence and proving a crime by a judicial official can be investigated.

The nature of the concepts of human rights and citizenship rights and the relationship between them has always been a matter of debate and challenge. The concept of citizenship rights can be divided into two categories of traditional citizenship rights and modern citizenship rights based on existential factors and historical trends. Accordingly, human rights are divided into natural and contractual human rights. Consistencies in the existential factors of each of them led to the formation of a relationship between them. Initially, the relationship between traditional citizenship and human rights was contractual, and then, in line with modern human life, the relationship between modern citizenship and natural human rights emerged. The constitution contains both of these relations in the form of mechanistic and substantive principles, so that the relationship between modern civil rights and natural human rights is enshrined in substantive principles and the relationship between traditional citizenship rights and contract human rights is enshrined in mechanistic principles. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran adheres to this rule and devotes its essential principles to the concepts of natural human rights and modern citizen rights and the relationship between them, and in the principles of mechanism to the concepts of traditional citizenship and conventional human rights and the relationship between They pointed out.