In order to assess the potential of copper mineralization and its associated elements in Soltan Meydan basaltic formation situated in the north of Shahrud، the method of stream sediment and heavy mineral has been used. To achieve this aim، totally 68 samples of sediments (-80 mesh in particle size) and 6 samples of heavy minerals (-20 mesh in particle size) have been collected in an optimized network of sampling. Stream sediment samples have been analyzed in for Cu، Pb، Zn، Co، Mn، Fe and Ni. Statistical processing of geochemical data resulted in identifying of elements with anomaly values، discrimination between anomalous and background values، and also assigning the inter-element relationships. Among the elements، Cu and Ni show first and second order anomalies in the samples. Results show that Fe، Pb، and Zn are associated together and also indicate positive correlation with Co and Mn، strongly (r≥0. 5). The study of heavy mineral samples indicates the presence of magnetite، hematite، goethite، limonite، pyrite، oxidized pyrite، ocher، barite، apatite، rutile، zircon، nigrine، anatase، sphene، leucoxene، gold and ferromagnesian silicates. Statistical processing of heavy mineral data shows the association of Au، Ti، and Fe-oxides. The results of geochemical data processing and their integration with results of distribution pattern of fractures indicates good correlation between geochemical anomalies and highly fractured regions، as a result promising area for Cu and Ti mineralization has been identified and suggested for performing of further exploration.

The main purpose of this paper is to apply statistical data analysis to find an acceptable geochemical pattern for Qanat Marvan area. Geological and geochemical information of Pb-Zn mineralization of Qanat Marvan district is first introduced and then data input to the Surfer software, contour map, drawing and principal component analyses are carried out. Pb-Zn thresholds are determined with fractal method and subsequently the sericitization index and its contour map are prepared. Finally, with respect to correlation coefficient matrices, principal component analyses, hierarchical clustering and the produced maps, it can be concluded that Pb-Zn elements in the PC2 and PC3 have high values. Therefore, principal component score map PC4 is equal to the Pb-Zn contour maps, suggesting component mineralization of Pb-Zn in the study area. These areas have undergone phyllic (sericitic) alteration due to Pb-Zn mineralization.

The Garmab Cu mineralization, in the east of Semnan and southeast of Shahroud, is situated in the Eocene conglomerate association with weakly hydrothermal altered. The weak alteration, mineralization and geochemical haloes is locally controlled by faults and late fractures. At the surface, secondary copper minerals including malachite and azurite and in the depth, primary sulfides generally are pyrite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals of the veins are commonly quartz, chalcedony, opal and minor calcite. Other components contain goethite, limonite and hematite with manganese oxides and minor jarosite smithsonite and gypsum. The results of statistical geochemical analyses indicate a positive correlation between copper with Au, Ag and As. According to host rock, mineralization, spatial relationships and geochemical dispersion patterns, deep drilling is suggested in the depth in the east of mineralization. The study district is related to buried intrusive bodies and epithermal vein-type Cu deposits.

The Eocene volcanic sequence in NE of the Zanjan and in the Alborz-Azarbaijan zone is mostly intermediate in composition and is accompanied with pyroclastic tuff and breccia. Petrographic studies reveal that these volcanic rocks are andesite and trachy-andesite. The common textures are porphyritic and glomeroporphyritic and the phenocrysts are composed of plagioclase, pyroxene and amphibole minerals. Also, calcite, quartz, chlorite and epidote are the secondary phases. According to geochemical classification, Theses rocks are plotted on the fields of andesite and trachy-andesite. Geochemically, the study rocks are enriched in LREEs and LILEs relative to HFSEs. Petrographical observations along with geochemistry of rare earth and trace elements suggest calc-alkaline affinity of the rocks under discussion as well as crustal assimilation, fractional crystallization and derivation from a subducted-related environment. Accordingly, the studied rocks are analogous with tectonic features of active continental margin arc settings.

Numerous intrusive rocks of various sizes, dominated by granodiorite-granite, intrude the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SSZ) (Torkian et al., 2008; Mollaei Yeganeh, 2018). They are S-I-and A-types in composition and ideal for studying the linkage between tectonic settings and the magmatic evolution of igneous rocks. Diverse scenarios have been proposed to explain the origin of A- type granitoids: (i) extreme fractional crystallization of parental mafic magmas derived from the mantle (with/ without crustal contaminations, (ii) high temperature partial melting of crustal granitic rocks (iii) partial melting of granulites OR charnockite, (iv) a metasomatic origin (Eby, 1992). These Atype granites are generally thought to have formed in an extensional setting, but their source regions and tectonic attributes are still a topic of debate. The present paper describes the field relationships, petrography and whole-rock geochemistry of A-type granitoid; these data are then used for the interpretation of the magma sources, tectonic setting and magma-generation processes for A2-type granitoid in NE-Sonqor.

The Shahini ophiolitic complex is located west of Kamyaran as a ring connection between the Kermanshah and Kurdistan ophiolites, outcropped along the Zagros and Neotethys suture zone, in western Iran. This complex include the mantle peridotites and crustal sequence. The peridotites are highly serpentinized mantle peridotites consist of cpx-bearing harzburgite and lherzolite that cross cut by isolated diabasic dikes. The crustal sequence include pegmatic gabbros, Isotropic gabbro, microgabbroic dykes, basalt and pyroclastic andesite. The sedimentary-volcanic sequence consist of shale, limestone, sandstone and tuff horizons covered the extrusive sequence. Based on chemical analyses the crustal sequence shows the various composition with tholeiitic to calcalkaline affinity. In the tectonomagmatic diagrams, these rocks are often plotted in the MORB regions and in some occasions, they are plotted in volcanic arcs regions. The enrichment in LILE, slightly depletion of HFSE, different enrichment in LREE and linear trends of HREE suggested the magma source originated in the arc environment from the heterogeneous mantle with varying degrees of partial melting. However, the low ratios of Th/Yb, La/Nb, Ce/Nb and Ce/Th inclined the tendency between the IAB and MORB environments. The depth of partial melting estimate between 50 to 60 km correlating and show the partial melting happens in the spinel lherzolite zone. Field relationships and geochemical evidence indicate that Kamyaran ophiolites formed in the oceanic basin in the ocean-continent borders zone in the northwest margin of Neotethys Ocean.

The Qopi bauxitic horizon is located west of Miandoab, in West-Azarbaidjan province, NW of Iran. It lies along the boundary of Ruteh (middle-upper Permian) and Elika (lower Triassic) Formations. This horizon includes four distinct lithologic facies such as (1) bauxitic iron ore, (2) ferruginous bauxite, (3) Fe-rich bauxite, and (4) Fe-rich clayey bauxite. Microscopic examinations showed various textures including pelitomorphic, fluidal, colloform, pseudo-breccia, and pseudo-porphyry within the horizon, suggesting an authigenic origin. Based upon field evidence and geochemical data, the fine-grained diabase in the area may be the probable parent rock from which the bauxite layers developed. The results of calculations of mass changes showed that elements such as Na, K, Mg, P, Si, and Ca were depleted, and Fe, Al, and Ti were enriched during bauxitization processes. According to field observations, microscopic examinations, and geochemical investigations, Eh variations (from reducing to oxidizing) and suitable pH (6-8) of descending meteoric waters were the prime factors controlling the formation of Qopi bauxite layers. In addition, the enrichment pattern of immobile elements and field evidence indicate that the Qopi bauxitic horizon may be classified as Mediterranean karst bauxite.

The Mishu garnitoid complex, located NW of Mishu Mountains, southwest of Marand and northwest of Iran (East Azarbaidjan), and intruded into the metamorphosed Precambrian rocks (Kahar Formation). Based on petrographic studies, the pluton composed of acid rocks including granodiorite, monzogranite, syenogranite and two-mica granite, all cut by acid and diabasic dykes. The presence of surmicaeous xenoliths are evidences of refractory minerals and restite. Petrographic and geochemical studies indicate that the Mishu plutonic rocks can be classified as S-type granite having calc-alkaline and peraluminous nature. On chondrite and primitive mantle-normalized diagrams, almost all the rocks show enrichment in LILE and LREE, HREE, HFSE depletion as significant negative depletion in Nb, Ta, Eu, Ti, Sr and Ba, which is typical of calc-alkaline magmatism from subduction-zone environment. The geochemical data and position of the studied samples on discriminative tectonic diagrams show that the rocks are compatible with orogenic granitoids.

In this study, meteorite pieces, with total weight of 259 grams, have been studied which is not listed in the world bulletin of meteorites. In order to classify these samples, after preparing microscopic thin sections and performing accurate petrography, using geochemical data of the major elements and trace elements of whole rock, obtained from XRF and ICPMS methods in Zarazma company’s laboratory, have been studiied. At first, the samples which have properties of meteorites are completely separated and other samples and classified according to common petrographic and geochemical methods. As a result, all of the nine of selected meteorite samples belong to the category of chondrite meteorites with petrological type H4. Also, in terms of secondary characteristics, such as special metamorphism and space weathering, the samples have been studied, in addition they are in the group of meteorites with S2 and W2 level of weathering and metamorphism.