Livability is a concept connected with the number of concepts and terms such as sustainability, quality of environment, healthy communities, etc. Although definitions are varied in different communities, defined objectives of planning should be used for creating standard native definition for livability. It is often used for defining the dimensions of community and Common experiences. It is usually focused on human experiences of place within the specified time and place. In addition, livability as a concept could be within (expanded/limited) context in which it is defined. However, the concept of life quality is often under spotlight of this concept and includes a wide range of measurable indicators with proven components such as density, transportation, security and sustainability. Livability, however, is the concept of interconnection of economical, environmental and social forms and always one dimensional and reductive measure to prevent it. There should be a network of relationships between various domains related to livability standards. Vergunst (2003) introduced a framework for livability in Aspinge rural area in Sweden. In this context, the livability is a product of interaction between local residents, community life, service level, physical location and local economy. Local population, (the number of), demographic structure (age and gender), and lifestyle are among important factors in this regard. Service level refers to communications services, schools, homes for the elderly and stores. Local economy shows the zeitgeist and power of place in creating jobs and incomes; and physical location describes the buildings and the landscape. Like other townships in the Tehran metropolitan region, Varamin has experienced peri urban phenomena (with their effects such as accelerated environmental degradation, unplanned and changing land-uses, severe shortage of services and lacking responsiveness) and the villages surrounding the town (is settlement of lower income groups - the group suffer from negative effects from neighboring towns and villages).

Today, peri urban villages have many opportunities, constraints, opportunities and challenges due to the spatial proximity and spatial-physical dependence to the city which these factors are not so severe in other villages. Establishment around the city and the use of appropriate communication networks will allow the use of urban infrastructure and services in the economic and cultural-social fields for these villages. Job vacancies, mainly in the service sector, provide a source of income and work for villagers located around towns, so that a group of these villages have found a "dormitory" function. The set of these factors makes the living conditions, or, in other words, the viability of the urban villages, have a unique and status. The purpose of this research is to identify the key factors affecting the livability of peri urban villages from the people’s and local manager’s point of view and a comparative study of the attitudes of the two groups. The study area in this study is peri urban villages in Varamin Township. Awareness of the extent of the differences between the attitudes of people living in villages with the existing attitudes of Dehyars as local government custodians in villages can provide a clear vision for recognizing the priorities of people and authorities and bringing them closer to the extent possible.
Methods and Material: The research methodology in this study. With respet to the nature and objectives of the topic "Explanation the livability of peri urban villages” and in relation to the research hypothesis test, is descriptive-analytical method. In this research, Cochran method is used for sampling. The statistical population of this research is households living in peri urban villages in Varamin Township. Based on the number of households in these villages, 400 rural household questionnaires completed and their results were entered into SPSS software. What has always been considered in this research is attention to the criteria that have been specific and cause differentiation of peri urban villages from other villages in the study area. The method of data collection according to the nature of the study was in both library and field, and according to the necessity in each stage of the research, either of these two methods or both have been used.

The results of employment and income, housing, public transportation and infrastructure services from the viewpoint of tenants indicate a significant difference between the economic criteria and the average of the items. Economically, the difference between the views of the people and local managers is very slight and deniable. The results of the social criteria of public education, health, participation and solidarity, continuity and sense of place, personal and social security, recreation and leisure indicate a significant difference between the economic indicators and the average of the items. But the findings indicate a significant difference between the average level of social criteria and Dehyars viewpoint. The environmental dimension of habitat includes three criteria for green and open spaces, pollution and landscape. The findings indicate a significant difference between the economic indicators and the average of the items. But the findings indicate a significant difference between the economic indicators and the average of the items from the viewpoint of the tenants. From the perspective of the environmental capability of living in peri urban villages, as well as the economic criterion, there is no significant difference between people and local management, which reflects the depth and breadth of the environmental problems of villages.

Dehayari, as the main organization of rural management in Iran, plays an important role in providing public services and organizing rural life Whether rural dwellers have different views from people on the livability of villages may not be a big problem in their own right, it can be a warning sign for institutions and oversight bodies to continuously evaluate the performance of their tasks in carrying out their duties. Peri urban villages are the backyard of urban perpetrators because of their proximity to cities, and they host a lot of urban problems. Those Dehraris which conduct surveys and awareness of villager's views and tendencies toward their performance, they become acquainted with issues and problems and can work to solve or reduce these issues. Without continuous knowledge of the extent to which progress is being made and the achievement of goals, and without identifying the challenges faced by the local management and gaining feedback, and being aware of the extent to which policies are being implemented and identifying those areas that require serious improvement, continuous improvement will not be possible.

The quality of the residential environment is one of the most important factors in improving the quality of life and well-being of rural communities. This study investigates the quality of the residential environment in rural areas around Shiraz. The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applied in terms of purpose. The data is collected from documentary and field methods. The statistical population of the study consisted of households living in and local managers of fourteen peri-urban villages in Shiraz county. The sample size was 398 rural households (370) and community managers (28). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. This was done with SPSS software. The results showed that the quality of the residential environment in the villages under study was below average. In terms of indices surveyed, there is a significant difference between sample villages. In addition, the results indicate that environmental health and safety-security indices have the highest and lowest contribution to the quality of residential environment.

The peri-urban villages are scenes of the formation, growth, and the continuity of opportunities and threats affecting the environmental quality and the way of supplying the needs of residents. Thus, assessing the livability of these villages as a new concept is of great importance in the literature of settlement planning. The study areas in this study include the peri-urban villages in the city of Varamin and in the vicinity of four cities in this region. What is considered in this study is the individual variables affecting the perception of livability in the peri-urban villages of Varamin located in Tehran Metropolis.
Theoretical Framework: Livability is a concept related to the number of concepts and terms such as sustainability, quality of environment, healthy communities, etc. Although definitions vary in different communities, the defined objectives of planning should be used to create native standards for livability. Livability is often used for defining the different dimensions of community and common experiences; it is usually focused on human experiences of place within the specified time and place. In addition, livability as a concept can be expanded or limited depending on the context in which it is defined. However, life quality is often at the center of attention in this concept and includes a wide range of measurable indicators with proven components including density, transportation, security, and sustainability. Livability, however, is an interconnected concept derived from the economic, environmental and social concepts, which aims at preventing its one dimensional and reductive state. Therefore, there should be a network of relationships between various domains in terms of livability standards. Vergunst (2003) introduced a framework for livability in Aspinge rural area in Sweden. In this context, the livability is a product of interaction between local residents, community life, service level, physical location, and local economy. Local population, demographic structure (age and gender), and lifestyle are among important factors in this regard. Service level refers to communications services, schools, stores, and homes for the elderly.
Research method used in the study is analytical-descriptive. Indicators and indexes of livability in urban and rural settlements extracted and then complete with the conditions in the per-urban villages. In this study, Cochran method for sampling is used. Based on the number of resident families living in these villages, 380 people were selected. To increase the accuracy of the results, 400 questionnaires were designed, distributed, and completed. , Meanwhile, some experts were consulted with to assess the validity of the questionnaire. As for But for reliability of the 30 questionnaire provided and distributed between the residents in four rural villages in the vicinity of each of the cities and towns in the cities of Varamin, Qarchak,, Pishva and Javadabad. To measure the reliability of questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used. The Cronbach’s alpha obtained in this study was 0.955.
The relationship between individual characteristics and livability indices has been studied in this study as the main dependent variable. Thus, Phi and Cramer's correlation method was used to explore the variable of education with a ordinal scale, the variables of age and the duration of residence in the village with an interval scale, and also the variables of gander and occupation with a nominal scale. There is no significant relationship between the variable of gender with any of the indicators except for entertainment and leisure time; however, there is a statistically significant relationship between the variable of occupation in the individuals in charge and the indicators of public transport and green and open spaces. Of all education levels of respondents with no livability indicators, there is no statistically significant relationship. Finally, there is a relationship between the duration of residence in the village and the indicators of employment, income, and the sense of continuity and belonging to the place and its landscape. No relationship was found between the age, education, and livability in the villages under study. In fact, people of different ages and with different levels of education have the same attitudes towards the environmental needs, which can bring about positive aspects of the issue. This is due to the fact that the difference in attitudes between people of different ages in these villages is low, whereas low-literate and illiterate people are also aware of their civil rights and their attitudes do not show any significant differences with the attitudes of people with higher education and/or university education.
It is a general assumption that per-urban villages provide more appropriate and desirable levels of livability for their residents due to the special geographical locations; however, the results of the study indicate that the situation in per-urban villages of Varamin is quite different.

Abstract The physical collapse of city peripheral villages for physical undirected growth faced these villages with numerous challenges in economic and social fields. Therefore, conducting local projects in the country such as Hadi Projects is essential to reform the existing conditions and physical development of these villages. This study aimed to assess the practical impact of physical development projects on the Marivan peripheral villages by means of a descriptive - analytical method and data collection through library studies and field surveys based on stratified random distribution questionnaire among 250 households of the villages and 13 regional's rural development experts. Seeking to identify the current status of the villages, and solutions for their optimal physical development. Determining the sample size using the Cochran formula from among 1122 households in the sample villages and determining the share of each village from the total number of questionnaires by stratified method. The analysis of collected data by using descriptive, average index(One sample chi do and T inferential statistics) and weighting of Indices with Delphi method in EXPERT CHOICE software And prioritize them with the VIKOR technique show the Hadi projects have resulted in the physical development of villages, According to the average calculated sum of 3.50, the satisfactory level causes the physical development of the studied villages. In this case, the quality dimension of the passages with the average calculated 3.62 has the highest improvement of the condition of conducting the designsand Ney village has had the highest level of influence and physical development.

Theory of livability first time was formed on the Abraham Maslow''s work (1945) on human needs. Based on that، people first try to resolve their basic needs and then needs of the higher layers. Physiological needs are basic human needs in his life Such as air، food، water، warmth، sleep، health and sexual satisfaction. Livability have been accepted and appreciated by both residents and planners to create sustainable living spaces، practical and enjoyable work. More livable settlements، creates a greater sense of community ownership and lower rates of immigration. This section examines the impact of access to services on the livability of the villages we studied. Thus Scalogram and Morris methods are used which are approaches to graded levels of rural services and rural development. To determine the relationship between level of service and rural livability، the Pearson correlation method were used. Correlation coefficient has been established between livability score for each village and development of services in the Morris method. There is no statistical relationship between the two. This correlation between each livability dimension was measured by having the service have been measured. No significant relationship observes between the dimensions and having services.

Suburban villages are important because of their spatial and functional proximity, according to their livability level and the role of local management, as well as their own attractions and tourism conditions. In the last two decades, managers and policymakers who were involved in developing such areas, have sought to strengthen and diversify income sources for the residents of these areas and plan to organize activities and programs in suburban areas. One of these sources is the foundation and development of tourism in suburban areas using their own attractions.Suburban tourism is a different aspect of visitors' travel outside their homes and cities to the surrounding areas for vacations, enjoying day and short-term trips, recreation, fishing, and hunting, being in the heart of nature. This includes meetings with friends and relatives. In addition, taking advantage of silence and peace, fresh air, wide open spaces, and escaping from urban congestion are enjoyable.The literature on rural development management shows that institutions, as formal and informal organizations, play an undeniable role in environmental and territorial management behaviors, including village quality. Local administration (including village administration and village Islamic council) can effectively increase the quality of life and tourism capacity. In addition, constructive interactions between local managers and residents play a significant role in the overall development of the village.With the development of livability, the possibility of tension and conflict between people and tourists will decrease, more participation in planning and decision-making in the tourism industry will be made, and the sustainable tourism development will be realized; therefore, it is necessary toinvestigate the role of local management in the development of livability, and then analyze the role of livability in the development of tourism in suburban villages.Allahabad village of Yazd province, because of its close location to the city of Zarch and its relatively long history, when having historical attractions belonging to before Islam and the peaceful coexistence of Zoroastrian and Muslim residents, is in the category of famous and interesting villages of Yazd. Despite the tourism capacities, the local administration's lack of attention to these capacities has caused problems for the village. By identifying weaknesses and being aware of opportunities with the comprehensive cooperation of local managers and residents, the path to achieving the development of livability and tourism in this suburban area can be made smoother. The present research deals with the analysis of rural management of Allahabad in increasing the quality of life and tourism development in this region, and aims to achieve accurate results in line with the purpose of the research.The notable feature of the current research is that it analyses four different dimensions of livability with local management in a village and believes that if there is a direct relationship between local management and the livability of the village in all dimensions, then with the improvement of management, a place can achieve optimal livability and provide the basis for tourism development. Therefore, the present study attempts to address the research gap by examining the relationship between the three factors of local management, livability, and tourism development potential in a village around the city.

The research method used is a descriptive-correlation type of research in terms of its practical purpose with a survey nature and according to the way of data collection. The statistical population of this research included all the local residents of Allahabad village in Yazd in April 2022 (5573 people based on the census of the whole country in 2015) and 363 people were selected as the research sample by using random sampling and using Cochran's formula.In this research, a questionnaire designed with four sections including variables of local management, economic, social and environmental viability was used in the form of a five-item Likert scale from completely disagree (1) to completely agree (5). The validity of the questionnaire was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. In order to investigate the relationship between research variables, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used and finally the research hypotheses were tested with the structural equation model.

The average of local administration (village administration and village Islamic council) (M=2.78) in a five-choice spectrum showed that the respondents evaluated local administration (village administration and village Islamic council) at an average level. The average dimensions of economic, social and environmental viability showed that the respondents rated these three variables as average. Economic, social and environmental viability has a significant and direct relationship with local management (village Islamic council).The intensity of the relationship between economic environment and local management (village Islamic council) is reasonable but higher than other variables (r=0.81, p<.001). Social viability is most related to economic viability. Compared to social viability and local management (village administration and village Islamic council), environmental viability is more related to economic viability (r=0.79, p<.001). The results of the correlation prove that with the improvement of the situation of local management (village administration and village Islamic council), the economic, social and environmental viability will also improve. In the final model, although local governance has a direct impact on economic viability, it also has a direct impact on social viability. Another finding showed that local management has a direct impact on environmental viability.

The results of the research findings show that economic, social and environmental viability has a direct and meaningful relationship with local management (village administration and village Islamic council), and the intensity of the relationship between economic viability and local management is greater than other variables. Also, the results of examining the correlation of variables show the direct relationship between local management and livability in terms of improving the situation, and the final model of the research confirms the direct relationship between local management and livability dimensions.Examining the relationship between the local management of villages around the city with different aspects of livability comprehensively and the development of tourism as a new source of employment in these human settlements is one of the innovations of the present research. The results of this research regarding the direct and meaningful relationship between rural management and the Islamic Council with livability, especially in the economic dimension, indicate that the managers' attention to the economic components of livability, such as providing the possibility of obtaining tourism jobs for young villagers, using the tourism capacities of the village, improving the level of knowledge and awareness of the residents, emphasizing the preservation of their cultural identity and effective marketing in the field of introducing the positive aspects of tourism in the village of Allahabad, such as its antiquity, proximity to the city, historical attractions and the peaceful coexistence of followers of two different religions, the level of development sustainable tourism have improved the livability index of Allahabad village and consequently it is effective in increasing the quality of life of the villagers and the desire of the young people to stay and preserve their rural identity.

The livability is a new concept in rural planning to be taken into consideration after attention to the quality of rural life. Livability theory first formed based on the work of Abraham Maslow’s theory on human needs. The theory in the quality of life issues generally have been developed by Veenhoven believes the “Common Sense«results better life for people when they live in a better and more livable community. In peri-urban villages due to its special status، quality of life and environmental conditions have been challenging more than other villages. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the livability of peri-urban villages. Assessing the livability of these rural areas due to the unique characteristics such as proximity to the city، immigration، quick land changes، and the outbreak of infection is so important. The research methodology، from the data collection viewpoint is survey and attributive، and the approach is descriptive - analytic. The results show that the unique features of the villages forming the specific patterns of livability and makes the whole livability of the village in a no acceptable condition. It is in contrast to the common view of the opposite effect of distance on quality of life in rural areas and is in line with the views of urban planners about quality of life in urban fringe areas.

The villages around the city are simultaneously the scene of formation, growth and continuation of opportunities and threats that affect the quality of life and the way to meet the needs of the residents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of welfare services and quality of life in Surrounding Villages of Zanjan city. This study was conducted by cross-sectional survey on 333 villagers of Zanjanrud-e Bala rural district. The samples were randomly selected from the selected villages by stratified sampling method. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the hypotheses by SPSS software. The results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between having welfare facilities and economic, social and environmental quality of life; and a negative and significant relationship between welfare facilities and quality of life with the variable distance from the city. The villages close to the city have a lower level of social welfare, and in contrast, far from the city, the higher the facilities. In addition, people assess the level of welfare facilities and quality of life for the economic dimension as moderate to low and significantly moderate to high for the social and environmental dimensions and a significant difference was between facilities and quality of life. Multiple regression showed independent variables together predict 12.6% of the variance of the quality of life. In general, people have assessed the quality of life along with the welfare facilities of the village as moderate to low and are more deprived..