The question of whether the extension of the approach of contemporary philosophers of language to the language of the law belongs to legal hermeneutics or not, depends on the definition of Legal hermeneutics and its scope. The basic question that can be articulated in this regard is that the relation between the philosophical approach of Herbert Hart, the contemporary philosopher, and Legal hermeneutics. In other words, does Hart’s view of language of law, which is discussed in the book of the concept of law and under the influence of contemporary philosopher John Langshaw Austin, has a hermeneutical background?It seems that, if we consider the scope of Legal hermeneutics in a broad sense, Hart’s interpretive approach to legal principles as well as judicial procedures that accompany with criticizing the authenticity of legal form and defense of the rule skepticism, can be regarded as one of the most prominent examples of Legal hermeneutics. Through this approach, it can be claimed that contemporary philosophy of language, by discussing the language and meaning of the law, has a significant potential for the development of hermeneutical knowledge of law.

Law is the most important rule and norm in modern life, which regulates the state’s relations with the citizens and the citizens with each other. Every law belongs to a legal system, and it is not unreasonable to say that the value of a legal system depends on the efficiency and quality of the law. The law quality is further determined in the formal and pre-legislative stages, in which the language of the law is of greater importance than in the other stages. All members of society communicate with the law through language. Language plays a constructive role in the functioning of law since the legislator expresses his intentions through words. Thus, it becomes clear that language and law are deeply related. The way language is used in law reflects the quality of the law. Accordingly, explaining the role of language in the legal system helps to know how language works and is used in law and becomes a roadmap to properly writing the law. As a result, this research introduced the knowledge of forensic linguistics through documentary methods and explained the importance of language in the legal system.

One of the sources of creating legal language and literature is the establishment of regulations. Since legislation deals with the order and security of society and is also analyzed by researchers in some fields such as law, literature, linguistics, and ethics, it is necessary to complete it by following strict criteria. One of the most important criteria of correct legislation is diligence and efficiency in the quality of regulations, which is considered today as a complement to the principle of legality of the criminal phenomenon. The quality of regulations requires that the discourse of the law should not be broad and vague, and the importance of this in criminal regulations is twofold; so that it does not need to be interpreted except in exceptional cases. It seems that today, for the Iranian legislator, no specific ethical standards have been defined and implemented for this matter. Considering that voluntary and conscious decision-making legislation and voluntary actions are subject to the value of moral judgment, therefore it is subject to ethical requirements and in terms of the moral responsibility of the legislator, we consider compliance with the quality of the regulations as a good and correct decision.And among the most important moral duties of the legislator, we consider compliance with this importance and paying attention to the teachings of the language of the law as a means of communication and information. In line with the management and prevention of quality violations, the regulations as one of the most important rules of ethics of the legislator, paying attention to the quality of the legislator and observing the written, editorial and literary rules and the existence of a special institution for writing and compiling laws as well as evaluating their quality, consisting of law Scholars, writers, linguists, sociologists, ethicists and other science experts are needed and basing laws on interdisciplinary research between ethics, literature, law and linguistics can be a way forward. Of course, since no matter how much attention and care is taken in this regard, there is a possibility of ambiguity, silence, conflict, etc. in the regulations. To benefit in the proceedings as well as judicial procedure. The criterion we consider in order to determine the quality level of regulations is fuzzy logic; the most important factor in the lack of regulation quality is the legislator's incomplete understanding of legal language and interdisciplinary studies. Also, the preparation and approval of the "Comprehensive Ethical Legislator Document" regarding the ethical principles and rules of this area and related issues and issues, as well as the ethical audit of regulations, and the approval of a lesson and chapter entitled "Professional Ethics of Legislators" with an interdisciplinary approach between literature, Linguistics, ethics and law are suggested by the Ministry of Science along with the course on the principles and techniques of law-making. The most important thing is to try to establish and promote "ethical culture" through the creation of interdisciplinary discourse and critique of the above topic, among the students of law, ethics, philosophy, literature and linguistics faculties, and to promote the study of world literature in the society.

Many late Sunni jurists have designed jurisprudential-legal structures. These structures have two aspects; this means that they have used two scientific structures. The current paper follows this theory that the later Sunnis (from Zarqa) designed their jurisprudence structures according to the science of law. They have tried to bring jurisprudential structures closer to legal structures. Some Sunni jurists have designed the structure of jurisprudence based on law (Zohayli and Shaltut structure), but others have gone too far and have adopted the structure of jurisprudence from the science of law. The second method is not suitable for designing the structure of jurisprudence, although it may be defended in the legislative structure; because the language of the law must be international. In this paper, six of the most important structures of legal-jurisprudential are critically examined and their advantages and shortcomings are dealt with. These structures are Zarqa structure in al-Fiqh al-Islami fi Thawbah al-Jadid; The structure of Khalaf in Ilm Usul al-Fiqh; Shaltut structure in Al-Islam Aqidah va Shariah; The structure of Islamic jurisprudence in Al-Mawsu'ah al-Fiqhiyah al-Kuwaitiyah; The structure of Wahaba Zohayli in al-Fiqh al-Islam va Adilah; and the structure of Jamal Atiyah in Tajdid al-Fiqh al-Islami.

following by the government of the “principle of the rule of law” and definition of the rights, freedoms and duties of the people, it requires that in order to be aware of these rights and duties, the laws should be made available to the public through publication. but the mere publication of the law is not enough to be aware of rights and duties. so it is also necessary that the content of the law must be understood by the people. The present study revolves around the central question of: Although the language of the law must be technical, how should it be formulated so that it can be understood by the people while accurately conveying the purpose of the legislature? The research approach is descriptive-analytical and library method was used to collect the research data. Upon examination, it became clear that the ambiguity factors in the law were divided into linguistic and non-linguistic ambiguity factors. Linguistic factors are the writing factors that are required in all texts, especially legal texts; non-linguistic factors include such as the multiplicity of legislative authorities, sporadic legislation, and so on. Finally, given the philosophy of law, which is the creation of rights and obligations for individuals in society, laws need to be expressed in a language that the general public can understand, although the use of standard language and simplification should not go so far as to Affect the accuracy of expression of laws and provide tools for legal abuses.

Difficulties of the legal language is something that everyone has heard something about that and may have ideas about the problem. It is being said that the way to solve the problem with the legal language is that we try to write the articles of the codes in an easy language and method and to use editing instruments. From a linguistic point of view it is not just the matter of easy writing but it is a problem which needs some basic theoretical hypothesis to show us a scientific method to deal with the problem. In this study, subject matter analysis is done through the functional approach as proposed and outlined in Halliday’s approach. The author believes that it is not enough to consider the linguistic character of the articles of the legal codes or the texts of law, but we needs to consider instead the communicative aspects and the way the legislator convey the massage. This paper aims to study how the Criminal Procedure Code of Iran to convey meaning and to communicate and transfer message to the audience based on Halliday’s functionalism regarding communicative and functional roles of language. Based on that approach, the Code is expected to communicate with the audience and convey meaning and message through a variety of linguistic functions. Each article in the code contains a variety of actions and topics which the legislator tries to convey to the audience using linguistic and metalinguistic factors. In this paper an attempt is made to represent the three experimental, interpersonal and textual metafunctions in the articles of the Code. Legal mechanisms, expressed through language propositions, are subordinate to the contextual and structural requirements of language for meaning. Functional theory defines three metafunctions as contextual and structural requirements for expressing any linguistic contents. To consider the empirical-logical, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions is necessary to analyze the difficulties of the legal language in general and the language of the law in special. The key question is: what is this difficulty? The functional hypothesis is that this difficulty lies in the way information is presented by the text and in the way the text to communicate. By focusing on Articles 1 to 7 of the Criminal Procedure Code of 2013, The present paper showed that in these articles, passive structure of the verb, substitution of the subject with the abstract expressions and conversion of concrete verbs to ideational create a huge amount of interpretation imposed on the reader. It has implicated the role of judicial authorities in the exercise of power in the form of constructive and empirical and material constituent elements in cases where they must be held accountable. This form of information gives a dominant position to the judicial authorities against the accused in contrast with the protection of civil rights enshrined in Article 7. Findings confirmed the desirable performance of the functional theory in the field of the articles of the Code. Halliday’s Functionalism shows that the main problem in respect with the articles of the Criminal Procedure Code is not just restricted to the linguistic features but the main problem arises from the communicative strategies which the legislator uses to convey meaning to the audience. In this way the interpretive implications have the most parasitic role which do not let the audience easily communicate and direct with the message being conveyed. The results of this study showed that a proper packaging of Information, regarding the functional aspects, is a useful way to achieve the goals of an easy writing movements too. Proper packaging of information, will help us resolve the difficulties in both sides of writing and communicating.

This article reports the result of a research in forensic linguistics in Persian. Some syntactic and lexical properties of the Persian civil law were studied with the use of content analysis. The findings of the research revealed that in the syntactic aspect, 34.06 percent of clauses include impersonal, middle and passive constructions; the highest percentage belongs to impersonal ones (14.62 %); sentences are mostly complex (45.79 %) and compound-complex (33.17 %). As for the lexical aspect, the number of technical terms form 25.67 of the total number of words in the corpus, which is the highest percentage of lexical-type whereas cliché words form the lowest percentage of 2.82. Moreover, lexical collocations form 31.98 percent of the corpus. The last finding is that the lack of redundancy in the text of the Persian civil law has resulted in its complexity.

Cultural language in the Mashroute Constitution (1906) and its discourse is the main subject of this article، obviously the relation between language and politics in modern age is an important problem. The main idea of this article is that the main cause of political reading and wrong interpretations about language in modern age refers to «politicization» and «industrialization». My interpretation about silence of Mashroute constitution about language (national language) is a clear evidence about consent of parliament and all of local associations on the natural stability or language (Farsi) continuity in Iran; as a national and common heritage to all Iranian. Here are the signs of postulating of Farsi as the national language in all documents and act of parliament; especially in constitution and other acts and documents such as the act of associations and local government (Eyalaty & Velayati).

Law usually is taken into consideration after that it is made. But a law also has abstract bases that after making law we look for those bases to find the purpose of legislator and making an authentic interpretation of law. But the will of legislator, firstly is said by means of words, so language is the way through it we reach meaning of Law, in other word language is the way that through it Law is manifests itself. Therefore it is worthy to study the effects of linguistics features on Law when it is maid or interpreted. For the first step, connection between Law and Language should be clarified. Language, itself, is explored from a different kinds of perspective (e.g. philosophical, linguistic, semantic…), two recent centuries, linguistic views in philosophy have been dominated and it shows its importance. Furthermore, use of linguistic branches is developing in humanities. Also in Law, nowadays, many researchers have a linguistic aspect. This essay is going to introduce this perspective, the viewpoint that problems of law can be studied from linguistic perspective.