Today soil pollution by heavy metals especially in industrial regions is one of the major health problems. This research was done to investigate the effect of pistachio residues biochar on decreasing soil cadmium (Cd) stress in shallot in a soil treated with Zarandieh municipal waste compost.
The present study is an experimental study has been done on the Cd polluted soil as a factorial experiment in the layout of randomized completely block design. Treatments were consisting of applying municipal waste compost at the rates of 0, 10 and 15 t ha-1 and applying pistachio residues biochar (0 and 15 gr kg-1) and the cd polluted soil at the rates of 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg cd kg-1 soil. The Zarandieh municipal waste compost and pistachio residues biochar were added to the soil and after the end of the experiment; root and shoot Cd concentration and catalase enzyme activity were measured. Means comparisons were done by LSD test at a probability level of 5%.
Applying 15 g kg-1 pistachio residues biochar in a Cd polluted soil (20 mg Cd kg-1 soil) treated with 15 t ha-1 municipal waste compost caused a significant decrease in root and shoot Cd concentration by 12 and 9%, respectively. In addition, the root and shoot catalase, enzyme activity was also decreased.
The results of this experiment showed that applying Zarandieh municipal waste compost with pistachio residues biochar can decrease the plant Cd stress. However, the role of type and plant variety on the amount of decreasing Cd stress cannot be ignored

Leadership has always been one of the key and at the same time the most complex issues in the field of organizational management studies. Over time, and in proportion to the increasing volume and complexity of organizational environments, the concept of leadership has become more important; In the view of some management experts, leadership is the main structure of the organization's activities and the main factor determining the success or failure of an organization. However, with the development of technology, the management and leadership styles of the organization have also changed; But what has impacted the leadership of organizations more than any other technology is a leap known as digital technology. Digital technology, a set of profound developments and changes in organizations and businesses; In the field of activities, processes, capabilities and business models that allow them to be able to use the opportunities arising from the development and promotion of technology and the resulting changes in their development in different communities and use them in line with their strategies and priorities. Take advantage. In the digital age, anything is possible at the speed of light. Companies can build and test new products much faster and cheaper than before, for example through digital simulations, 3D printing prototypes or small application products. At the same time, innovation strategists need to engage with a wider playing field in addition to adapting themselves to the pace of innovation. For example, it is no longer a competitive advantage in products, but in the digital services that are provided for those products. The main purpose of this study is to identify and rank the effective factors in preparing for digital transformation leadership in schools of Zarandieh city, so it can be said that the present study is a descriptive-survey research in terms of purpose in the field of applied research and data collection method. The statistical population in this study has used the perspective of school staff in Zarandieh (800 in total). Using Morgan table, the minimum sample size required was 181 people. To be more sure, 200 school staff in Zarandieh were selected by random sampling method. Two questionnaires were used to collect data. The first questionnaire was provided to the experts to rank the factors. Questionnaire two is a standard questionnaire that has been provided to employees to assess the status of factors. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using content validity. Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire is 0.813, so the questionnaire has good reliability. The Savara method has been used to rank and determine the importance of the factors influencing the readiness to lead the digital transformation. T-test was used to assess the status of each factor. Finally, the final results of the study were evaluated using significance-performance analysis. The Savara method has been used for effective factors in preparing for digital transformation leadership. The Sawara method stands for Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis. The Savara method is one of the new multi-criteria decision making methods that was introduced in 2010 by Violeta Kershaline along with Zavadskas and Turskis. This method is used to calculate the weight of the criteria. Based on the research findings, practical suggestions are provided to school principals in Zarandieh. Relevant managers should help strengthen digital literacy by developing a digital vision. Existence of mental agility, quick adaptation and fast learning are effective in creating readiness to lead the digital transformation in the educational institutions of Zarandieh city. Also, increasing the focus on students and developing software facilities in order to respond to them, is one of the important pillars in establishing digital transformation leadership in educational institutions of Zarandieh city, which should be considered by the relevant managers. The meritocracy and ideal influence of the relevant principals have caused the mental encouragement of people to the written goals and individual attention and considerations in the schools of Zarandieh city should be considered more than before. In order to be ready to lead the digital transformation in the schools of Zarandieh city, it is necessary to pay more attention to increasing the authority of the specialized forces and supporting digital educational programs. Strengthening creativity and innovation among the principals and staff of Zarandieh schools will provide the preconditions for replacing the traditional activities of electronic methods, and finally the leadership of digital transformation will be established in the schools of Zarandieh city. This study also had some limitations. Lack of adequate scientific support and localized knowledge about digital transformation leadership has created limitations. Lack of operational experience and accurate statistics on digital transformation leadership in schools is another constraint. Due to the existing limitations, future researchers are recommended to conduct studies to conceptualize the discussion of digital transformation leadership with a theoretical perspective and from a technical perspective to deal with methods of implementing the digital transformation leadership model.Strengthening creativity and innovation among the principals and staff of Zarandieh schools will provide the preconditions for replacing the traditional activities of electronic methods, and finally the leadership of digital transformation will be established in the schools of Zarandieh city. This study also had some limitations. Lack of adequate scientific support and localized knowledge about digital transformation leadership has created limitations. Lack of operational experience and accurate statistics on digital transformation leadership in schools is another constraint.

Cervical cancer is the commonest malignancy among women in developing countries. Pap smear is only one proven strategy for the prevention by diagnosis of cervical cancer. The assessment of Health Belief Model construct about the performance s of Pap smear Test and its effective factors among Women's urban centers in Zarandieh. This is a cross-sectional analytical study carried out with 265 Urban Women in Zarandieh. This survey was done by completing a questionnaire based on health belief model. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, independent samples t-test, logistic regression and descriptive statistics. The mean age of participants was 34.6 ± 4.25 years, and the mean score of all the constructs in this group was higher than that in the group with no history of pap smear (P<0.001).The most common reasons for testing was recommendation by health workers (71%). Among those who were never tested, low levels of perceived susceptibility (79%) were the most common barrier. Significant differences were detected between those tested and not tested in mean of score of all the variables HBM (sensitivity, benefits, barriers, threat and intensity perceived)) p<0.001). Based on the findings of this study, health care professionals must design educational program about cervical cancer in which both the benefits of Pap smear test and other HBM constructs including sensitivity are utilized.

Despite the fact that cervical cancer is highly preventable, it still continues to occur, even among women who have access to cancer screening and treatment services. This study aimed to determine the effect of health education program based on Health Belief Model on the performance pap smear test. This random clinical trial was carried out on 120 women in Zarandieh. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire based on Health Belief Model which was completed by the participants. After the analysis of pre-test results, the educational program was designed and the experimental group participated in 3 educational sessions during one week. Two months after the intervention, a post-test was performed and analyzed using t-test، t-paired and x2. Our findings indicated that mean scores of HBM Model constructs (self-efficacy, susceptibility, severity, benefit and barriers perceived) were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the controls after the intervention. Also, performance of pap smear test increased significantly among the experimental group as compared to the controls after the intervention (P<0. 01) (before intervention 30%, after intervention 53. 9% in the experimental group). Health education programs are recommended to use the theories and models of changing of individual's behavior in organization levels for to Help Plan Effective Programs as the uptake of cervical cancer screening (Pap smear).

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide and although pap smear is considered as an effective screening program, the level of using screening is low. The purpose of this study is pap smear test structures for measuring health belief model and factors affecting women in urban centers covered Zarandieh. This was a cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical) which included 265 Urban Women's in Zarandieh. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire included demographic variables and knowledge and health belief model questions. Data was analyzed using chi-square tests, Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, at the significance level of p<0.05. Significant differences were detected between those tested and not tested in mean of score knowledge and all the variables HBM (sensitivity, benefits, barriers, threat and intensity perceived),)p<0.001). The HBM constructs, age, level of study and knowledge accounted for 30.8% of the variance observed for Pap test. Perceived susceptibility and benefit were the most important predicting factors. These findings can be used to guide the development of more effective educational programs and increase the amount of women’s participation in Pap smear.

Almost all active women of reproductive age are at risk of unwanted pregnancy، reducing the rate of which is recognized as a priority for health care professionals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Health Education Program based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on preventive behaviors of unwanted pregnancy among Women with history of previous high risk pregnancy in Zarandieh. This case-control research was carried out on 97 married women of age 15 to 49 who were admitted at health center of Zarandieh. A random multiple-stage sampling was used and divided into 48 subjects as case group and 49 subjects as control group. A questionnaire based on HBM was prepared whose validity and reliability was approved and given to samples. Based on the data achieved from the pre-test، an educational program was designed and applied on the case group. Three months after intervention، a second evaluation was conducted by the same questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using t-test،paired t-test and chi-square. P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results showed that before training intervention، the mean score of knowledge، preventive behaviors، and all constructs of HBM were more than mediate. After training intervention، significant difference was observed in all variables of both groups (p<0. 05). Also، rate of case group''s using coitus interrupt was decreased from 40% to 9. 65%. Health education program designed based on Health Belief Model has had a positive effect on the preventive behaviors of unwanted pregnancy and may have an effective role on decreasing unwanted pregnancy incidence rate in women’s.

The Zarandieh district is situated approximately 42 km northeast Saveh (Markazi province) and in the northwestern part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt. In this area, mineralization is hosted by Eocene andesitic lava and Oligo-Miocene diorite and gabbroic rocks. According to the geochemical evidence, parental magma of igneous rocks is calc-alkaline, metaluminous and related to continental margin volcanic arcs. Mineralization has been observed as veins, veinlets and brecciated forms in diorite and gabbroic rocks. The main ore mineral is chalcopyrite and associated with pyrite, bornite, oligist, chalcocite, covellite, neotosit, native copper, malachite, azurite, chrysocolla, goethite and limonite. Cu grade in the ore samples are varied from 0.04 to 1.7 % (0.40 % in average). Statistical analyses of geochemical data from mineralized samples by Pearson method displayed that Cu has maximum correlation with Ag, As, Zn, Cd and Pb, respectively. Microthermometry studies of fluid inclusions show that the average homogenization temperature is 195° C and the average salinity of 23 wt% NaCl. The Zarandieh Copper mineralization is closely related to hydrothermal vein copper deposit types.

(1-22) The Zarandieh county is located in north of Markazi province and northwest Central Plateau of Iran (Figure 1). The capital of the county is Mamuniyeh and this city is located 80 km from Tehran and 30 km from Saveh. From archaeological point of view, this region is located between Central Zagros mountainous and Central Plateau of Iran. Despite of its proximity well known regions of Central Zagros mountainous and Central Plateau of Iran, it is archaeologically poorly known. Our information about the archaeology of Zarandieh region is restricted to Azem zadeh᾽s work in 1970s, who conducted 3 season archaeological survey in the Saveh and Zarandieh region. Then R. Rezalo conducted a systematic survey at Qhaznak Tape in 2001. Other archaeological activities include the sounding and excavation at Meshken Tape in 2007 and 2008 by Nouri shadmahani and M. Nemati and also excavation and systematic survey at Qhaznak Tape in 2007. In 2008, an archaeological survey conducted by Hanan Bahranipour mainly to identify the settlements pattern and recording of archaeological sites of Zarandieh region. The most important aim of the first season of archaeological survey was identification of the possible sites in this landscape, providing the archaeological map of the area and completing the previous archaeological survey. This project has been directed by intensive survey and also information gathered from local people to recognized and register ancient sites; the process of sampling the uncovered sites was then carried out by collecting typical finds which finally resulted in identification of ancient sites. Despite the number of known settlement sites, so far no systematic archaeological studies have been done on this period and the different aspects of these settlements are unknown. The one season of the survey and exploration resulted in the identification of 99 sites in Zarandieh region (Figure 3). Results from survey areas document a sequence of occupation from prehistory to the Late Islamic period. Among them, 19 sites belonged to prehistoric period (Figure 4), 6 sites (Figure 8) to historical period (Parthian and Sasanian periods) and 84 sites belonging to Islamic period (Figure 10). Islamic sites include big sites, mound, mosque, Imamzādeh, bridge, ice- house, caravansary, cistern, fortress, cemetery, bath, Pigeon tower and etc.The present study is based on two categories of historical and archaeological information which has provided new information about Zarandieh region. The study method included fieldwork and secondary research with a descriptive–analytical approach. Extent, spatial distribution of the sites and introduce different cultural periods of the Zharandieh region and their continuity and discontinuance was the other aims of this study. Geomorphological observations suggest that number of the sites has been located on natural hills (Figure 2). All prehistoric sites are located just near seasonal or perennial streams or rivers. According to the surface materials (such as pottery, lithic, tail, clay pipes (Tanpusheh) and so on) and architectural character or style the mentioned sites belonging to Chalcolithic era to the late Islamic period. Most of sites were being introduced for the first time. However, the some sites, including most notably Gobur qaleh Si, Qaleh garbi Varame and Qaleh shargi contain cultural remains from multiple occupations. We could not identify the Paleolithic and Neolithic episodes yet. But in 2007, Nemati discovered a Paleolithic open site. Zarandieh region divided in to two main zones of plain and mountains. This area contains sequential settlements beginning right from prehistoric period till the late Islamic period. The recorded sites and monuments mostly are located in Zarandieh plain and Kharaghan mountain foothill. Chalcolithic period trace is recognized in 8 sites. The ceramic assemblage of this period can be divided into two major groups: Buff Ware and red Ware; the former contains both plain and painted ceramic. These samples are comparable to ceramics obtained from sites in the Central Plateau and central Zagros such as Tape Sialk in the Kashan Plain, Godin tape in Kangavar plain, Tape Sagz Abad and Tape Ghabrestan in the Qazvin Plain, Tape Qelā Gap and Shat Ghilah in Malayer. In the Bronze period, number of the sites decrease and Tape Gaznak is the largest site in this period. The area of occupation is more than 20 Hectar. The presence of deformed pottery pots and furnace residue are the evidences of pottery production in this area.  Also a very large ocher mine is located near this site. Evidence of metal slag has been found in this area. Based on this survey it seems that during historical period number of sites is rare and the number decreases. We identified no site of The Achaemenid and Seleucid period. We identified only 6 sites belong to Parthian and Sasanian periods. Parthian ceramics are varies from buff, orange to red type. A number of these ceramics have mostly impress, curved and raised decorations (Figure 9). Also these types of ceramics show the cultural relations with Qale’ Yazdgird, Khurhe, Parthian domain of Bisotun and Sang-e Shir Cemetery in Hamedan and etc. Most surveyed sites dated to the Islamic period, mainly middle and late Islamic period. In the Islamic period, the number increases drastically, reaching 84. It seems that in this period, the sites are located mostly in side plain. The sites including settlements, mosque, Imam zādeh, bridge, ice- house, caravansary, watering place, fortress, cemetery, bath, Pigeon tower and small and large mounded sites. In this period, the human settlements have been focused on the rivers and water resources for example Qanats. The Zarandieh region populated during the Islamic period and formed towns and villages in Zarandieh plain. The recorded sites mostly belong to Seljuk period and Ilkhanid era. One of the major cities of Iran, which was on the Silk Road, is Moshkoye located between Hamedan, Saveh and Rayy. Based on historical and archeological evidences (for example pottery and architecture) one site proposed as the probable location of the city which is Moshkin Tape in Zarandieh township. Moshkin Tape has been most important in regard to settlement patterns from 10 to 13 century A.D. The name of the city of Moshkoye appears in the books of authors such as Ibn Hawqal, Ibn ḵurdādbih, Ibn Rusta, Istakhri, Jayhani, Maghdasi and so on. In Islamic period, presence of ceramic tripods, plugs (stoppers) and deformed fragments attest to their local production at Moshkin Tape (Figure 11), Tape Abdollah Abad and Tape Shirin Chai. The ceramic types in Zarandieh region include the unglazed simple wares, molded wares, monochrome glaze, added motifs, wares, Sgraffiato, splashed glaze wares, lusterware. The distribution of the sites and their positions compare to the Rivers (Shirin Rood, Adramneh Chai, Rood Shur, and Maasum Rood) indicate that these rivers have played an important role for the populations who used to live in this geographical region during the prehistoric to Islamic times. The investigation is not now complete and the considerable amount of material and data and excavation of the major sites is currently being studied leading to full publication of the results. Inquiring into the features of the recognized sites, this article focuses on cultural periods and the nature of their settlement patterns. The results of the survey of Zarandieh County promise a clear outlook on the oncoming archaeological research projects depending on the pre- defined questions which certainly will be followed by brilliant consequences.

Bayati is the predominant form of lyric poetry in the Turkish language. Bayatis have various themes (lyrical, social, historical and religious) and for this reason, they are recited in numerous celebrations and ceremonies. Bayatis are also a mirror of the beliefs, customs, temperament and aspirations of the Turkish-speakers and they are therefore of great importance. Fortunately, in recent years, in the light of popular literature in different parts of the country, good researches have been done on Bayatis, especially the Bayatis of the Azerbaijani people, but a close examination shows the Bayatis on other Turkish-speaking areas, including Zarandieh in Markazi Province. But no special research has been done and for this area, in this article, the villages of Hakimebad, Qasemabad and Sadrabad villages of Zarandieh city have been collected by field method and reviewed by content analysis method (descriptive-analytical approach). In this study, it has been determined that there are more than one hundred Bayatis with different themes in these three villages, but lyrical Bayatis have the highest frequency. These Bayatis, like the Azerbaijani Bayatis, are four-syllable and syllabic, but because in some of them the quantity of syllables is not observed, pause and break play an important role in arranging the melody. Most of them have rhymes; Like many Turkish Bayatis, the first shutters are the introduction and the main theme is expressed in the final shutters. Most of the characteristics of popular poetry, including the simplicity of words and language, the scarcity of literary terms and the uncharacteristic nature of the poet, are generally not much different from the Azeri verses.