The topic of this study is to compare the absolute threshold of readability among ten commonly used Persian fonts in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) reading techniques task at three reading speed (100, 300 and 500 words per minute). RSVP is a cognitive task design method that is also used in fast reading technologies. This research had two goals: First, determine the optimal Persian font from a visual ergonomic perspective and others investigate the effect of demographic variables (age, gender and education degree) and some cognitive abilities (memory and processing speed) on total numbers of reading errors. In this study, for the first time, the concept of absolute threshold of readability was introduced as an objective indicator in comparing fonts. Twenty subjects participated in this study with ages ranging from 11-79 years and degrees from undergraduate to PhD. The results shown that Iran Sans 5.5 is the optimal font from visual ergonomic perspective. It was also found that age (demographic) and short-term memory (cognitive ability) are correlated with total numbers of reading errors.

Nowadays, efficient studying is considered as an important element in social development and progress through which the public and epecially university students gain a lot. Therefore, studying methods and skills should be considered in all educational levels, especially higher education.The purpose of this research is to determine the level of students’ familiarity with studying methods in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) in 2010. This is an applied survey research in which the data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire. Its validity and reliability were confirmed by library and information sciences specialists and cronbach's alpha (r=0.813) respectively. Statistical population consisted of all students in Isfahan University of Medical Scinces (5999 cases) and the samples were 357. Sampling method was random stratified sampling.Data were analyzed by descriptive (frequency destribution, mean…) and inferential (T-test, ANOVA) statistics through SPSS software. The findings showed that the mean level score of students familiarity in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with survey reading and speed reading were 15.78 and 15.7 respectively (higher than average, mean average = 15). Familiarity level of students with phrase reading with mean 13.29 was higher than average (mean average = 12). Familiarity level of students with close reading was 29.6 that was higher than average (mean average = 27). Familiarity level of students with inquiry reading was 15.52, higher than average (mean average = 15). Also, familiarity level of students with critical reading and reading for aesthetic appraisal were 20.94 and 21.68 respectivley, higher than average (mean average = 18). Comparison between students ‘gender and the rate of familiarity with studying methods showed no significant difference. Also, familiarity level of students with studying methods was not the same in different colleges. The results showed that students’ familiarity levels with studying methods (survey reading, speed reading, phrase reading, close reading, inquiry reading,critical reading, reading for aesthetic appraisal) were higher than average in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Students were also more familiar with method of reading for aesthetic appraisal and less with speed reading. Generally, all students and education practitioners should pay special attention to various studying methods and their various applications.

Detection of H. pylori, the widely distributed etiologic agent of gastro-duodenal inflammation, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, is easy and available. In this study 100 patients who visited endoscopy section of Imam Khomeini Hospital or private clinic in 2001 were studied for gastric cytology (brushing and touch preparation) and biopsy. Of 100 studied patients, 31 patients (31%) had abnormal endoscopy, including gastritis in 78%. Brushing was positive in 43 (43%) patients, touch preparation in 52 (52%), rapid urease test (RUT) in 53% and biopsy in 54(54%) of patients. Sensitivity of brush and touch cytology were 79.6% and 96.3% respectively. Agreement between brush and touch cytology was 78.1%. According to of Mc-Nemar test they had no concordance. Sensitivity of RUT was 98.1%. Agreement between touch cytology and biopsy was 96% and according to Mc-Nemar test they showed concordance.

Rapid spreading of the low pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) caused by the H9N2 subtype and the highly pathogenic AIV caused by H5N1 have caused serious economic losses in the poultry industries of Asia. Therefore, the early detection of AIVs is crucial for the control of the disease. In the present study, the applicability of a rapid immunochromatographic (RIC) assay, which specifically detected type A antigens of AIVs, was evaluated. This assay detected H9N2 viruses at 103.2 ELD50/ml and H5, H7 and H9 antigens at 128 HA titers, but did not react with other respiratory viruses. The assessment of cloacal swab samples prepared from 1 to 10 d post-inoculation (PI) revealed that the first positive samples were detectable on day 2 and 3 PI, and the last positive samples were detectable on day 10 and 9 PI, by the virus isolation (VI) and RIC assays, respectively. Collectively, the relative specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and correlation rate of the RIC and VI assays, were 100%, 71.5%, 100%, 78.5%, 0.86, and 0.98, respectively. There was also a good correlation (? > 0.81) between the results of the haemagglutination (HI), VI and RIC assays of cloacal/tracheal swab samples that were obtained from broiler flocks involved with viral respiratory diseases. Overall, RIC showed a low sensitivity and high specificity for the rapid diagnosis of H9N2 isolates in both experimental and clinical infections.

For some time researchers have focused on processes involved in mind-reading investigation the limitations in what is called automatic mind reading. As a part of mind-reading, visual perspective taking formed the base in the present study. The study was performed to determining the impact of quality and quantity of others’ perspective on visual perspective taking. For this purpose, 42 participants were selected, and then assigned to two groups randomly. The participants were examined by Visual Perspective Taking Instrument (VPTI). Results showed that the main effects of judgment type, quality perspective and their interactions were significant. This means that participants’ perspectives were judged faster that others’ perspectives and that equal positioning was perceived faster than incomplete and identical positioning. In computing perspective area, results showed that others’ perspectives were being computed automatically, albeit in an irrelevant manner. This automaticity is not limited by perspective quantity. An unexpected result was that judgment about others’ perspective in equal positioning was faster than indifferent positioning. These results to some extent challenge the simulation theory.

The resent research suggests that in some conditions people process the other’s perspective without any necessity. Also some studies indicate that we compute our perspective initially during mindreading. The automatic mindreading led some dispute and the processes involved in mindreading are considered by researchers now. So the end of present study is determining restricts of automatic mindreading respect to perspective’s others. For this purpose, a within subject project was performed. By accessible sampling method, 25 high school students selected from Sahand City in 2013-2014 academic year. The Participants were tested by an instrument made by authors that measured the speed and accuracy of mind reading. The results from repeated measure reveal that main effect of perspective type (P=0.007), judgment type (P=0.001) and interactive effect of both (P=0.001) are significant. As well the results of pairwise comparisons showed that judgments in equal situation are faster than similar (P=0.02) and incomplete (P=0.005) situation. According to this result, it seems that equal perspective is an optimized situation for mindreading. The results have some challenge for Apply’s theory.

Reading is a complex process that causes the transfer of information and content and, as a result, human growth. In fact, reading can be considered a condition for success in work and social life. The process of reading involves understanding, understanding and thinking. It is an active process through which the reader understands the message written inside. The starting point of the reading process is the communication between the eyes and typeface. Typefaces are practical media that play an effective role in human growth and awareness because their main purpose is to express and convey messages in the fastest and most legible way. This is where readability of the text becomes very important and the speed of recognizing and cleaning the form of linguistic elements; letters, words, sentences, from each other and then understanding the semantic relationships between them and understanding the content and receiving the message causes more interaction of the audience with the text and finally becomes the main factor of people's growth and awareness. Therefore, in this article, the factors affecting the fluent reading of the text of a book have been investigated by relying on the principles of readability in Naskh script and Persian fonts. To achieve this goal, considering the main mission of type, which is to transfer information in the fastest and most readable way, the question "What factors can be considered as influential factors in the readability of text font?" As the main question, in order to answer this question, other questions such as: Why are only a limited number of Persian fonts used in the text of books? What are those fonts and what are their features and why publishers don't use fonts designed by designers in recent years? will also be answered. The qualitative research method has an exploratory-fundamental nature that used the systematic version of the fundamental theory to present its final theory. The necessary information was obtained through reference to library resources and digital documents, as well as interviews with experts, and sampling was done in a targeted manner. The most important interview tool has been in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The interviewees were among the designers whose fonts have recently been used by publishers. And publishers and editors who had sufficient knowledge of the variety of fonts and their importance in interacting with the audience. With this method, the data were coded and analyzed. The results show that the principles of reading in the Naskh script form the habit of the Persian speaking audience in the process of reading, and the type designers have defined the principles and basics of reading based on the basics of the Naskh script and the habit of the audience. On the other hand, publishers also tend to use fonts designed based on this script. As a result, the principles of readability include:principles, ratio, baselines and composition and the technical performance of the font in the software.

Nowadays, mobile phones have provided the opportunity to collect information and process it, in this regard, the use of mobile phones for police officers can also be very effective. In this article, it is suggested that police officers have a mobile phone in their pocket equipped with a license plate reader program to record license plate data even in normal patrols. This article provides a lightweight and accurate license plate reading method suitable for mobile devices that can be implemented in real time. In the proposed method, morphological and binary methods are used to locate the license plate, then the character segmentation is performed using the real-time thresholding method. Finally, by selecting a quick classifier and training it based on a large number of Iranian license plate character patterns, the characters are classified. The main purpose of this article has been to expose the speed of execution and accuracy with the aim of providing the possibility of real-time implementation on mobile. Due to the fact that the existing articles do not provide resources commensurate with the implementation conditions on mobile, the results of the proposed method are compared with existing real-time methods that are implemented without the need for a GPU. The simulation results show that the proposed method has the ability to read the license plate accurately along with the ability to implement it on a mobile phone almost in real time.

This paper seeks to briefly study the importance of mass media in Middle Eastern countries, particularly in Iraq, during occupation and the U.S. Department of Defense's project called 'Media Rapid Reaction Team'. The team was intended to adopt pre-decided actions for further controlling the situation and disseminating the idea of 'weak democracy' in the occupied countries. The idea of weak democracy, which is promoted through seemingly independent media in U.S. dominated countries, is aimed at forging a kind of polyarchy in their political systems, more consistent with the interests and objectives of transnational capitalists. Finally, Alhurra television network and Sowt radio are examined as examples of independent media in Iraq

Reading the City may seem an endless task، a too large book. However، we all need a simple vision of the city to provide effectively fulfill our tasks، and for the City to continue to live and develop. So there must be a simple way of perceiving its structure and localization quickly، so as intuitively. In our work we develop the urban structure analysis by considering only the reversal reduced to a skeleton، the wired network of its streets. But the reconstruction of roads، and the measurement of a few simple indicators such as connectivity and accessibility، allows reading a structure and even a history of the city. Tehran Visits show over that the local treatment of buildings and roads is in agreement with the respective values of these indicators. This allows us to think that these indicators are essential، and that the processing corresponding to buildings and local roads allows us to read them intuitively and quickly. As the street is the most stable element in the city، it is therefore hoped that in its spatial geometry، there remains a trace of writing its development over time. This experience and the confrontation of the indicators calculated on maps and history and city، very positively، show that these calculations are carrying a real sense of the city، occupation، use، and history. The question is then how is it possible that automatic calculations on information as reduced as the skeleton of the city streets، may contain much information that seem relevant. The simplest explanation is precisely that the natural development of the city leads to the old ways better connected، and that the piercings and modern ways were able to obtain the same status of effectiveness. And the connectivity and accessibility indicators base a substantial part of the value of a street. As these simple criteria seem the most important، they guide people''s perception، their use، and finally the local treatment of the way. Of course these first observations need to be reinforced by new ones. And especially the variety of local tissues، their uses and their construction according to local traditions (residential areas، commerce، production، not structure the same way at different places and different times) should be deepened. This is already visible in the old bazaar around the habitats compared to recent areas of northern Tehran.