Nowadays Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is known as a gold standard method for Cholecystectomy. This study was done to evaluate outcomes of the surgery in the first admitted group of patients in Qom Golpaegani hospital. Methods All patients that had been treated by Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy during 2005-7 were included in this retrospective survey. Study population was consisting of 305 cases with age between 15 to 86 years old %64.9 women and 35/1% men and 80% with symptomatic gallstones. Data were collected using questionnaire and then analyzed using SPSS software. Results In 2007 multiplicity of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy was the highest. The mean operation time was 45 min and duration of hospitalization was 12-48 hours. %80 of all cases (both men and women) had symptomatic gallstones which had been determined by sonography and others had acalculous Cholecystitis. The most common complication during operation was bradychardia as a result of gas flow into the abdomen. There was no case of death. Conclusion Our results showed that Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a standard method of Cholecystectomy and have a desirable outcome.

Electrical injuries currently remain a world-wide problem. Electrical burn injuries account for fewer than 5% of admissions (reported range 3–9%) to major burn centers. Electrical injuries are arbitrarily divided into high voltage (>1000 V), low voltage (<1000 V), lightening strikes, and electric arc. The aim of this study was to explorethe mechanisms, complications, morbidity, and mortality associated with electrical injuries. This descriptive study was done from 2002 to 2006 in burn department of Imam Reza hospital of Mashhad. 132 patients with electrical injuries were admitted to the burn center. Collected data included: age, gender, etiology, burn size, hospital stay, amputation of limb and mortality. Data was gathered in a questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics and frequency distribution tables. Of 5875 acute burn admissions during a 5-year period, 132 patients (2.4%) had electrical burn injuries. Their mean age was 26 years (range2–63 years). Ninety-seven percent (128 patients) were male, and the extent of burn ranged from 1% to 80% TBSA (mean, 13.8% TBSA). High-voltage electricity caused 75.7% (100 patients) of the electrical injuries, 23.5% (31patients) were caused by low-voltage currents and 0.75% (1 patient) by lightening. Twenty six patients (19.7%) required one or more amputations. Six patients (4.5%) died. Electrical burn injuries continue to be a serious problem of modern society. Climbing power poles is the most common mechanism for high-voltage injury. Special consideration is required to prevent this type of injury in our region.

Introduction & Laprascopy is the selected procedure in cholecystectomy and because of reducing complications, like pain, infection, and the duration of hospital staying, it is a favorite procedure for most surgeons. Drain insertion in laparoscopic cholecystectomy can increase post operative hospital staying. In this study we compared post operative hospital staying of our patients with (group A) and without (group B) drain. In this study we compared post operative hospital staying of patients, who had recently undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Logman Hakim Hospita and had drain insertion, with those who did not have it. The effect of drain in post operative management was also assessed. This study included 75 patients. Drain was inserted for 49 patients (group A) and was not inserted for the remaining 26 patients (group B). The average post operative hospital staying was about 3.22 days in group A and 1.92 days for group B. In one of the group a patients, drain altered post operative management, but it had no significant effect on others. According to the results of this study, the routine use of drain can increase post operative hospital staying in uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy and it has no significant effect on post operative management of the patients. Thus, it is not recommended routinely.

Cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures and laparoscopy is often preferred. Cholecystectomy is indicated in diabetic patients with gall stones because of higher risk of this condition even in asymptomatic patients. In this study we compared open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in diabetic patients. This randomized controlled trial was performed in Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah from 2010 to 2012. 124 diabetic patients with confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic biliary stones were randomly assigned to two equal groups. 62 patients underwent open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed for 62 patients. Both groups were similar in relation to distribution of age، sex and BMI. The duration of laparoscopic surgery was longer than the duration of open cholecystectomy and this difference was statistically significant (p< 0. 0001). The duration of hospitalization was longer in open group (p< 0. 001). The costs of treatments did not show any significant statistical difference between the groups. The incidence of injury to biliary ducts was equal in both groups (p =0. 99). Considering lower morbidity and shorter duration of hospitalization، laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure and is the surgical method of choice for cholecystectomy in diabetic patients with symptomatic biliary stones.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones. The term postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) comprises a heterogeneous group of symptoms and findings in patients who have previously undergone cholecystectomy.With the number of cholecystectomies being performed increasing in the laparoscopic era the number of patients presenting with PCS is also likely to increase. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and predisposing factors of retained stone after laparascopic cholecyctectomy to the referred the patient with CBD stone for preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). A total of 993 patients were evaluated after laparascopic cholecyctectomy in Urmia Imam Khomeini Teaching Hospital between January 2011 and February 2014. The patients were categorized into two groups according to the presence or absence of retained stone after laparascopic cholecyctectomy, and the risk factors was compared between them. Patients were 800 females and 193 males with a mean age of 48.70± 16.82 (range13-94) years. Retained stone after laparascopic cholecyctectomy occurred in 47 patients (4.75%). The two groups were comparable in terms of patient age, sex, body mass index (BMI), serum level of BIL, ALP, AST, ALT and CBD and intrahepatic bile duct diameter before operation and HTN, DM and duration of admit. The mean level of age and duration of admit and pre-operative serum BIL, ALP, AST, ALT and CBD and intrahepatic bile duct diameter before operation and HTN was significantly higher in the cases with retained stone after laparascopic cholecyctectomy. According to the results of the present study, the measurement of serum BIL, ALP, AST, ALT, and CBD and intrahepatic bile duct diameter before operation may be capable of predicting retained stone after laparascopic cholecyctectomy.

Choosing the appropriate treatment options for the cancer patients is a very complicated matter which requires comprehensive knowledge. The physicians are the only persons who have enough information. Therefore, in present study we assessed the treatment options of physicians who were suffered from prostate and bladder cancers.
Material & A total of 183 urologists were enrolled in present study. The cases filled a questionnaire included demographic data and also treatment options they will probably choose in case of cancer in themselves or their own close relatives.
In early phases of prostate cancer, 43% of urologists preferred for active surveillance, whereas 37% of cases chose the radical prostatectomy. However, in advanced stages, 73% chose radical prostatectomy. In aggressive bladder cancer, 43% preferred radical cystectomy, while 31% of cases considered capsule sparing cystectomy as a reasonable option. Most of the faculty members preferred radical prostatectomy and capsule sparing cystectomy in early stages of prostate cancer and early stages of bladder cancer, respectively. On the other hand, urologists in private medical centers were mostly inclined toward checking PSA and active surveillance. Classical radical cystectomy in aggressive bladder cancer was mostly practiced in non-educational governmental hospitals, whereas, capsule sparing cystectomy was mostly prevalent in private medical centers. More years of clinical experience was correlated with choosing radiotherapy, whilst choosing "No Surveillance" was correlated with the less amount of clinical experience. In advanced prostate cancer, the most chosen modalities were radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and no surveillance, respectively, in all levels of clinical experiences.
In the present study, we observed that there was a correlation between treatment option and level of clinical experience and the institute that the surgeon works in which, radical prostatectomy and capsule sparing prostatectomy were more prevalent among the faculty members. Moreover, in the case of advanced stages of prostate cancer, there was a correlation between higher levels of clinical experience and selection of radiotherapy as the treatment option.

Since the introduction of 4 trocar laparoscope as a golden standard practiced worldwide, there has been an attempt to possibly reduce the number of trocars to achieve better results. Nowadays the alternative 3 or even 2- port LCs have gained attention due to their potential impact on decreasing post-operative pain, leaving less scars behind and maintaining cosmetic superiority. This study aimed at investigating the superiority of 3 port LCs vs the conventional 4 port ones in terms of their technical feasibility, safety and other benefits.
In this clinical trial study, 100 patients with gall bladder stones admitted at Sina Hospital, in Tabriz from Sep. 2013 to Sep. 2014 were randomly divided into two groups of 50 each; one was treated using 4 port technique and the other by means of 3 port technique. Intraoperative findings and postoperative complications were carefully recorded and analyzed.
The two parameters- conversion of surgery and bile duct injury- were nil for both groups. Gall bladder perforation in 3- port group happened to be less than 4-port group (17.50 vs 28.50) that is (P=0.027). No significant difference was reported on other factors including liver bed bleeding or length of operation.
The fact that in port 3 LCs the operating time will not take any longer and complications are no more than those in 4-port LCs proves them technically safe and feasible. additionally 3-port LCs have some postoperative advantages such as less scars and maintained cosmetic superiority.

The first Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy surgery was performed by Erich Muhe in 1985.Nowadays in developed countries, more than 90% of cholecystectomy surgeries are done by Laparoscopic method and it is one of the most common elective surgeries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency and side effects of this method and the rate of conversion to open surgery patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery in Sabalan and Arta hospitals in Ardabil province. This descriptive analytical study was performed between October 2006 and January 2009. We have studied 200 patients (24 male, 176 female) with cholecystitis (symptomatic gallstones) treated by Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy surgery. Data were collected through questionnaires and telephone calls (at least 6 months after surgery). Data analysis was done by SPSS statistical software and chi-square test. p <0.05 was considered as significant. The average age of patients was 44.6 years. In the final diagnosis, 168 patients (84%) had chronic cholecystitis and 32 patients (16%) had acute cholecystitis. The rate of conversion to open surgery was 8 patients (4%). Eight cases (4%) were suffered organic side effects including: four cases (2%) jaundice after surgery, 1 case (0.5%) postoperative fever, 1 case (0.5%) leakage of bile, 1 case (0.5%) slight leaking of serum from the surgical site and 1 case (0.5%) associated with increased liver enzymes that had no other symptoms. About the risk factors for conversion to open surgery, there was significant correlation between acute cholecystitis and male gender. Information about the satisfaction of patients after surgery showed that, 89.5% were completely satisfied, 2.5% were completely dissatisfied and 8% were relatively dissatisfied. No deaths were seen. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a standard selective treatment method for gallbladder stones. It has many advantages including; reduced duration of hospitalization, less pain, reduced morbidity and less side effects than open surgery, lower recovery period and faster return to normal life.

Cholecystectomy is a most known procedure in patients with gallbladder disease such as choleducolithiasis. This study aimed to study the effect of ampibactam prophylaxy (ampicillin/sulbactam) on the low-risk patients who were candidates for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This clinical double blind work study was evaluating the elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 160 low-risk patients with choleducolithiasis with informed consent 2010-11. The patients were randomly divided into two groups including group A as study group that received 3gr dose of ampibactam (Jaber-ebne-Hayyan Inc) intravenously and group B as the control group that received 10cc normal saline (N/S). The information about age، sex، weight، body mass index (BMI)، routine tests، hospital stay for all patients was collected. The patients during hospitalization and within 30 days after surgery were followed for incidence of infectious complications. According to this study، 1 patient (2. 1%) of the intervention group and 2 patients (5. 2%) in the control group were infected with the Fisher exact test showed no significant differences between the two groups، and the incidence of infection (P=4. 0). In all three cases (9. 1%) had an infection in one patient (6. 0%) from the intervention group and 2 patients (3. 1%) of the control patients had a skin wound infection (P=5. 0). (P= 8. 0). The infection complications have seen in one pationet in control group after 6 and in 2 patients of study group after 5 day after cholecystectom. The mean duration of hospitalization after cholecystectomy in 80 patients in the intervention group was 2. 08 ± 0. 28 days versus 2. 17 ± 0. 4 d in the control group (P=1. 0). This study results such as other studies results، don’t demonstrate the efficiency of prophylactic antibiotics in low-risk laparoscopic cholecystectomy. So preferably it''s not recommended to prescribe antibiotics in low-risk laparoscopic cholecystectomy conditions.