The aim of this research was to study the factors influencing the work culture among female workers in the industrial sector of Abhar town. This study involved a sample of 130 female workers, selected through random selection, according to Cochran formula. The research method was survey and documentary research methods. A use was made of Queens’ work culture questionnaire and cards to collected data. To evaluate the hypotheses Pearson correlation analysis was performed. The results revealed that there was a correlated relationship between personal/personality factors, job-related factors, economic factors, cultural factors, and organizational factors and work culture. Multiple regression analysis further indicated that from among the independent variables cultural variables had the greatest significance.

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of Jigsaw-based cooperative learning method on sense of connectedness with school and the social skills of Sixth grade elementary students in Abhar City, Iran. The research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test, post-test with control group). The statistical population included all sixth grade elementary school female students in Abhar city in the academic year of 2019-2020. The experimental group benefited from Jigsaw-based cooperative learning training for 12 sessions (2 hours per week including 40 minutes). Data were collected using Brew, Betty and Watt students’ sense of connectedness with school scale (2004) and Matson’s Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY) questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software and analysis of covariance as well. The results indicated there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group, the control group in the sense of connectedness with school (p = 0.0001) and the improvement of social skills (p = 0.001). Accordingly, the Jigsaw-based cooperative learning in experimental group was more effective on the sense of connectedness with school and the social skills compared to the control group.

Abstract Abhar County, with 3362 km2 area is located in 90km southeast of Zanjan and 230 km west of Tehran. The average altitude of this region is 1540 m.a.s.l., the mean annual precipitation is 323.5 mm and the average annual temperature is 12.51 °C. Three regions in three different locations of Abhar County were selected to represent the general pattern of vegetation diversity in this County. In order to identify the plant species and introduce the floristic composition, life forms and chorology of plants, samples were collected during the growing seasons in 2015 to 2016. The total of 310 plant species belonging to 220 genera and 53 plant families were determined. The largest families were Asteraceae (29 genera and 44 species), Fabaceae (14 genera and 28 species), Poaceae (19 genera and 25 species), Lamiaceae (12 genera and 25 species), Apiaceae (19 genera and 24 species), Brassicaceae (19 genera and 21 species), Caryophyllaceae (12 genera and 17 species), Boraginaceae (13 genera and 15 species), Rosaceae (7 genera and 12 species), Ranunculaceae (7 genera and 9 species), Amaranthaceae (5 genera and 6 species) and Rubiaceae (6 genera and 6 species). The largest genera were Astragalus (8 species), Salvia (7 species), Centaurea (6 species), Silene (5 species), Achillea, Bromus, and Stachys (4 species). Regarding the chorological point of view, the largest proportion of the flora belonged to the Irano-Turanian elements (54.2%). Hemicryptophytes were the dominant life form and consisted of 50% followed by therophytes (29.7%), geophytes (9.3%), phanerophytes (5.8%) and chamaephytes (5.2%). The current research findings revealed the floristic richness of Abhar County.

Social phobia is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders in adolescence years. This disorder owns negative effects on overall health and performance of this group of society people. The aim of this study is determination the prevalence of social phobia disorder among high school students in Abhar city. In this cross-sectional/descriptive study, numbers of 5526 high school students during academic year of 2011-2012 in both of two genders were selected. Participants were studied by using Liebowitz questionnaire through anonymity principle. In addition, the information related to their demographic features was also collected. SPSS software (version 17) was used for statistical analyses. Absolute and relative frequency distribution was applied to describe data and chi-square test was used to determine and compare the ratio of social phobia disorder according to field variables. Totalprevalence of social phobia disorder was 17.2% in the population. The study showed that female gender (P=0.000), age (P=0.001), single marital status (P=0.001), low population of family (P=0.003), parents’ elementary and middle education (P =0.001), mother’s house maker being (P=0.012), father’s free job (P=0.002), urbanism (P=0.000) and family’s average income (P=0.000) have relation with higher prevalence of disorder. The prevalence of social phobia disorder is high among high school students in Abhar city. Findings can help the decision-makers of health and hygiene in implementing a kind of comprehensive strategy in population regarding interference of mental health promotion arena and preventing from infecting into social phobia disorder.

The present study aims to investigate income distribution in Zanjan Province, for which the statistics of cost-income of the households in rural areas of Abhar County were used. They were available in the Statistical Center of Iran. In order to measure income distribution, the indicators of Lorenz curve, the Gini coefficient, the proportion of high-income groups to low-income groups, as well as the comparison of decades and quintiles are described below. The results indicated that 20% of the richest households in the rural community of Abhar County had more than half of the revenue, and four poor decades had less than 10% of revenue. The richest farmer docile had an income about 28 times as high as the poorest decade, and the richest non-farmer docile had an income about 74 times as high as the poorest non-farmer docile. The results of the Gini coefficient of the two occupational groups suggested that the Gini coefficient of people working in the agricultural sector was equal to 0.55, and that it was 0.56 for non-agricultural workers by comparison. The results of correlation analysis indicated a negative relationship between the age of household’s head and their annual income. Moreover education level of household’s head had a positive relationship with their annual income. In addition, there was no significant difference among annual incomes of households heads with different occupational groups.

Today entrepreneurship is known to be the main driving force in economic development, innovation and job creation. Entrepreneurship cooperatives can be considered as one of the tools for expanding employment opportunities and raising farmers' incomes. The purpose of this study was to measure organizational entrepreneurship in agricultural cooperatives in Abhar and its influencing factors. This research is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population was surveyed by managers of active agricultural cooperatives in Abhar city and its surrounding villages (N = 210). 78 managers were selected by using Cochran's relationship as a research sample and were studied by stratified random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire whose apparent and content validity was corrected and approved by a panel of faculty members of the Department of Agricultural Promotion and Education of Zanjan University. Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficients between 0.73-0.83. The research findings indicated that organizational entrepreneurship with a total score of 3.35 and a standard deviation of 0.67 (in the 5-level Likert scale) was higher than the average. Also, the results of regression analysis by step-by-step method indicated that the variables of the problems such as providing bail for the relevant institutes for obtaining credits or loans, low academic qualification of the Board of Trustees and members, insufficient expert advice for economic justification and assessment of the activities explained 39% of organizational entrepreneurship changes in agricultural cooperatives. They made it

The main objective of this descriptive-survey research was to investigate the application of waste management operations in apple production in Abhar County. The statistical population of the study consisted of 12971 apple growers of the two districts of Markazi and Soltanieh out of which 100 people were selected as sample using Cochran formula. Stratified proportionate random sampling technique was used for the study. A questionnaire was developed to collect the data. Validity of the research’s tool was approved by some of the faculty members of the Department of agricultural Extension and Education in the University of Tehran as well as some local experts working on the area of apple gardening. The reliability of the main scales of the questionnaire was examined by Cronbach alpha Coefficients ranged from 0. 96-0. 97. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. According to the findings، there were positive significant relationships between application of waste management operations in apple gardens with educational level and farming experience of farmers at one percent level. In addition، there were significant negative relationships between application of waste management operations in apple gardens with the farmer’s age، garden size، extent of production، volume of supply، total waste، the garden’s age، inter-cultivation waste، harvesting waste and post-harvesting waste at one percent level. The step-wise regression analysis indicated that four variables viz.، the farmer’s age، farmer’s knowledge about waste management in apple gardens، the garden’s age and the garden’s size explained 80. 2 percent of variations of the extent of applying waste management operations in apple gardens.

Development of organizational entrepreneurship is a way to modernization and dynamism of the cooperatives. Development of organizational entrepreneurship in cooperatives can contribute to their reclamation and reconstruction and can be an important step in turning them into entrepreneurial cooperatives. The purpose of this study was identifying strategies to development of organizational entrepreneurship in agricultural cooperatives in Abhar Township. Survey methodology was implemented in this applied research. The statistical population consisted of active agricultural cooperative managers in Abhar (N= 210). The sample size was estimated using Cochran's formula (n=78). The research tool was a questionnaire. Validity of the instrument was confirmed by a panel of agricultural extension and education experts. A reliability analysis of questionnaire was determined by pilot test and calculating Cronbach’s alpha (0.7-0.89). The data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). For confirmatory factor analysis AMOS Graphics20 software and structural equation modeling was used. Results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fitness of latent research variables. Standardized measurement model confirmed summarizing organizational entrepreneurship development strategies in five factors including operating facilities, infrastructural reforms, modern leadership style, and policy making cultural preparation.

Rural settlements as an open system have various forms of natural, economic, social, human, cultural and symbolic capital that play an important role in the development of tourism. As such, these funds are mainly classified into two groups of tangible and intangible resources. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of local community capital in tourism development in target villages of Abhar township (Zanjan province). The present research is an applied one and its method is descriptive-analytical and library and field methods have been used for data collection. The statistical population of the study consisted of 7 tourism target villages of Abhar township which has 1268 households based on Population and Housing Census data (2016). Of these, 190 were selected using Cochran formula. The face validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by experts and the reliability of the variables was estimated 76% using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Statistical tests such as t-test, regression and Kruskal-Wallis were used for quantitative analysis of data. The results show that community capital has a positive and significant impact on tourism development. So that the natural capital, social capital and cultural capital of tourism target villages with numerical mean values of (4.13), (4.08) and (4.06) respectively have played a decisive role in the development of tourism, respectively. And. Also in the regression fitting model, coefficient of determination is equal to (0.84) and indicates positive impact of local community capital on tourism development and natural (0.379), social (0.242), cultural (0.181) capital had the most impact on development. There is tourism. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test also showed that there is no significant difference at 95% level in local community capital except for cultural capital and constructed between sample villages and in villages of Darsajin and Qorveh due to having local community capital in the first place and Second.

creating settlements and industrial park is one of the most common industrialization approaches in countries that have been proposed for technological change in order to improve the quality of life, especially in rural areas which ultimately bring the prosperity and development of the village and the whole country. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of Sharif industrial parks on the quality of life of rural workers in this industry at the Abhar city, central district. In this regard, the research methodology was a library-survey (questionnaire) and seven indicators of education, participation, housing status, consumption pattern status, occupational safety, social belonging and insurance and social security were evaluated. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha test was used in SPSS software which showed a reliability of 926, a high reliability index. The statistical population consisted of the villages in Sharif industrial parks and the sample size according to Cochran formula was 219 employees. Due to the lack of access to all samples, just 50% of the employees, who were equal to 109 rural workers, were evaluated and then for data analysis SPSS software was used. Paired-Samples t-test was run to assess the quality of these indicators in the period of before and after employment in this industrial park. The results indicate that the quality of life indicators of the workers has been promoted and desirable under the influence of the Sharif industrial parks.