This study investigates the role of the Indian Ocean in India's strategic thinking to become a leading sea power and aims to address three fundamental questions: First, what impact does geostrategic position and security environment of the Indian Ocean have on India's sea power? Second, what measures has India taken to become a leading sea power? Third, what obstacles faced India in this relation? The research findings show the geostrategic significance of the Indian Ocean to promote India into a leading sea power, and India has taken some military measures and maritime policies to improve its sea power. The initiatives and strengthening of the Indian naval fleet are among its military actions. India's maritime policies include the neighborhood policy, SAGAR, action in the east, Mausam, cotton route, diamond necklace, Bharatmala and Sagarmala. Also, the obstacles hindering India to become naval power include weak presence in different regions of the Indian Ocean, lack of military and strategic focus on navy and the presence of regional rivals in the Indian Ocean.

While the Asian emerging countries are changing the international distribution of power by acquisition of material resources, Intra-Asian dynamics have been affected by the rapid rise of India and China during the shift of international power towards Asia. In drawing the future horizons, these two powers consider international water areas as a necessary component for gaining global power. During the last decade, the Indian Ocean, as an emerging field in international open seas, has become the center of competition between these two countries. However, the existing works have not provided a comprehensive picture of India and China competition in the Indian Ocean. This article, using data analysis method, examines the maritime relations between the two states under the influence of the mounting China appearance in the Indian Ocean. To answer the question of what are the effects of China's emergence in the Indian Ocean on India-China maritime relations? This article claims that China's increased role in the Indian Ocean has created a new round of strategic competition between the two states. In this regard, it argues that India in response to Chinese implementation of advanced maritime strategies, trade and investment network, modernization of the military force, and development of ports and naval bases in the Indian Ocean, through increasing maritime capabilities, deepening relations with the marginal and island countries of the Indian Ocean, and forging strategic partnership with China's competitors in the framework of the Indo-Pacific maritime landscape, take balancing measures against China.

In this study, the importance of maritime transport sector on the economic growth of the region is studied using the input-output table of Khuzestan province. For this purpose, using the hypothetical extraction method, the linkages of the 68 economic sectors of the province are estimated and analyzed.The results show that maritime transport sector is not the leading province but it is related to some of the leading sectors of the province. In addition, in the sub transport sector, it has the strongest linkage after road transport. While, high amounts of maritime transport intermediary imports come from other provinces of the country due to its finance and insurance.Therefore, it is necessary to transfer the insurance and financial affairs of shipping and marine companies within the province in order to strengthen the linkages of this sector. Overall, the share of this sector of the province's output increased over the period 2011-2015. The research findings show that the province's leading industrial sectors include Petrochemicals, Petroleum Products and Manufacture of Basic Metals.Therefore, the province's economic growth is dependent on heavy-duty, resource-dependent and medium-tech industries.

This paper examines Iran’s maritime shipping industry’s stance globally, as well as its potential role in transforming the Iranian economy into a ‘resistive economy’. The maritime industry has the potential to realise some of the provisions of a resistive economy, specifically by playing a crucial role in increasing competitiveness globally, diversifying commercial partners _ especially by securing new import bases, forming new markets, developing strategic partnerships, reducing the vulnerability of the revenues from oil and gas exports by finding new strategic customers, increasing the export of gas, increasing the export of petrochemicals and increasing the export of oil products. A review of the maritime industry in Iran indicates that it has one of the biggest fleets in the Persian Gulf; yet, in terms of maritime connections indexes, despite the increase in recent years, it occupies a place below Saudi Arabia, Oman and the UAE (occupying the 40th place globally among countries with coastal borders). Input-outputs data from the Central Bank in 1378, 1383 and 1389 indicate that prior and subsequent linkages, the diversity of subsequent linkages and the potential for employment in the industry have developed. Hence, indicating that the sector could play a progressive role in the process of uneven growth. The share of domestically produced maritime equipment (including various types of ships), from all maritime equipment used has increased twofold, indicating increasing self-reliance of production in the industry, thus, taking a step toward realising economic resilience in the sector.

 Access and lack of access the countries to open sea, formating the geographical location of coastal peninsula, island or landlocked for the country. Marine and ocean environment compared with dry environments have different characteristics. Area of ocean is three times the land. Water bodies are spherical cohesion while the land suffered the fragmentation of space. Water bodies, have environmental position and dry Area have peripheral position. The controling of water bodies in the world will be have initiative and challenging the dry area. Sea power is one most important facets of states’ national power. Sea power is not considered properly in evaluating national power, because it includes different factors. Sea power is the only facet of national powers that can be presented in different water bodies, and do not suffer from land and air powers limitations. This article investigates the role of geographic and territorial situation in states sea power.

This research is fundamental and in terms of nature is descriptive - analytical and ecological research among geographical sciences rather than lie. The data analysis procedure is based on qualitative method. The data collection tools by visiting the library, papers, documents and information portals specialized organizations.

Sea power is formed from different factors like geographic-territorial, social, economic, political, diplomatic and military.Geographic and territorial situation of sea states is the most important factor in their sea power, and all of the other factors depends on this factor. Geographic and territorial situation of sea states includes the length (up to 200 nautical miles) of shore and some other territorial features. Sea access, the nature of the coastal zone (properties of the coastal zone), territorial scope and area of the country, maritime zones, connection to Sea lines of communication (straits, channels etc.) islands (residential and non-residential), are the most important factors related to the geographic and territorial factor.

These factors are investigated in this article. Beside of the importance of each factor, the nature of the coastal zone is important than other geographic and territorial factors. In other words, the nature of the coastal zone characterizes the abilities and limitations of the states’ sea power.

Today, the two main naval powers of the world are the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, which have entered into the process of power maximization and mutual balancing with the support of their military strategies and equipment. Based on the assumptions of aggressive realism, the US officials believe that China is trying to improve its military power, especially in the sea domain (transition from wealth to power) based on its economic power. In this regard, the main question of the article is, what are the naval requirements of the United States and China in the field of global power projection and what theoretical and operational coordinates do they have? Based on the theory of offensive realism and using the literature of strategic/military sciences, this article tests the hypothesis that the US naval requirements for projecting naval power against China include the strategic ideas of "joint combat capability" and "military branch thinking" which are It has a single network of command and control in the formation of air, sea, and land military forces and the use of appropriate operational equipment against China. On the other hand, China's naval requirements are based on the strategy of "anti-access and regional deterrence" with the central idea that in order to overcome the US as a distant enemy, it is necessary to use appropriate combined equipment to access and deploy its forces to the scene of conflict in the region. Insider or surrounding areas obstructed.

Today, sea power is not confined to military power and it also includes other dimensions such as sea sciences, navy, political geography, marine services and sea industries. Each of these dimensions and its components have a special place in the sea power of the country. Marine industries are considered one of the mother's industries whose development and its associated components contribute to the development of many upstream and downstream industries as a result of the development seabase and development of sea power. In this research, we have tried to describe the dimensions of each of these components in the sea power of the country by using interviews and questionnaires. At the end and based on the results of the research, were identified twenty components for dimension of the marine industries which, in terms of their priority, the tracking route for the relevant authorities in order to develop these components and achieve the advanced sea power of the country.

Today, naval power is not limited to military power and includes the dimensions of maritime science and knowledge, naval fleet, geopolitical capacities, maritime services and maritime industries. These dimensions and components have a special place in the maritime power of the country. In the past years, we have seen that different military and civilian maritime departments are moving things forward separately, and along with these organizations, policy makers and high-ranking officials of the country and the army have aligned and synergistic approaches to the issue of the sea, presence at sea, sea-oriented development and They have not developed the sea power of the country. In this research, with a mixed approach and contextual case method and interview and questionnaire tools, while explaining the components of maritime power, we have tried to express the position of these components in the maritime civilization of the country. Based on this, with library, comparative and exploratory studies, research literature was compiled. Then, the shortcomings of the findings were completed using the opinions of experts and a number of new factors were added to the previous factors. Then, a research questionnaire was prepared, which was distributed among the research sample population and its results were summarized by going through the relevant steps and obtaining the necessary validity and reliability. In the following, the findings obtained from the results of the questionnaires, together with the analysis of discourse and the content of the interviews, were analyzed with descriptive statistics, SPSS software and inferential statistics methods using "SmartPLS" software. Finally, the dimensions and components of the maritime power of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the coefficients and priority of their influence on the implementation of the country's maritime civilization were determined. The five dimensions counted, in order of priority of impact, are: marine services, marine fleet, marine industries, capacities of political geography and marine sciences, each of which has components (60 components in total). At the end of the research, recommendations were made for establishing the maritime civilization of the country based on these dimensions and components.

Superior marine power, on the one hand, changes in the volume and type of maritime missions, the availability of a lean-agile supply chain is very essential in the uncertainty environment. In this paper the Leagility factors of the maritime supply chain has been considered. Using a combined approach of fuzzy cognitive maps and Delphi method, the relationship and ratio of relations of the leagility factors have been identified and the he interaction of these factors were determined. Two main relationship have been found. The leagility factors of the maritime supply chain with high power relationship have dynamic and strong effects on the supply chain leagility, but the Leagility factors of the maritime supply chain with low power relationship have strong effects on leagility readiness of the supply chain.