In open pit mines, the extraction of ore rock with minimum price and good quality is the most important mining goal. In this paper, the impact of underground water on production costs and mining process has been investigated. For this purpose, the parameter specific crushing(S_cr ), measured and used. To evaluate mining operation in dry and wet conditions of database in two parts of production costs and mining operations of two blasts, holes with diameter of 6 inches were created. The difference of two different conditions of mining in increasing production costs and reducing production performance is observed such that the costs including drilling cost, blast cost, total drilling and blast costs, loading cost are increased respectively, equal to 83.33, 450, 266.67 and 200 percent in wet mining conditions compared with dry conditions. Rock crushing cost due to crushing amount is almost similar in both conditions. Also, wet mining conditions cause reducing the production yield of Sarcheshmeh copper mine such that production performance in sections including special loading and index specific mining operations unit has been decreased respectively, equal to 33.34 and 198.85 percent compared to dry conditions. In order not to use waterproof explosives, improvement of mining operations index and reduction of project production costs, it is necessary to determine the model of underground water of Sarcheshmeh copper mine. Desirable mining operation will be provided with lower cost with sustainable development by drainage of underground water in open pit mines.

Due to the important environmental effects on human life and the conflict between the mining process and environmental factors, the enactment of protectionist environmental laws in the mining industry has received extensive attention particularly in countries with high mineral potential. In this regard, this study developed a novel conceptual framework to identify the environmental protection laws in Iran by considering the mining environmental laws and regulations in different countries such as Australia, Chile, India, Turkey, Canada, South Africa, and China. This helps to apply the experiences of the abovementioned countries in resolving similar conflicts in Iran's mining industry. The environmental protection laws were selected based on their legislation background in the field of mining, participation in environmental treaties, success in the field of mining trade, and pioneering in the revision of mining laws. The proposed framework demonstrated that Iran’s mining environmental laws require revision and more transparency to avoid ambiguity and conflict with mining property laws and governmental rights.

Anjireh-Vejin Mines of Tiran are located 60 km west of Isfahan. Exposed rocks in these mines are Early Cretaceous (Early Baremian-Albian) in age. These rock units are exposed in NW-SE trending anticlines plunging shallowly to SE in three Vejin Paein, Vejin Bala and Anjireh-Chekab Mines. Folding in all three mines exhibits same style, indicating that the mines are closely structurally related. At the SW side of all the mines, anticlines formed above the hangingwall of a major reverse fault are breached and expose older Cretaceous units. In the trenches of Anjireh-Chekab mines, which cut the steeply-dipping and overturned limb of the anticlines, older rock units are observed. In the trench cutting the Vejin Bala mine, layers in the SW limb are of steeply-dipping to locally overturned attitudes. Structural evidence these mines clearly indicated that all the three mines are situated in a unique anticline with overturned SW limb and a folding style that consistently characterize “break-thrust fold” model. This anticline plunges gently by 15º to N150º. In btreak-thrust model, as folding progressively advances, a major reverse fault is being generated along the overturned limb of the anticline, which is well observed along the SW part of the mines in the study area. The mines are separated by E-W trending faults producing the present geometry. In addition to presenting a fold style model, we explored the relation between faults and fractures in all the mines using field observations and satellite images. Fractures are dominantly oriented along NW-SE direction sub-parallel with the strike of the axial plane of the anticlines. Structural analysis revealed three types of ore concentrations: 1) parallel to the original stratigraphic layering, 2) along the reverse fault in the overturned limb of the anticline, and 3) in the fracture systems.

Summary: In this research, stability analysis and probability assessment of the further failure for Angooran lead and zinc mine have been investigated. To investigate its geomechanical properties precisely, main joints and available faults were appraised and some samples of the mine limestone zone were prepared to determine strength properties of rocks using laboratory tests. Then, the 3DEC code was used to construct a three dimensional model. According to the initial displacements from the software and geomechanical properties of the eastern wall and its concave shape, this wall was supposed to be stable. Further analyses were focused on the western wall. For stability analysis of the western wall, the model was constructed based on different cohesions and internal friction angles. It was observed that the magnitudes of displacements were higher than in the eastern wall. So, statistical analysis was performed on the toe of the wall and the probability of the failure calculated to 35.2 percent, according to the obtained displacements.
Slope stability is one of the major and determiner parameters in the economy and safety of open pit mines. Failure and consequently rupture of the slope caused no compensable economic and humanity losses. So, probability assessment of the further failure for presentation of damages and additional costs is of prime importance. In this research, stability analysis and probability assessment of the further failure for Angooran lead and zinc mine have been investigated.
Methodology and Approaches: To investigate geomechanical properties precisely, main joints and available faults were appraised and some samples of the mine limestone zone were prepared to determine strength properties of rocks using laboratory tests. Then, the 3DEC code was used to construct a three dimensional model. According to the initial displacements from the software and geomechanical properties of the eastern wall and its concave shape, this wall was supposed to be stable. Further analyses were focused on the western wall. For stability analysis of the western wall, the model was constructed based on different cohesions and internal friction angles.
Results and In this research, field and laboratory studies were carried out in order to achieve accurate data of Angooran lead and zinc open pit mine. According to the obtained displacements of the model, probability of heavy failure was evaluated. The results are listed below:

Iran has experienced centralized higher education system for the past two decades. Present study employs statistics and information of mining engineering education to demonstrate some of the major obstacles against the engineering education in Iran. During the past 60 years, about 5000 students have been graduated from mining engineering departments of Iran, of which more than 90% fall in the last 20 years. In recent years, about 700 students graduate from 23 mining engineering departments of Iran, annually. About 100 faculty members, which less than 50% of them have a doctorate degree, are teaching mining engineering in 13 institutions of public sector. The present study shows that the number of active mining engineering departments of Iran is more than the sum of similar institutes in USA, Canada and UK. It also shows that the number of mining engineering graduates of Iran are more than the sum of graduates of USA, Canada, UK and Australia. Based on the global experiences and domestic needs, the present article suggests some remedial measures to relieve the current pitfalls.

This study examines the potentiality of quarry rehabilitation of Gol-e-Gohar in Sirjan and converting it into a tourist attraction and recreational place. Therefore، sampling of water، soil and air was done. By designing via Gemcom software and calculating the volume and the area of the quarry at the end of mining، and water inlet flow rate and moving water into the pit for several years، the pit has been turned into a lake. By planting trees and plants on the steps that are above the static water surface، the landscape will be changed and the pit is converted into a beautiful surrounding. According to the sampling of water containing electrical conductivity and high salinity and soil of the quarry which has low nutrients، Tamarisk and Palm trees were selected for planting in the mine، due to shortage of suitable water and soil.

The Chehrabad salt mine is one of the rare ancient salt mine in the world and the only identified salt mine in Iran which has evidences of salt extracting over a long time span from 500 BC to modern times. According to the field researches conducted so far, in the excavated area, mining activities are proven to be in use in the Achaemenid, Sasanian, Middle and Late Islamic periods. After the accidental discoveries in 1993 and 2004, several season of excavation and archaeological surveys, have been carried out in the mine and around it. Archaeological researches brought to light interesting results concerning the techniques, periods and extracting tools, also relation between salt mine and the archaeological sites around it. Digging deep tunnels inside the salt rock deposits in different dimensions and sizes and using the various extraction tools can be seen in the excavated area with the difference in details in all the aforementioned periods. The long- term salt extraction activities and multi- periodic collapse of the tunnels, have resulted the formation of various layers such as fall, occupation, mining and erosion layers in different parts of the mine and the filling many of its old tunnels. According to documents, Most of the discovered human remains were probably non- native miners who died during catastrophic mining accidents and mummified naturally.