Hirsutism is a difficult problem for both to the patients and the physicians. Its definition is subjective and the severity of hirsutism and the degree of acceptance are dependent on racial, cultural and social factors. The hair growth pattern, under the influences of genetic and ethnic factors, has significant variations among normal females. In order to determine the prevalence of hirsutism and the hair growth pattern in normal female students, this study is conducted. We studied 256 randomly selected normal female students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. All students with menstrual abnormality, thyroid disease, galactorrhea and history of medication affecting hair growth were excluded. The "Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system" and the "modified Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system" for body hair were used. The age (mean ± 1 STD) of the students was 22 ± 2.5 years; age range was 18 -31 years. ninety percent of them were single. Age at menarche (mean ± 1 STD) was 13.3 ± 3/6 years. Their menstrual period (mean ±1 STD) was 29.4±4.6 and bleeding period (mean ± 1 STD) was 5.6 ± 1.4 days. Only in nine students the score of hair growth in any of the nine areas was zero. On the basis of the "Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system" all the students were considered hirsute, and on basis of the "modified Fcrriman-Gallwey scoring system", only in 52 (20%) of students the hair growth score of all the four areas was less than 2. On the basis of the "modified Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system" for body hair, near 80% of the students were considered hirsute, too. In conclusion, in a sample of normal Iranian females, hirsutism is common and on the basis of both the "Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system" and the "modified Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system" for body hair, most of them were hirsute.

Legislator's innovation in crime punishment gradation had positive effects in the legislative system. This innovation facilitates applying the principle of proportionality between crime and punishment, harmonizing criminal responses, and implementation of policy of individualization of the punishments. In addition to these advantages, there are disadvantages in the gradation system. After studying the gradation system in the legislation of some countries and the history of this system in Iranian legislation system, this article studies the advantages and disadvantages of Islamic Penal Code with content analysis method and makes suggestions to remove the disadvantages. These disadvantages are not all-inclusive degrees of punishment, the ambiguity of the degree of some crimes, illogical and contrary to the law criteria of judicial precedent, lack of clear criteria for determining the maximum punishment for multiple crimes, the imbalance of sanctions inside one degree and non-use or misuse of gradation system of sanctions in other laws. The solutions proposed include enumerating all instances of Tazirat under Article 19, and excluding other punishments, stipulating that relative fines are within eight-fold degrees of punishment, a proposal to amend Section 3 of Article 19, proposing a clear formula to determine the most severe punishment in multiple crimes, offering an unique and balanced criteria in order to amend the punishments inside one grade and proper use of gradation system on other laws.

While Kids and adolescents are the largest and most permanent TV audiences, a significant portion of TV programs is made for adults and is not commensurate with their understanding and biological experience. So it may harm their mental, emotional, moral and physical growth. Most countries have developed a system of rating programs to protect children against inappropriate or harmful subjects. The research was conducted with the aim of understanding the theoretical foundations and similarities of this system in Islamic countries comparing of European and American countries including America, France, Malaysia and Turkey. This research was conducted by documentary method (including study of laws, regulations, systems and processes of legislation, implementation, monitoring and control). The findings show that these systems are defined in all countries using the age classification based on a semiotic system consist of letters, numbers positive and negative symptoms. This is done with regard to law and under the Media Regulatory Authority (an independent legal entity with legislative, executive, and judicial functions) and implemented within the framework of the codified guidelines. The main distinctions between them are permitted sexual relationships or references, delinquency, and abnormal in terms of Prohibitions and limitations of content, how to define and categorize content subject to rating by age, based on the normative system of society including Inappropriate speeches, nudity, adult topics and relationships.

Some people have been killed due to car accidents every year in the world. Safety is a way to create conditions that make it difficult for users to take risks from harming personal and financial harm. One of the most important steps is to have safe ways to develop a safety rating system for roads. There are several methods in this area that consider each of the specific parameters for road safety rating. As a result, the study attempts to explore the feasibility of using one of the most current methods used in the world in the field of road safety assessment (iRAP) in Iran, in order to use the results for designing and implementing new roads in terms of safety, and also improved the quality of safety of existing roads with appropriate technical and economic solutions. The results of this study show that using the star rating method in order to improve the safety of our country's roads can help in reducing accidents and improving safety. Result in case study part show that 70% of Kermanshah eastern bypass have been maximum 3 stars which is disappropriate in term of safety and only 30% of roads ad 4 or 5 stars.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of response inhibition and working memory training programs on improving social skills in children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with pretest-post test and control group. Population of the study included all children with ADHD between ages seven to eleven (7-11) who were attending Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital in Tehran. They were diagnosed as having Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. Sixteen subjects who were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: experimental and control group. Conner’s Parent Rating Scale was used to assess attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms، Gresham and Elliot’s Social Skills Rating System was used to measure their social skills and Raven’s Progressive Matrices for children was used to assess their intellectual functioning. Experimental group received 24 sessions (every session 60 minutes) of intervention programs about response inhibition that designed by the investigators and working memory enhancement while control group received no specific treatment. Data were analyzed by using analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Findings showed significant differences (P<0/01) between experimental and control groups in social skills. Current study indicated that response inhibition and working memory training programs can improve social skills.

Language and social skills، the two distinctive characteristics of mankind، play an important role in human life. The acquisition of speech and language، which is regarded to as one of the most important developmental factors، is totally dependent on social interaction. The aim of the current study was to determine the relation between the development of receptive language and selected aspects of social skills in 4-to-6 year-old Persian-speaking children. 123 normal Persian-speaking children with the age range of 4 to 6 years (76 boys and 47 girls) who met the inclusionary criteria were recruited from Shiraz kindergartens via a multistage random selection method. The Test of Language Development was first administered to evaluate the subjects’ linguistic skills and the Social Skills Rating System، which includes two teacher and parent questionnaire forms، was then employed to complete the assessment. Data were statistically analyzed via Pearson’s correlation coefficient using SPSS software version 16. Significance level was set at less than or equal to 0. 05. The correlation between receptive language and selected dimensions of social skills was significant (P < 0. 01) while the correlation between receptive language and parent forms was not (P > 0. 01). Moreover، there was no significant correlation between teachers and parent forms (P > 0. 01). These findings showed a positive significant correlation between the development of receptive language and selected aspects of social skills. However، it was only the case for teachers’ form. It is maybe due to the differences in home and educational environment when it comes to teaching children social skills. Considering this difference، crucial training in both environments should be provided for children because of their role in improving the development of receptive language.

Social interaction plays an essential role in acquisition of speech and language as one of the most important developmental factors. The recent studies indicated that language abilities have a close relationship to social skills. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of development of expressive language and dimensions of social skills in 4-6-years-old Persian-speaking children. In this study, 123 normal Persian-speaking 4-6-year-old children (76 boys and 47 girls) who had all the specific criteria for normality were randomly selected from several preschools in Shiraz, Iran. During the first stage of testing, test of language development (TOLD) was administered to investigate language development of participants; later, the social skills rating system (SSRS) including the teacher's and parent's forms were completed by the parents and teachers of participants. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. The correlations between expressive language and dimensions of social skills were significant (p<0.001), but teacher's form had a greater correlation with language development (p=0.031). Besides, Pearson's correlations between teacher's and parent's forms was not significant (p=0.27). According to our results, expressive language develops along with social skills development. On the other hand, these results are based on the differences between home and educational environment in social skills achievements of children. These findings are to be considered to provide crucial training in both environments for the children to improve the development of their expressive language.

One of the most challenging troubles for many of working groups, especially medicine personnel is sentence that asserts in article 616. The most important criminal outcome of the murder due to fault that essentially is called the quasi-intentional murder is imprisonment mentioned in above Article.According this article, if the fault of a person causes the death of another person, one of the punishments is prison that has listed at the top of the article. Involuntary manslaughter due to fault of guilty has from one to three years imprisonment. In other words legislature has considered from one to three years imprisonment for killing due to fault of guilty. In the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 1991, According to article 22, If there are ways to mitigate, Judges were empowered/allowed to relieve penalties or convert to another punishments and in a great number of cases prison sentences were converted into fines. But according to fundamental reforms in the latest Islamic Penal Code (2013), especially regulations of convert and discount that were based on grading system, It seems sentence of Article 616, can not easily be converted into fines. Despite the changes were done and facing obstacles, there are still some strategies for overcoming the recent challenges. In this paper, we have studied legal ways of conversion, reduction or suspension of sentence under Article 616.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of multiple intelligence training package on social skills of slow-paced boys. This quasi-experimental study was performed with pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of 150 slow-paced children, who were studying in exceptional school of Hazrat Fatemeh in Karaj in the 2020 academic year. among them, 20 students were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (10 boys in each group). The Gersham and Elliott Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) was used to assess social skills. Multiple intelligences training package for the experimental group was presented as a group in 10 sessions of 45 minutes. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups (05 / 0> p), and the intervention program was effective in impoving cooperation, assertiveness, self-control and general social skills for the students in the experimental group (p <0.05). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the multiple intelligences training package can be used to increase the social skills of slow-paced children.