The relations between Iran and United states can be considerable for a number of reasons such as the recognition of international and regional position, the political status of Iran in recent two decades and the diplomacy of Iranian authorities. The present essay endeavors not only to determine the effective factors in the relations between Iran and United States during World War II based on descriptive-analytical approach but also to answer this question: what is the impact of Economic- political necessities of Iran and United states on the formation of their relations? The outcomes of research demonstrate that the tendency of Iranian authorities to Third Power was not only for reducing the pressure of Russia and England but also for resolving the economic and political problems. Furthermore, the effort of United States for playing an active role in global economic and political fields and exploiting of the strategic position of Iran can have influence on the relations between two countries.

After domination of the constitutional system along with the establishment of the national parliament, the first crises that the government involved was the increasing of the financial crises of the government.This event violates the government and parliament relations.National parliament rejected foreign loans and then suggested the establishment of the na­tional bank (Bank Meli).This conflict was terminated by bombarding the parliament.Following the parliament attack, Mohammad Ali Shah’s power was expanded especially in negotiation with Russia and England for receiving foreign loansThese fights which directed by Zaynab Pasha initiated due to oppressions and sexual discrimi­nation imposed by the feudalism system in the period of prince Mohammad Ali Mirza.

This study tries to examine the relations between using Facebook and people’s voting behavior in Iran’s presidential election in 2013. Taking a qualitative approach, we used virtual ethnography and observation techniques, as well as in-depth interviews to gather the research data and we used thematic analysis to analyze to gathered data. The results show that for a number of reasons, Facebook played a role in changing people’s minds from not attending the election to taking part in it. The election was the first after the disputed presidential election in 2009 and some people considered voting a taboo. Lack of dialogue and political discussion in Iran’s political and media environment outside Facebook, improved the website’s role. Another reason was the fact that Facebook provided an alternative to the state media. We argue that analyzing the effects of specific social media is only possible if one looks into the country’s political environment and the role of the social media websites in the society. The results show that political arguments may result in increasing people’s level of political information or motivation, but don’t necessarily change their voting behavior.

There are different ideas about democracy. One of the relatively new views that have been raised in this regard is the view of democratic pluralism. According to this view, the basis of democracy is the plurality of active groups in politics and their competition in the form of elections to gain power. In general, pluralist democracy is based on three principles: multiplicity of sources of power and groups, competitive electoral system and lack of desirability of broad political participation.The current research tries to look at the political situation of Iran in the years after the Islamic revolution based on the theory of democratic pluralism. In Iran, after the revolution, for various reasons, political parties have not had an effective presence in politics, and instead of them, political factions have been active in the political arena. The question of the current research is, "What were the reasons for the continued multiplicity of active political forces in Iran's political arena after the revolution, and what effect did this multiplicity have on political development in Iran?" The hypothesis is that in the years after the revolution, despite the desire of each of the factions to eliminate the rival faction from the political arena, the plurality of political factions has continued and this continuity is rooted in the social base of different factions. Descriptive-analytical method has been used to test the hypothesis. The findings show that the continuation of the plurality of political factions in the years after the Islamic Revolution and their competition has prevented the complete unification of power and the destruction of democracy

The current research seeks to investigate the unstable geopolitics around Iran affecting the national economy. Factors such as the geopolitical situation, being located at a crossroads, surrounded by arid semi-desert territories, the security concerns of neighboring countries, and the various internal conflicts during successive centuries, have put the country instability of national security and deprived the country's economic development that requires stability and sustainability and security-oriented thinking in governance has been one of the constant concerns of Iran's rulers from the distant past to the last two centuries. The research method is descriptive-analytical and collecting required data for writing and analysis is based on library research utilizing valid domestic and international references and texts. Findings reveal that the Iranian economy for centuries, especially during the three periods of Qajar, Pahlavi, and the Islamic Republic, has been involved in a fundamental and ongoing problem called unstable geopolitics in and out of its territory and the government has not been able to build lasting security in the country. The lack of lasting security and the inability of governments to overcome it has caused great economic and political costs for the country so far. Although Iran has always faced the geopolitical challenge of surrounding insecurity and various internal conflicts, this challenge has barricaded forming desirable conditions for the national economy during the last two centuries when countries were busy building their national economy. It can be said that the main challenge of Iran yesterday and today is the domination of the security discourse over the economic discourse, a vital issue for the country's development process.

This article is aimed to explain transition to democracy by using some concepts of the theory of government elites, especially the notion of "transitional situations in Iran. From such a theoretical perspective one major question arises: what is the role of the government elites and the political field in the transition to democracy in Iran? In order to answer this question, we examined the hypothesis that the process of successful transition to democracy in Iran not only requires political elites who, in terms of structural solidarity and value correlation, are in opposition to the transition from the least harmony, but require a political field in which there exists a number of diverse civil, political, and economic institutions and parties and media. Therefore, from the perspective of the role of the government elites by studying the transition to democracy in the Islamic Republic and discussing the state of transition, its characteristics and factors, the present research tries to explain the relationship between the nature of the government elites and the political field and the transition to democracy in Iran. It tries to present an explanation of the different paths and outcomes of the transition. Thus the research shows that the transitional situation in Iran involves the consolidation of government elites and in order to achieve this, while reviewing the performance of the government elites in Iran, it highlights the main obstacles of the transition to democracy in Iran, and discusses about the ideological government, mass society, and the rentier economy structure.

The present paper studies the mutual effects of politics and power on the geographical environment, that is to say, the effects of the political decisions on geographical environment. To do so, after explaining the procedure of the formation and the vicissitudes of the history of political geography in the world, the paper concentrates on conditions of political geography in Iran. Geography, especially military geography, in Iran first came into focus in 1931 with a book called The Comprehensive Geography of Iran written by Mas’ood Keihan. But, the founder of political geography and geopolitics as a discipline is Dr. Mir-Heidar who wrote The Principles of Political Geography in 1968. Tarbiat Modarres University’s measure to initiate a Ph.D. program in political geography in 1987 is a turning point in the history of the discipline in Iran. This encouraged other universities to set up the program at different levels. Since the 90s the discipline ascended to its peak in Iran. The paper also focuses on the conditions of political geography departments in the Iranian universities and on the future perspective, the capabilities, and the predicaments of political geography.

This article has studied political stability situation in religious democracy system with a focus on conditions provided by the Islamic Republic of Iran. Evidence of the article indicates that materialization of political stability in religious democracy system requires provision of eight-folded conditions in the process of socio-political changes and vice versa political instability in the Islamic Republic of Iran is also a phenomenon that can emerge when one of these conditions disappears. This research pays exact attention to different strategies and mechanisms concerning political stability through looking into basic factors of political stability in internal and external climate on the status quo of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results of this research deal with presentation of proposals and requirements of recovering political stability on the status quo of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The present research, with the emphasis on the concept of social capital and its components, has tried to introduce its constituent elements, such as: the level of trust, cooperation, the expansion of social networks and participation, and in particular political participation, examines the state of social capital from the perspective of academic scholars in political science and social sciences. In this research, correlation analysis has been used quantitatively and qualitatively. In collecting information by documentary and library methods, focusing on interviewing the owners (university professors, sociologists and political experts) has been done. And by asking questions in three parts: first, the meaning of second social capital, the status of social capital, and the third, the context of this situation, to examine the concept of social capital in Iran. According to interviewees, the three characteristics of social trust, social cohesion, social participation are considered as the main elements of social capital. The undesirable and unfavorable state of social capital, the decline and decline of social trust are due to the reasons of social unreliability, structural corruption, neglect of civil institutions in Iran. Human development, reduction of structural corruption, political legitimacy through increased social capital of the Islamic Republic of Iran.