This study aims to find information needs of users of the public libraries in Iran’s South Khorasan province based on Hill’s user study model.
survey method was used to perform the research. The population included all accredited members of the public libraries in Iran’s South Khorasan Province until the end of 2012 August 2 with an estimated number of 23594 members. Reliability of questionnaire was measured by Chronbach’s alpha and validity of it was approved by related faculty members of universities. The data were analyzed using independent two sample t-test and One-way ANOVA test.
Findings: Most users of the public libraries in Iran’s South Khorasan Province had high school diploma, B.A. and BSC degrees and one third of the total sample population received their ICDL certifications. The users claimed that their information literacy skills are above the mean level. Their most important needs were supplementary reading materials for education, literature, and religion. Most important motivations for using libraries were doing homework, classroom projects, and increasing their public information level respectively. Outdated resources, scarcity of information materials and the lack of internet access were the most significant obstacles to meet user's information needs. The libraries sources and services moderately satisfied the user's needs. Users’ information needs significantly vary in Gender and education level factors.
Originality/Value: This research shows the key points of emphasis in the resource provision. Public libraries should concentrate on the supplementary reading books for education, and services that help students in doing their assignments. Schools and public libraries should run mutual coordinated programs to help students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of educating grouping information counseling on the library anxiety and libraries behaviors users in public libraries. The research method was experimental with comparing the results of pre-test and post test of two groups of experimental and control after educational courses about information counseling. The sample population of this research was the members of Foolad shahr Shahid Tavakoli library. 30 members were voluntary selected and put them in two groups. 6 sessions of 90 minutes were established for educating information counseling courses for experimental group. Self made questionnaire used for gathering data. Data were analyzed by using independent covariance with SPSS software. Results indicated that there were significant differences between two groups in terms of students’ scores regarding the pre and post test between five experimental and control group in Self efficacy users’ and interesting to study library anxiety، users come back again and Enjoyment of public library (p<0/005). In other words، information counseling courses had effects on library users such as Self efficacy users، interesting to study، library anxiety، users come back again and Enjoyment of public library. Originality/value: This research is important to explain that the effect of group counseling on improving the efficiency of information users in public libraries on the aspects of library anxiety and behavior is investigating by using a new style.

this study aims to identify the effective factors in attracting users of public libraries in Sanandaj city, using the marketing mix. A questionnaire was developed by the researcher based on the marketing mix factors. Sanandaj public libraries’ statistics showed that 7281 users have visited public libraries before December 2014. The sample size was 366 users by Cochran formula. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. We used the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, t-test, variance analysis, and pattern of a single first-order. findings showed that marketing mix factors influenced the attraction of users of public libraries in Sanandaj city. Also, promotion, place and product factors influenced the attraction of users of public libraries in Sanandaj city. However, price did not influence it. Significant difference was not found between marketing mix and demographic variables. Results showed that marketing mix factor influenced the attraction of users of public libraries in Sanandaj city.

In today's era, public libraries have become one of the largest knowledge production bases with various sources and references, whose efficient management can have a significant impact on the development of users' information literacy. In addition, the problems and challenges caused by the accelerated speed of production and distribution of knowledge and information in the last two decades have prompted public libraries to use the knowledge of organizations to develop new and appropriate tools.. In this regard, what has attracted the attention of information science and epistemology experts is the knowledge management system, which has found a prominent role and importance in libraries. In this context, it is concluded that knowledge has been accumulated in a wide way in the sources and references of libraries as well as in the experiences of librarians; therefore, the necessary ground for exploiting this knowledge and experiences in order to improve the information literacy of users should be provided. In this way, the question of the present research is what is the efficient model for establishing knowledge management in public libraries in order to improve users' information literacy?

Literature Review:

Dalkir (2011) collected the different cycles of knowledge management that have been identified, confirmed, and practically implemented by different researchers and summarized them in four general stages, which are: 1- acquiring and creating knowledge, 2- sharing and disseminating knowledge, 3- applying and reusing knowledge, and 4- evaluating and retrieving knowledge. Because the knowledge management cycle offered by Dalkir has empirical support and has been successfully used by different libraries, the current research has also used the mentioned cycle.Several models have been introduced to measure information literacy, but since the model of eight enablers was more compatible with the cultural situation and local conditions of developing countries, including Iran, therefore, in the current research, it is practical to measure the information literacy of library users. Public funds of Khuzestan province were used. This model includes eight steps of identification, exploration, selection, organization, creation, presentation, evaluation and application of knowledge and information.

The current research has been done using the metacomposite technique and the Delphi technique. By implementing the six meta-composition steps, 94 components of knowledge management and 80 components of information literacy were extracted from 150 articles and categorized by content analysis technique. With the formation of the expert group and the three-step implementation of the Delphi technique, a consensus was reached among the expert members on 45 components of knowledge management and 40 components of information literacy, and based on the approved components, two separate questionnaires were created for data collection. Data were compiled and collected from librarians and users of public libraries in Khuzestan province. To measure the validity of the questionnaires, the agreement coefficient of the expert group was estimated at 0.772 for the knowledge management questionnaire and 0.794 for the information literacy questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha method was also used to measure reliability. The alpha value of the knowledge management questionnaire was estimated at 0.979 and the alpha value of the information literacy questionnaire was estimated at 0.982. The statistical population of the research included 284 librarians on the one hand, and 45,582 active users over 18 years old of public libraries in Khuzestan province on the other hand. To determine the sample size, using Cochran's formula, 181 librarians and 497 users were selected.

The results of the research showed that the average implementation of knowledge management in the public libraries of Khuzestan province was %60.10, which is higher than the average. Also, the average information literacy of public library users in Khuzestan province was %54.57, which was also higher than the average. The results of the research hypotheses test showed that the implementation of the "knowledge acquisition process" in public libraries with a coefficient of 0.84 has been effective in improving the information literacy of users. The implementation of the "knowledge sharing" process in public libraries has had an impact on the information literacy of users with a coefficient of 0.92. Implementation of the process of "use of knowledge" in public libraries has had an effect on the information literacy of users with a coefficient of 0.88. The implementation of the "Knowledge Evaluation" process in public libraries has had an effect on the information literacy of users with a coefficient of 0.84. Finally, the "Implementation of knowledge management technology" in public libraries of Khuzestan province has had an impact on users' information literacy by % 51.

Public libraries need to use new and appropriate tools in order to achieve their most important goal of existence, which is to develop knowledge and information literacy skills of the society. Because now these libraries have become important learning centers; where knowledge management is one of the main activities related to their new role. In the growing space of knowledge management, public libraries can no longer limit their activities to organizing collections; rather, with efficient and effective management, research and development of knowledge, creation of knowledge base, exchange and sharing of knowledge between employees and users, providing users access to information resources and especially online resources, explicit knowledge processing and tacit knowledge acquisition and realization focus on sharing them.

The present research has shown that knowledge management technology in public libraries can be effective in improving the information literacy of users. Therefore, the current research has proposed the four-stage model of Dal-Kir, which had successful experimental records, in order to properly implement and establish knowledge management. Also, in order to accurately measure the level of information literacy of users in public libraries, the current study has proposed an information literacy model of eight enablers that is more compatible with the cultural environment of our country.

The purpose of this study is to assess the instructional needs of Iranian public libraries’ users.

In order to conduct the assessment of instructional needs, the agreement-based needs assessment model and Internet survey method were used, the data were collected through distribution of electronic questionnaires among public library users across the country. The research population consisted of all public libraries’ users in Iran in 1399 SH, whose number was 1842858 according to the staticstics of Iran Public Libraries Foundation. According to the Krejcie-Morgan table, 775 cases were selected as the research sample using the stratified sampling method. A researcher-made closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data, and the content validity of the questionnaire was verified by 5 people including project supervisor, education and research experts of Iran Public Libraries Foundation, faculy members of education sciences and knowledge and information science, and the reliability of the questionnaire was equal to 0.92 according to Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, and statistical tests including sample t-test and Friedman test.

The results showed that out of 75 instructional courses, 38 instructional courses are required by users of public libraries in Iran, and in particular life skills courses, mental health promotion, learning and study skills, couples communication skills, media literacy, physical health promotion, Internet skills, information literacy, camera and mobile photography, Internet-based business, parenting, Word processing, entrepreneurship and business skills, PowerPoint presentation, resume writing, and installing Windows, respectively, are 16 prioritized instructional courses and the most important training courses required by the users of public libraries in Iran. By implementing these nationwide instructional courses, Iranian public libraries will be able to obviate the personal and professional instructional needs of target users.

 In spite of the emphasis on instruction as one of the main missions of the Iran Public Libraries Foundation, research evidences show that Iranian public libraries have not considered the instructional needs assessment of target users, which is necessary for designing and implementing nationwide instructional courses. dentification of the instructional needs of Iranian public library users is theis reseach contribution. The results of this study help the instructional officials of Iran Public Libraries Foundation to design instructional courses which fit the instructional needs of target users, and to take effective steps to achieve the strategic goal of instruction as well.

This research aimed at the study of the effect of provided services on perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty of users of public libraries in Rasht city.
This research is an applied research in terms of objective and descriptive survey regarding data collection method and correlative regarding data analysis. Besides, we used library research and field research methods for gathering background and field data. Also, we used a localized standard questionnaire as main tool. Content validity of the questionnaire was approved by nine related specialists and construct validity was examined and approved by confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability of the tool had good measure of chronbach’s alpha. Then we distributed the questionnaire randomly among 450 users of public libraries in Rasht City and finally, 400 questionnaires were returned and used for analysis. For final analysis, we used structural equation modeling method by means of Amos statistical software.
Findings: Data analysis and statistical tests showed that Perceived value of provided services creates a sense of satisfaction for users and thus evokes their sense of loyalty to the services. Also, significant correlation was not observed between perceived value and brand loyalty. In addition, the significant and direct correlation among services including electronic resource provision, print publication repository and library environment and perceived value variable have been approved. But, we can’t find a significant relationship between the electronic resource service provision, print publication repository and library environment and satisfaction variable.
Originality/Value: In this research we tried to show that up-to-date provision of print and electronic resources have a significant effect on the perceived value and satisfaction of end users. Thus, we must be lay greater emphasis on the provision of electronic resource and up-to-dateness of print resources repository.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine how social networks for knowledge sharing by users public libraries of the city of Kerman.
In this study of qualitative approach and methodology underlying theory is used. The study population Kerman All user’s public libraries and sample using theoretical sampling were selected consecutively. Data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews with the participants in this study. To determine the validity and reliability study of Lincoln and Guba assess the validity and reliability of quantitative research was used. Data is encrypted on the basis of theoretical analysis in three stages open encryption, encryption key and encryption selection and then using regular methods of collecting data to identify real issues and scientific themes addressed during the 64 propositions concept finally, based on the extraction and analysis of the real issues were discussed.
Findings and The findings showed that current users of public libraries in Kerman social networks to share knowledge, experiences, ideas, group activities, entertainment and leisure time are used but generally negative views of the people of the functioning of social networks, but at the same time based communication and sharing of knowledge in this area exists.

The term "user studies" refers to the investigations on topics related to the users who deal with a type of user information. The range of studies for general users of the library is extensive and varied, and is associated with the methods and tools used to search for the information required by the user, the use of information obtained, user consent or disagreement with the information obtained, the flow of information, and so on. The purpose of public library users' studies is to increase the dynamic interaction between the information source and the user and serve as a tool for systematically reviewing the characteristics and behavior of users in using public library systems and services and in direct connection with the effectiveness of service information and assessment the needs of User’s information. Studies in Iran show that the focus has been on issues and barriers and factors of using public library, library location and library services. Despite the various studies in Iran, there is still no light and adaptive between studies inside and outside the country and there is no study of the causes of the differences in focusing on subjects in internal and foreign studies; therefore, systematic reporting can play a significant role in this field. Therefore, the present study aims to summarize and report systematically and structurally the results of various studies conducted in the field of user studies for efficient and effective planning and policy making.

 This research is in the field of library research. It’s purpose is to measure the research in the field of user studies. Information needed in the first step is to use the keyword search for user studies, user study, public library user studies, and the importance of user studies among Google Scholar, Scopus, JSTOR, and Science Direct databases and Keywords for user studies, public library users, users of public libraries, audience engagement among SIDs, Magiran's public databases, and the topic of research from the site of the Quarterly Journal of Research on Information Science and Public Libraries In order to identify and cover most of the published articles and documents, a certain timeframe for search was not selected. The criteria for entering the study include all studies conducted, including books, articles presented at conferences, as well as articles published in both Farsi and English. All articles were evaluated by two evaluators using existing checklist after extraction from the databases using the mentioned keywords. Among the foreign article, after the removal of items that had a weak relationship with the study objectives, 18 English articles were identified and 69 Persian sources were identified. Finally, 38 Persian articles were studied. After the study, the extracted information was summarized and analyzed manually. Table 1 and 2 show an overview of the articles under review.  

The findings of the review of the studies are presented in four sections, a. Distribution of the areas studied in user studies, b. Components and Sub-Components of User Studies, c. The relationship between variables and d. evolution of user studies.  A. Research areas for user studies, Research areas of user studies in 14 areas of barriers to library use, factors of library use and reasons for inclining the library, library service and studies, user satisfaction, introducing effective methods of research into user studies, library resources, studying information needs, bibliography and introduction. The study of published studies, the identification of the local library community, the history of user studies, the study of non-users of the library, the analysis of the use of the library, the habits of studying individuals, the priority of users in the use of information channels were identified. B. Components in user studies The components of foreign history in the form of 16 components, library services, library resources, library location, accessibility Convenience and attractiveness of the library environment, librarians and staff, personal reasons, equipment, space, hours of library use, membership The needs of the audience, need assessment, digitization and technology infrastructure, the use of other types of cadres instead of public libraries, the establishment of user education courses, resource management training, organizational rules and regulations.  C. Related variables affecting the use of public libraries Significant relationships reported in the studies were as follows: The relationship between income and the use of public libraries The relationship between education and the use of public libraries The relationship between Gender and the use of public libraries The relationship between age and the use of public library The relationship between leisure time and library use The relationship between the use of the Internet and the use of public libraries The Impact of Educational Institutions (University and School) "and" The Impact of the Family and the Use of the Public Library "on the use of the Library  D. The evolution of user studies The evolution of user studies in the two periods before and after 1980 has been grouped among foreign backgrounds. The findings showed that the subjects, the statistical population was studied, the approaches and methods of research used in the period before and after the 1980s were different. In fact, the 1980s have been a turning point in the changes that have occurred in the field of user studies.

Findings about the relationship between variables in the internal and external studies show great differences, including in the internal studies, there is a negative relationship between increasing age, education, increasing leisure time and using public libraries. By increasing these components, Decreases the use of public library that the public library did not provide adequate resources and services for the elderly, and the people with a high level of education. Also, with increasing leisure time, fewer people go to the public library, which indicates the lack of attractiveness of the library for spending leisure time in the public library. While in foreign studies, with increasing age, the use of public libraries increases. Also, people with higher education are more likely to use the library (indicates the availability of appropriate resources and services for this group of people). Also, in foreign studies, people in their leisure time use more than a public library, and consider the library as a place to spend a quiet day, and also after having a busy day, it is preferable to go to the public library for relaxation elsewhere.

Present paper is an applied research aimed at studying users’ barriers and difficulties in using public libraries in 2013-2014.
We used survey method and research population consists of all users (23,153) of Iran’s Hamadan province public libraries. Simple random method was used for sampling and the sample consists of 289 members. Research tool is a researcher made questionnaire that constructed on the basis of Pateman & Vincent (2010) Model. Reliability of questionnaire measured by Cronbach’s alpha (0.86) and validity of it approved by related faculty members.
Findings: Findings indicated that there is a significant correlation between such independent variables as “people’s proper economic situation”, “social pedagogical foundations”, “family”, “librarians’ awareness”, “proper location of library” and “users’ gender” with a dependent variable namely “the rate of going to public libraries”. These independent variables were considered as intensifying factors in public library use. On the other hand, no significant correlation was found between such independent variables as “users’ distance/proximity to public libraries”, “the level of provided services by public libraries”, “people’s bad economic situation”, “user’s age and education” and dependent variable “public library use”.
Origin/Value: We tried to show important role of people’s proper economic situation, social pedagogical foundations, family, librarians’ knowledge and proper location of library. Public library administrators can concentrate on these elements to improve public library use.

The present research aims to study the relationship between organizational atmosphere and organizational commitment in the public libraries of Mashhad city. The present research is an applied descriptive survey research. The population is 117 librarians in the public libraries of Mashhad city. Data collection was done by questionnaires. The research questionnaire was designed based on Halpin and Craft’s organizational atmosphere description and Meyer and Allen’s organizational commitment questionnaire. The findings showed that librarians’ satisfaction with organizational atmosphere conditions in the items related to the individual’s interaction with other staff (with total average of 4. 17) is higher than their satisfaction in terms related to the interaction between the staff and the manager (with the total average of 2. 83). It was found that the respondents’ organizational commitment in all indexes is higher than average (3). Generally، there is no significant relationship between organizational atmosphere and organizational commitment in Mashhad city public libraries. Also، in terms of organizational commitment، there is no significant difference between male and female librarians، while the librarians with no degree in library science have more organizational commitment than those who have a degree. Originality/Value: Till now، no research has been conducted regarding the organizational atmosphere and organizational commitment in Iran. This research has been conducted in the public libraries of Mashhad city for this purpose. This research also discusses one of the basic issues in the field of man power in libraries which needs deeper research.