Following national family planning programs in Iran, oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have been widely used by women in reproductive ages. Although OCPs considered safe in many cases, some complications are rarely reported and its prescription is contraindicated in some disorders. In most references OCP is one of the probable predisposing factors mentioned for pityriasis versicolor Since there are no studies supporting a definite relation between OCP and Pityriasis versicolor, the present study was conducted to confirm this theory. Methods and Material: A case-control study was carried out, from oct 2004 to oct 2005, on samples of female patients (n=186) referring to Dermatology clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad. Of these patients, 62 were pityriasis versicolor case group and 124 were the control group. A questionnaire was used as a profile seeking information. The diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations and direct smear of the lesions and Wood lamp findings. Data were analysed by SPSS and statistical tests. Most of the patients (46.2%) were 20-29 years old. The majority of patients were housewives, mostly rural population (90.3%). There was no considerable association, between rural or urban localizations and pityriasis versicolor (p= 0.59). The most common form of the lesions was hyperpigmented and localized ones in upper trunk. Positive family history was recorded in 41.6% of cases, and 7.3% in controls. Cases, 24.2% consumed OCP, indicating that there was no significant relationship between OCP consumption and pityriasis versicolor (p =1.00). All OCP users used LD (Low Dose) pills. According to this study OCPs do seem to be a predisposing factor for pityriasis versicolor. OCPs may even have a protective effect on pityriasis versicolor by decreasing the sebum secretion. Therefore a change in contraception method for eradication of Pityriasis versicolor in OCP users is unnecessary.

Adenosarcoma is a rare uterine tumor composed of benign epithelial and malignant stromal elements. In 20% of cases stroma contains heterologous elements (usually from stratified muscle type). Association between Tamoxifen usage (exogenous strogen) or ovarian thecoma (endogenous strogen) and occurance of this tumor has been reported. This is a case report of a uterine Adenosarcoma. Case: The patient was a 45 years old woman with history of 16 years OCP use who was admitted with a uterine mass and undergone total hysterectomy. Microscopic assessment of slides, stained by H&A, was indicator of Adenosarcoma with cartilage heterologous elements. Uterine Adenosarcoma is a rare tumor. Although there is a few reports of cartilage heterologous elements in uterine Adenosarcoma, this case had multiple cartilage points in stroma. Also in this case, the coexistance of this tumor with long- term OCP use was considerable.

It has been shown that contraceptive pills, which are commonly used orally, have some side effects, such as vomiting, nausea, high blood pressure. Vaginally usage of the contraceptive pills reduces these side effects. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of orally and vaginally usage of low dose contraceptive pills on bleeding pattern in dysfunctional uterine bleeding. In this clinical trial study, 100 women who had been referred to the Shahid-Beheshti and Al-Zahra hospitals of Isfahan as having dysfunctional uterine bleeding were divided into two equal groups. Groups 1 were given contraceptive pills orally and group 2 vaginally. Using pictorial bleeding assessment, the amount and duration of uterine bleeding were measured at the beginning and end of the study. In addition, the side effects of the pills were evaluated at the end of the study from both groups. Data were analyzed using Chi- square test. Low dose contraceptive pill in vaginal route decreased bleeding amount and duration of bleeding more effectively than oral rout (P<0.05). The side effects of contraceptives, such as nausea and vomiting was significantly higher in orally-used group compared to the vaginally-used group (P<0.05), but vulvo-vaginitis was significantly higher in vaginally-used group (P<0.05). Using the contraceptive pill by vaginal rout is a safe method with few side effects compared with the oral rout.

Cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a relatively rare disease with high potential of disability and mortality. The most frequently reported occurrence is seen in adolescent women during reproductive age. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors of CVST in hospitalized patients over the years of 2009 to 2010 in Zanjan province.
In this descriptive study, patients with confirmed diagnosis of CVST by MRI with and without contrast and Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV) were included. Demographic variables of patients and main CVST risk factors were obtained by interviewing the patients and their families and by referring to laboratory test records of the patients. Prevalence of risk factors was calculated using SPSS software.
The study comprised 33 patients including 32 females and one male with the mean age of 36.5±10.7 years of whom 19 were affected over the holy month of Ramadan or Hajj times and 26 had a history of contraceptive components consumption. Most clinical complications, clinical signs, predisposing factors, CT scan results and affected sinus based on MRI and MRV were headache (93.9%), papilledema ( 69.6%), use of contraceptive products (78.7%), normal view (33.33%) and superior sagital sinus (69.7%).
Given that the outstanding risk factor involved contraceptive products, it is recommended that women cease contraceptive components consumption especially for short term periods and consult their physician in cases of underlying hematologic and thrombophilic disorders at pilgrimage, Hajj or Ramadan times, especially during hot seasons.

Endometrial hyperplasia is the overgrowth of endometrial glands due to prolonged unopposed estrogenic stimulation. Its major clinical symptom is abnormal uterine bleeding (especially perimenopausal). The disease has several risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia and its risk factors in perimenopausal period in women who referred to Yahyanezhad educational and therapeutic center because of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) between 2000 and 2003. In this descriptive- analytic (cross- sectional) study, we surveyed the records of perimenopausal patients (40-60 years) referring to Yahyanezhad hospital, affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, for having AUB between 2000 and 2003. Information regarding age, diabetes melitus (DM), hypertension, hormone therapy, endometrial hyerplasiabased on pathology specimen for every patient was gathered. The data were then analysed by SPSS -10 software using Fisher exact test at the significant level of P≤ 0.05. A total of 366 perimenopausal AUB records were studied. Of these, 73 cases had endometrial hyperpalsia. Relative abundance of hyperplasia was about 19.9% in the studied population. Also, it was found that the studied risk factors including aging, DM, hypertension, and estrogen hormone replacement therapy increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia. In none of the cases there was a significant relationship between endometrial hyperplasia and the risk factors, but taking oral contraceptive pills (OCP) had significantly decreased hyperplasia (P<0.05). Endometrial hyperplasia in the studied region had a high frequency. DM, hypertension, old age, and history of hormone replacement therapy were not diagnosed as major risk factors of the disorder, but OCP was found to have preventive effect.

Menstrual disorders are common in puberty, but they are of great concern to patients when presented with primary amenorrhea. This paper reports the case of a 17-year-old single female with secondary sexual characteristics and a suspicious mass in pelvic floor. She also complained from chronic pelvic pain. In laboratory tests, the hormone levels were normal and ultrasound scan showed a 50 to 89 mm hypoechoic adnexal mass. Computerized Tomography scan and Magnetic resonance imaging also confirmed the ultrasound findings. Due to the suspicious nature of the mass and chronic pain, the patient was subject to laparotomy, but was unwilling to undergo surgery, so, she was treated with oral estrogen and progesterone for 21 days. After discontinuation of medication, the first menstrual bleeding occurred. After the bleeding period (nine days), ultrasound scan was performed and no lump or lesion were reported. In cases where the patient has primary amenorrhea, despite the presence of pelvic mass, in case of normal laboratory tests and physical examination, a short term period with contraceptive pills is recommended.

Pregnancy prevention raises much concern to many pet owners. Female cats usually show undesirable behaviour during oestrus. Nowadays, researchers try to explore the reliable and effective ways to prevent oestrus signs in queens. The results of their studies prove that hormone therapy is probably one of the most reliable methods for this purpose. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of three steroidal preparations on oestrus suppression in queens. Twenty clinically healthy adult female cats and three healthy adult male cats with natural libido were used in the present study. The female cats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 5). The male cats were caged separately and maintained near females for sexual stimulation. The photoperiod was regulated artificially to induce oestrus in cats (14 h light and 10 h dark). The experimental cats were kept in a roofed room for about 3 months for adaptation and confirmation of oestrus detection. After this period, group I (control group) did not receive any treatment, group II received 12.5 mg methyltestosterone/week orally for 90 days, group III received one tablet of contraceptive LD/day (0.15 mg levonorgestrel + 0.03 mg ethinyloestradiol) orally for 90 days and group IV received 3 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate intramuscularly. The cats were monitored clinically every day (4 h in the morning and 4 h in the afternoon). The number of queens observed in oestrus and the number of oestrous cycles were recorded during the study. The results of the present study showed that in group I (control) oestrus was detected twice in 2 out of 3 cats. In group II oestrus was detected 3 times in 3 cats, which was not statistically different to that of the group I (P>0.05). In group III oestrus was detected 13 times (more than the other groups). All 5 cats of this group showed oestrus, which was statistically increased compared to group I (P<0.05). In group IV no oestrus was detected, which was statistically decreased compared to group I (P<0.05). According to our results, methyltestosterone prevented the oestrus for only 1 month so that it can be used for oestrus suppression for a short time; contraceptive LD unexpectedly increased the frequency of oestrus in queens, therefore this drug can not be advised for prevention of the oestrus in queens; however, medroxyprogesterone acetate completely prevented the oestrus during the treatment. Therefore, Medroxyprogesterone acetate is reliable, and only one injection is sufficient to prevent the occurrence of the oestrous cycle.