Meyamey fault, one of the major faults in the northeast of Iran, has played an important role in the regional depositional basin development and created many geomorphologic features. This fault has proved to be an important subject for study in terms of structural geology, fault mechanisms, fault interactions and the relation between faults and folds. Field measurements in the eastern part of the Meyamey fault zone depict that faults are mainly striking towards NE with dips of up to 50º and gentle lineation. Folds also follow the same trend. Calculated maximum stress axis in Armain fault is in NE direction, whereas in Meyamey and Ghods faults are in SE direction and are horizontal. Moreover, in the eastern Meyamey fault area, this fault shear zone Chah Seidabad fault, in which X and R, R fractures are evident.

In this research، the geometric and kinematic relationships between longitudinal and transverse faults in Dasht-e bu region (northwest of Damghan، eastern Alborz belt) were studied. All the longitudinal faults (Mila، Sabur and Mahtab faults) extend along NE-SW direction، whereas the transverse faults (Cheshmeh gholghol، north Tuyeh and Dasht-e bu faults) represent nearly N-S trending structures. The transverse faults are hangingwall tear faults which resulted from thrusting occurred on longitudinal faults. There is a geometric and kinematic relationship between the two groups of faults، so that the longitudinal faults can be considered to play the role of transfer faults for the transverse faults. Movement along the transverse faults (lateral ramps) is diminished toward their tips and is transferred to the longitudinal faults.

 Active faults as seismic faults, cause a great deal of damage each year through the creation of seismic impulses and surface ruptures in different parts of the world. These faults, due to the persistence of tectonic stresses, have a significant potential for re-motions, which subsequently cause more casualties. Therefore, understanding these faults the concepts associated with them is very useful in the strategic planning of a country. One of the most important of these concepts is fault territory. The most important causes of earthquake damage are construction within the fault territory. To understand this concept, other concepts such as fault scarp, fault migration, blind fault, fault system evolution, density maps, avoidance zones, geometrical parameters, and fault splay are to be considered. In this study, with an overview of these concepts as well as studies conducted in the east of Iran including the 470 m left-lateral displacement along the Dasht-e Bayaz fault, we attempt to provide a clearer concept of fault territory that includes these definitions.

Pacific and Alpine-Himalayan belts are two major seismic zones in the world, and Iran is situated in the middle of the Alpine-Himalayan belt. The presence of numerous active faults has made Kerman province one of the earthquake-prone regions. The Kohbanan, Lekarkoh and Naiband faults in the north of Kerman, the Gok and Shahdad faults in the center and the Bam and Sabzevaran faults in the south of the province are the most prominent faults in the region. What is important about the fault is the magnitude of the possible earthquake due to the movement of the fault and the seismic power of a fault. Determining the zone and width of the fault is very important for settlements and villages with cities. The existence of the city and thousands of villages in the fault zone or within a radius of a few kilometers in the region, which is at risk of earthquakes and the dangers caused by it, and the determination of the faults zone. In this research, an attempt is made to determine the boundaries of the faults by studying and investigating the location of the faults in the region, while measuring the seismic power of the active and important faults, according to the fault mechanism. It has also been introduced and identified areas and areas favorable for earthquakes. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to determine the urban and rural settlements located in the fault zone according to the fault mechanism.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and is a type of applied research that identifies residential centers located in the area of active faults zone in Kerman province. Data collection tools in this study include written documents, statistical data (quantitative and qualitative statistics), visual documents and field studies. Also, topographic maps, geology, digital elevation model (DEM), altitude maps, slope maps, major and minor fault maps, regional earthquake maps, urban points maps and rural points maps were used in the research. Research Society: Regional faults, Urban and rural residential areas. Software used: GIS, Global mapper, Google Earth.

The investigations and studies performed in this work confirmed that Kerman Province is a tectonically active region. The presence of numerous seismically active major faults and the occurrence of too many earthquakes in the province have made it a seismically active site in Iran. In general, the regional faulting systems follow some northwest – southeast and north/northwest – south/southeast trends, which is in agreement with the regional tectonic setting. In this respect, the Kuhbanan, Gok(Golbaf), Rafsanjan, Shahr-e-Babak, Bam, Boloord, and Davaran Faults exhibited the first trend, while the Lakar-Kooh, Sabzevaran(Jiroft), Nayband, and Anar Faults followed the second trend. In principle, the studied faults showed some dextral reverse directions. Accordingly, the Kuhbanan, Lakarkuh, Gok, Bam, Lalezar, Rafsanjan and Davaran Faults were a dextral reverse fault, the Nayband Fault was a strike-slip dextral feature, the Sabzevaran, Anar and Ravar Faults were dextral, and the Rayn Fault was reversed. In terms of activity, the Kuhbanan, Gok, Sabcevaran, Lale-Zar, Rafsanjan, and Rayn Faults were active, while the other faults were either semi-active or inactive. An important thinking to note about a fault is the magnitude of the probable earthquake upon the fault movement. A very significant hazard associated with an earthquake event is the possible rupture at the fault on the ground surface, which can be addressed only through previous recognition of the hazard and respecting the fault zone by banning any construction activity within the zone. The fault zone refers to an area around a seismically active fault wherein ground displacement and, possibly, rupture occur or are likely to occur upon later earthquakes. In the present research, statistical analysis was performed to calculate the seismic potential of different active faults across the studied area. According to the modified equation of Mohajer-Ashjaee for the Iranian faults, all of the studied active faults exhibited seismic potentials (Ms) above 7. Moreover, the map of the fault setback zone was prepared for the active faults across the region considering the fault type and the faulting mechanism using the geographic information system (GIS). Next, superimposing the fault zone map onto the map of the populated urban and rural areas, the situation of different cities and villages to the studied faults was investigated.

In the present work, once finished with identifying and investigating the active faults across the region, statistical analyses were used to calculate their seismic potential followed by investigating the adverse historical fault-driven earthquakes across the region considering the fault movement direction(dextral,normal,reversed) to prepare a map of the fault zone using the latter method. Subsequently, the fault zone map was superimposed on the populated urban and rural areas to identify the areas exposed to the risk of earthquake. The survey of urban and rural areas of Kerman province shows that 27 cities and 2266 villages are located within one kilometer of faults in the region, as well as 43 cities and 7095 villages located within one to five kilometers of faults in the region. Among them, the cities of Kohbanan, Kianshahr, Hajdak and Barwat are right in the fault zone, and the city of Golbaf is 200 meters away from the fault zone, as well as hundreds of villages are located right in the active faults zone, which is at risk of earthquakes and the dangers caused by it, hence the observance of security Buildings from design to implementation based on engineering principles are very necessary for earthquake-prone areas.

Rudbar Lorestan dam is constructed on Abrudbar River, 100 km south of Aligudarz city. There is a segment of Main Recent Fault(MRF) called Saravand – Baznavid Fault(SBF) at 1.6 km south of dam site. Using Automatic Extraction Method, based on STA Algorithm, lineaments were extracted from sattelite images and Shaded Relif Model. For detailed structural analysis, the study area was divided into three zones based on geological map. In Eslamabad Fault zone, Eslamabad fault is the main structural element, that is likely of P-type fractures. The main structure in the SBF zone is Saravand – Baznavid active Fault, which caused the drainage to be displaced as much as 500–1000m in the northern height of study area. In the Dam axis zone, the main structure is F1 fault. This fault is about 150 meters in length with right lateral strike slip component. Thermoluminescence dating, sence of movement, dominant slikenside, and the orientation of groove marks on the fault plane indicate this fault to be active. Large dicplacements along with strike- slip faults in the study area, such as F1 fault, have been considered using shear zone and enechelon models. However, the main faults in the study area is SBF, that is relate in an enechelon pattern to seismic Dourud fault and has the right potential to movement in the future

The Northern Khorasan is one of important active tectonics area. The main faults are strike slip (dextral and sinistral) and minor faults are thrust faults. Many of thrust faults are older than strike- slip faults and some of them are younger and are active now. It is because of bending of strike-slip faults that converts, them into thrust faults. We recognized active faults based on their characteristics. In this area we have two series of tensile joints and two series of shear joints. Principal stresses have the fallowing attitudes: () - (()-). Strikeslip faults can be sympathetic. For example the 1997 Bojnurd earthquake on the Yekke-shakh fault affects Baba- aman and Gharlegh faults.

The Nahavand fault is located in the middle part of the main Recent fault of Zagros with a northwest-southeast trend and in the northwest part of the Dorud fault. This fault with the strike and dip of N320/70NE and length of about 55 km has caused the deformation of the studied area. Nahavand fault and Dorud fault as parts of main Recent fault Zagros fault are arranged as right-lateral on the right step, and this structural arrangement has caused tension in the termination part of Nahavand fault. The field evidences, such as the displacement of drainages, normal separations, negative flower structure and parallel drainage show that the region is a young tension regime. Investigation of structural lineaments and fractures related to the fault using telemetry techniques and show that the main density of the extracted lineaments is with the dominant trend of N30W to N70W and the lineaments show compatibility with the fault trend. Examining the fractal dimensions of lineaments and fractures in the area separately shows that the Nahavand fault is not a continuous and straight fault, but rather an immature fault system in the area.

Zagros active fold-thrust belt lies on the northern margin of the Arabian continental crust it is a young fold-thrust mountain belt currently shortening, thickening and uplifting as a result of the collision of the Arabian and Iranian plates. Rethickening of crust during collisional orogenies could have been carried out by reversal of fault motion along the Mesozoic normal faults (Jackson 1980, Jackson and Fitch 1981, Berberian and king 1981, Jackson etal. 1981) This study constitutes contribution towards an estimation Rate of uplifting along the High Zagros Fault and fault patterns in the southern margin of High Zagros fold-thrust belt. The High Zagros deep-seated fault is located between High Zagros thrust belt and Zagros Simply Folded belt in the southern margin of the High Zagros belt. (Berberian, 1995). The Farsoon – Baghe Hiran –Goushki fault is a part of High Zaros Fault (H.Z.F) system and is located northeast of Lordegan city in Chaharmahal State.In this region on the basis of field geology a geological map (scale: 1: 50/000) is prepared. For the recognation of fault pattern, enechelon faults of H.Z.F. and estimation rate of uplifting along the H.Z.F three structural sections have been drawn. Correlation between geological structures, fault patterns in High Zagros Fault system ‘stratigraphic profiles’ enechelon. faults of H.Z.F and paleogeographic data give us an insight to many conclusions.There are many footwall-vergent shortcut thrust, hanging wall by pass thrust and hanging wall vergent back thrust developed with High Zagros fault. Footwall shortcut thrusts, hanging wall by pass thrust and backthrusts are common features of Inversion tectonic Settings. In this region, the fault pattern and stratigraphic curves indicate inversion tectonic in pre-existing extensional normal faults. -The minimum throw (uplifting) of a fault depends on the thickness of formations that is omitted along the fault and with respect to stratigraphic units thickness and geological cross sections, the minimum rate of uplifting along the H.Z.F. is about 2.05 0.1 mm/year