The goal of electron linear accelerator project in institute for research in fundamental sciences(IPM) is to build its components as many as they can in Iran. This accelerator is a traveling wave type. Investigations show that there are various techniques in forming and connecting the accelerating tube cavities. The shrinkingmethod applied for constructing the accelerating tube is selected based on the one applied for Stanford University’s Mark III accelerator. With success in building an 8-cavity test tube and finding the problems of the method, the construction of the final accelerating tube with 24 cavities has been accomplished. The results show that the obtained frequency of 2996.5 MHz and quality factor of 11,200 satisfy the design desired values.

The purpose of electron linear accelerator project in Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) has been to design and construct a S-band electron linear accelerator in such a way that all its parts be designed and built in Iran as much as possible. For more detailed evaluations and assurance, a cooper accelerating tube with the exact same specification of the main accelerating tube has also been constructed. After designing and constructing prototype tube, it was measured by applying slater perturbation method in resonance mode and steel method in non-resonance mode. Adaption of electric field in different modes for the accelerating tube after tuning with simulation values shows the accuracy of the applied construction and mesurment methods

One of the most commonly used types of accelerators is linear electron accelerator. There is a project is in progress in Institute for research in fundamental sciences (IPM) aiming to design and build such an accelerator. It is defined in such a way that all parts to be built in Iran as possibly as it can. In this paper, after a brief explanation of the components of an electron linear accelerator; including the electron gun, accelerating tube, RF power supply, vacuum system, waveguide for transmitting RF power to accelerating tube, and cooling system; specification of each of these components are presented. The maximum beam energy of 15 mega-electron volt and RF pulse power of 2.5 MW with a traveling wave structure at a frequency of 2998 MHz which is acted in π /2 mode are the most important features of this accelerator.

Nowadays, middle energy electrostatic accelerators in industries are widely used due to their high efficiency and low cost compared with other types of accelerators. In this paper, the importance and applications of electrostatic accelerators with 800 keV energy are studied. Design and simulation of capacitive coupling of a dynamitron accelerator is proposed. Furthermore, accelerating tube are designed and simulated by means of CST Suit Studio.

The study focused on the assessment of quality control tests in X-ray units from the Southern regions of Tanzania to yield the data required to create and implement quality control policies and strategies. Quality control tests were conducted on twenty-six diagnostic X-ray units in private and government hospitals in southern regions of Tanzania during 2020 – 2021. The tests focused on the reproducibility of accelerating tube potential, time reproducibility, the accuracy of accelerating tube potential, half-value layer, beam alignment, and collimation. The statistical analyses were done by using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet of 2013. The results were compared with the tolerance limits.  Of all X-ray units evaluated, 92.31% had kVp accuracy within the tolerance limit of 5% and 92% of the X-ray units had acceptable HVL values ≥ 2.3 mm Al at 80 kVp. Moreover, results have shown that 86.96% and 82.61% of X-ray units had acceptable beam collimation (≤ ±2 cm) and beam alignment (≤3% of the X-ray source and X-ray table), respectively. Comprehensive regulatory inspections and equipment maintenance plans in the Southern zone is significantly required due to the high patient workload which attributes frequent breakdown of X-ray units. Moreover, radiographers need to be trained on how to minimize and detect beam misalignment and collimation failure since the most unacceptable results were observed from these tests.

In this paper, the design and construction process of a traveling wave electron linear accelerator is presented briefly. The machine consists of an electron gun followed by a prebuncher, a traveling wave buncher, an accelerating tube and the diagnostics instruments. Solenoid magnets provide the beam focusing. A klystron has been used as the RF power source. The linac components are controlled and monitored by a comprehensive control system. All the sub systems of this accelerator are designed and developed based on the domestic technology. The output beam has a maximum energy of 4.5 MeV. The beam parameters like energy, intensity, transverse size and emittance are measurable and tunable. The IPM Linac is a unique tool for experimental R&D in accelerator and beam physics in Iran.

In a high- power acceleration structure, the friction factor is a limiting parameter and affects the energy gain of the particles. Beam can to excite acceleration modes and higher-order. The beam effects in the excitation of acceleration modes are known as beam loading. In this article, the beam loading effect for a constant impedance traveling wave accelerating tube in S band is simulated by CST software. The results are compared with the theoretical relation obtained from energy conservation. The main purpose of this article is to validate the theoretical relationship and investigate the effects of beam loading in constant impedance acceleration structures. The comparison of the results shows a good match between the simulation and the theoretical relationship. On the other hand, it can be claimed that the beam -loading effects cannot be compensated by changing the radio frequency design. The results of this study will be used to design a high-powered accelerator with an energy of 30 MeV and an average power of 30 kW in the S-band.

Side-coupled standing wave tubes in AWT IMAGE mode are widely used in the low-energy electron linear accelerator, due to high accelerating gradient and low sensitivity to construction tolerances. The use of various simulation software for designing these kinds of tubes is very common nowadays. In this paper, SUPERFISH code and COMSOL are used for designing the accelerating and coupling cavities for a 6 MeV electron linear accelerator. Finite difference method in SUPERFISH code and Finite element method in COMSOL are used to solve the equations. Besides, dimension of accelerating and coupling cavities and also coupling iris dimension are optimized to achieve resonance frequency of 2.9985 MHz and coupling constant of 0.0112. Considering the results of this study and designing of the RF energy injection port subsequently, the construction of 6 MeV electron tube will be provided

FAC is known more than 30 years in the word. It’s occurrence in deferent types of nuclear، steam and combined cycle power plants has been reported. With attention to this antiquity، the methods for it’s control or obviation، is important. In this essay single phaseFlow Accelerated (assisted) Erosion-Corrosion in High Pressure economizer tubes (HP-ECO) of Boiler Unite 1 at Kerman Combined Cycle Power plant، investigate with visual، dimensional and macrostructure check on damaged carbon steel tubes. The results show that the tube’s thickness is less than standard value، no damage to tube’s macrostructure (Ferrite-Perlite) and erosion corrosion occurrence. The most important factors due to FAC is water chemical condition، first harp design، materials properties (mechanical and metallurgical) used in harp and thermodynamic and hydrodynamic condition of fluid. In this essay un expected tube failure protect with chemical control of water (pH & O2) and change of tubes materials.

In this paper design and simulation of an optimized accelerator tube is presented for the production of light charged particles up to energy of 2 MeV. Geometry of the accelerator tube electrodes was simulated based on the Van De Graaff accelerator tubes of Atomic Energy Organization by SIMION 7.0, Virtual Device and SIMION Toolkit codes. In accelerator tube, the extracted ion beam from the ion source is accelerated and converged thru the initial electrodes which each of the electrodes potential applied are slightly less than the former. Then, beam energy is increased by resemble acceleration electrodes and is guided to the target through drift tube. In this paper, we study beam dynamic in the simulated accelerator tube and effect of the different electrodes on the beam quality by features of the beam emittance criteria.