Environment of Basrah is seriously contaminated with chemical leukomogens as a result of recent military conflicts. Many studies in the past few years have reported an increase in the incidence of leukemia in Basrah. This study was designed to study the risk and pattern of childhood leukemia in Basrah, Iraq, from 2003 to 2007. This hospital-based cancer registry study was conducted on the hospital registry between June to December 2009. All children with leukemia, aged 1 to 14 years diagnosed from January 2003 to December 2007 in the Pediatrics’ Oncology Word, Maternity and Children Hospital in Basrah, Iraq were included in the study. The records of all confirmed childhood leukemia were retrieved and studied. The specific incidence rates were calculated. The patterns of leukemia classified by age at diagnosis, gender, morphological subtypes and geographical distribution were also determined. From January 2003 to December 2007, the total number of the cases of childhood leukemia was 159. The overall age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) at this period was 5.45/100000. No temporal increase in incidence rates of childhood leukemia during this 5 year period was observed. The highest incidence rate was observed in the North of Basrah. The most common type of leukemia in this study was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), followed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) respectively. All subtypes of leukemia were more common in males. The highest percentages of ALL and CML were observed at ages between 2 to 5 years. AML occurred more commonly at age of 6 to 14 years. Leukemia was the most common childhood malignancy in Basrah. Although we observed no temporal increase in the incidence rates of childhood leukemia during the 5 year period from 2003 to 2007, leukemia incidence in children in Basrah was higher in comparison with other countries. There is a need for epidemiological studies to understand the etiology of childhood leukemia in Basrah.

The present study (i.e. the first study in Iraqi waters) identified the causes of reproduction and excessive growth of the jellyfish, which is known locally as thagolol, of the type (Catostylus Perez) in the region of Shatt Al-Basrah canal, west of Basrah city. The reproduction and excessive growth of jellyfish occurs in many estuaries and coastal areas in the world, which is a recurring global problem in the context of climate change. The conducted study included measurements of dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, temperature, nitrates, phosphate, quality and quantity of phytoplankton during the dominant of :the northwest winds; the neap tide and during a full tidal periods in October of 2018 and March of 2019. The results showed that there were thrive of jellyfish by huge numbers in Shatt Al-Basrah canal. The physical; chemical and biological causes (i.e., the local causes), were identified, namely: (1) marine salinity, (2) water column temperature stratification in the context of climate change, (3) an excessive increase in the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate, (4) abundance of phytoplankton (i.e., dinoflagellate), including Protoperidium sp. and Alexandrium; and (5) overfishing of fish. Hence, the absence of
any of these factors will lead to the absence of this type of jellyfish.

One of the most important nosocomial organisms that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) in cancer patients is Escherichia coli. A significant cause of concern in managing UTIs is the development of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Escherichia coli with carbapenem resistance has become a more serious problem, particularly in Iraq. In this regard, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E. coli in Al-Basrah, Iraq. Conventional tests and the Vitek®2 system were used to identify the isolates and determine the susceptibility of E.coli isolates to antimicrobials. In addition, E.coli isolates were tested by mCIM and eCIM methods. Moreover, the major carbapenemase genes, including blaSPM, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaKPC were detected by polymerase chain reaction. In total, 120 urine samples were collected from cancer patients who were suspected of having urinary tract infections at Basrah Center of Oncology Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Basrah, Iraq. Identification of bacterial growth by using biochemical tests revealed different bacterial species. The most frequent bacteria were E. coli (n=22, 53.65%) isolates. The results showed that 13 (59.09%) and 11 (50%) out of 22 E. coli isolates were positive for the production of carbapenemase, based on the eCIM and sCIM, respectively. The majority of E.coli in this study possessed the blaVIM gene (n=13, 59.1%), followed by the blaKPC gene (n=5, 22.73%), blaIMP gene (n=5, 22.73%), and blaSPM gene (n=4, 18.18%). There is a spread of more than one type of carbapenemase among the E. coli isolates collected from UTI cancer patients in Basrah Hospital. The E. coli identified in the current study had a strong capacity to produce carbapenemase enzymes against the four generations of antibiotics, including imipenem and meropenem antibiotics.

In this article, we attempt to study Debil Al-Khozaee's poetry. We find him a person who travelled a lot around the west and the east of Islamic world. In his journey, he acquired knowledge, belles-letters, morals and also wealth. What is important for us in this research is the geographical dimension, namely the countries and cities he visited. We, thus, study his journey to Iraq (Kufa, Baghdad, Basrah and Samerra'); Hijaz, i. e. sacred lands; Egypt (as the ruler of Aswan city); Syria (Damascus and Hems); then to the east of Islamic world, i. e. Persian lands including Deynur, Samanjan, Rey, Gorgan, Neyshabur, Khorasan, Qum and Shahrezur; to the west of the Islamic world, i. e. Morocco; his return to Iraq and finally his journey from Kufa to Basrah, and to Ahwaz and then to the city of Shush where he is buried now.

Drought is a climatological phenomenon that occurs across all climate zones of the world. It causes environmental and economic loss and can negatively affect agricultural profit, especially in dry and semi-arid areas. This study used the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to model drought impacts on agricultural production. The role of meteorological and hydrological parameters was considered simultaneously. The results revealed that: (1) the increase of drought intensity leads to the reduction of crop production, while in the case of high-level drought, the production stays consistent; (2) NDVI could model the impacts of drought on crops production (R2 = 0.60 and RMSE = 0.42); (3) NDVI had a better ability for showing SPI fluctuations, but in higher drought intensities, it was less sensitive to SPI fluctuations; (4) the spatial pattern of drought in the study area showed that the northern parts of the Basrah Governorate have the highest sensitivity to drought; (5) the temporal pattern of long-term SPI showed a high level of risk for agricultural activities due to drought; and (6) air temperature and humidity are the main meteorological parameters of crops production affecting the interpretation of the impacts of drought on agriculture production in Basrah, Iraq

This study was conducted on 50 buffaloes from Basrah Governorate, Iraq to study the genetic polymorphisms of the β-lactoglobulin gene in the local buffaloes. The lab examinations were conducted in the Genetic Engineering Laboratory, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah. DNA was extracted by kit (PureLink Genomic DNA kits, Invetrogen, USA).  The results of this technique showed the appearance of the expected gene bundle of 252 base pairs from all Iraqi buffalo samples, as the primer interacted with all DNA isolates taken from the studied buffalo samples. Digestion technique with restriction enzymes (HaeIII) was used to detect the genetic polymorphisms of β-lactoglobulin gene, exhibiting two bands to all studied buffalo samples. Only the homozygous BB genotype has been shown.

The Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the modern database software which is used to collect, analyze, display, processing and produce geographic information maps for a specific objective. In addition, a statistical analysis can be generated within GIS on specific data to produce quantitative results. In this study, the GIS utilized to produce thematic maps showing the variation of bearing capacity of shallow foundation in Al-Basrah province soil. All the features mentioned above illustrate the importance of GIS exploring more valuable results such as the bearing capacity of shallow foundation from the results of standard penetration tests (SPT) conducted in Al-Basrah province soil. The total number of boreholes drilled was 135 distributed irregularly in the study area. In each borehole, three SPTs were performed at depths of 1.5, 6, and 9.5 m measured from the existing ground level (EGL). The results of the study can be summarized by the production of thematic maps showing the variation of the bearing capacity of the soil over the whole area of Al-Basrah city correlated with several depths. These maps can be used by different local authorities to predict soil bearing capacity and choose a suitable type of foundation. In addition, it can be utilized to assess the foundations of existing and irregularly constructed buildings and to assess the extent of the risks of failure and collapse.

There are scattered reports about common recitation (Qira’at) in various regions and eras of Islam. These reports cannot provide a clear picture of the diversity and dissemination of recitations (Qira’at) in different periods of Islamic regions. One of the pieces of evidence that can help complete such data is the examination of written manuscripts from that era. In this article, the researchers have selected five manuscripts from the 7th-century Hijri found in the library of the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza. By extracting statistics on the similarity of script and manuscript drawings in these Qurans with the script and recitations (Qira’at) of native reciters from different regions, they have attempted to identify the common recitation (Qira’at) in Iran in the 7th century. According to the obtained statistics, only in Quran number 67, which dates back to the early 7th century, does the manuscript drawing resemble that of the Basrah Quran the most, while in Quran number 84, the manuscript drawing resembles both the Basrah and Kufic manuscript drawings to an equal extent. The script of the other three Qurans also has the highest similarity, with approximately four percent difference, to the Kufic script, and then Basrah. This is the first time such findings have been reported from the 4th to the 7th centuries. Concerning the strong recitation (Qira’at) in the manuscripts in Iran, from the 5th and 6th centuries, there was a gradual inclination towards Kufic recitations (Qira’at), especially the recitation (Qira’at) of Asim with both its narrations. However, in the 7th century, more clarity and intensity were found, particularly focusing on the recitation (Qira’at) of Asim.

Annina mesopotamica (Ahmed, 1971), from Iraq (Shat-Al-Arab River bank, Basrah) is redescribed. A. mesopotamica can be distinguished from other species of the genus in having a pair of short and blunt dorso-lateral horns on the male pereonite 2. A revised generic diagnosis is provided for the genus Annina.

Mycoplasma ovipneumonea (M. ovipneumonea) are microorganism's causes atypical pneumonia in (sheep and goat). Mycoplasma is isolated frequently from pneumonic cases (lung, trachea, and nose) of sheep but can also be found in the respiratory tract of healthy sheep. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and pathological examination of M. ovipneumonea in sheep. Samples in the current study were collected from sheep of both sex and 6-10 months of age in Basrah slaughterhouse, suffering from respiratory signs associated with ocular, nasal discharge, and coughing. Nasal swabs were collected from the nose before slaughtering; other swabs were collected from the trachea and bifurcation of bronchus for bacterial isolation on PPLOs. Tissue specimens are frozen for DNA gene-based PCR analysis and for preparing paraffin blocks for histopathological examination. The bacterial cultures revealed isolates of Mycoplasma were positive on (PPLO) broth with agar from the morphological colonies of Mycoplasmaovipeumonea "fried egg" type colony morphology. PCR results revealed the 16S rRNA gene of Mycoplasma sp. The appearance revealed different stages of pulmonary changes like respiratory congestion, edema, and hemorrhagic spots on the surface of the lungs, and their air passages contained inflammatory exudate. The microscopic lesions represent acute fibrinous-suppurative broncho-interstitial pneumonia. M. ovipneumoniae was a prevalent respiratory infectious disease in Iraqi's sheep-Basrah province with frequent bacterial isolation, pneumonic pathological changes in animals suffer from different respiratory manifestations.