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Albumin nanoparticles have shown great potential in cancer drug delivery. In this study, firstly, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking studies indicated a predominant hydrophobic interaction between 2,6-bis(3,4-methylenedioxybenzylidene)-1-cyclohexanone (BMC) derivative of curcumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Then, BMC was loaded in BSA nanoparticles (BSANPs) via adsorption and entrapment approaches based on desolvation technique. The structural changes and loading of BMC in BSANPs were confirmed using UV-Vis, FTIR and TGA analysis. The effect of loading process on physicochemical properties was evaluated by DLS, FESEM and calculating of the drug loading (DL) and entrapment efficiency (EE) percentages. Formulations prepared through entrapment method (BMC@BSANPs-E) showed smaller particle sizes than adsorption (BMC@BSANPs-A). However, mean particle size of NPs were controlled between 159.2±3.45 to 201.7±1.57 nm. Also, acceptable negative values were achieved for zeta potential and formulations showed spherical morphology. Larger DL% were obtained for BMC@BSANPs-A, however, higher EE% were observed for BMC@BSANPs-E. While both formulations showed a sustained release behavior in-vitro with more release in acidic pH than neutral conditions, greater cumulative release percentage was obtained for BMC@BSANPs-A. BMC release in both formulations followed the first order kinetic model and release mechanism was controlled by Fickian diffusion. Finally, cytotoxicity tests on MCF-7 cancer cells showed the improvement of the anti-cancer effect of the formulations in comparison with the free BMC.Keywords: Desolvation Synthesis Nanomedicine Controlled Release Kinetics, Cancer
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ObjectivesDifferential diagnosis of bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is important, since it may play a role in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunctions and joint symptoms. In addition, radiographic appearance of BMC may mimic tumors and/or fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and orientation of BMC based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.Materials And MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on CBCT scans of paranasal sinuses of 425 patients. In a designated NNT station, all CBCT scans were evaluated in the axial, coronal and sagittal planes to find the frequency of BMC. The condylar head horizontal angulations were also determined in the transverse plane. T-test was used to compare the frequency of BMC between the left and right sides and between males and females.ResultsTotally, 309 patients with acceptable visibility of condyles on CBCT scans were entered in the study consisting of 170 (55%) females and 139 (45%) males with a mean age of 39.43±9.7 years. The BMC was detected in 14 cases (4.53%). Differences between males and females, sides and horizontal angulations of condyle of normal and BMC cases were not significant.ConclusionThe prevalence of BMC in the studied population was 4.53%. No significant difference was observed between males and females, sides or horizontal angulations of the involved and uninvolved condyles.Keywords: Mandibular Condyle, Prevalence, Cone, Beam Computed Tomography
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ObjectivesSport is one of the best ways to prevent osteoporosis; however, not all sports have the same impact on bones, for instance, swimming (SW) may have no effect or be harmful. Elite athletes are the best choice to detect the effects of any sport. Thus, this study was conducted firstly to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of elite athletes in vol leyball (VB), basketball (BB), and long-distance running (LR) together, and secondly to compare those corresponding values in SW athletes with those of non-athletes (NA).MethodsThe subjects (n=58) of this cross-sectional study included elite male athletes (members of Iran's national teams, with a minimum of 12-15 hours of training per week) and NA (control; C) who were divided into BB, VB, LR, SW (n=12 for each), and C (n=10) groups. The DEXA scan measured the amount of BMD and BMC values in the lumbar spine (LS; L2-L4) and proximal femur (PF; neck, trochanter, and Ward’s triangle) areas.ResultsIn the LS areas, LR had significantly higher BMD than the BB, VB, SW, and C groups (P<0.001), while for BMC, both LR and VB were significantly superior to other groups (P<0.001). Moreover, the BMD and BMC of the PF areas of VB and BB were significantly higher than those of the LR, SW, and C groups (P<0.001). Finally, in all areas, SW showed significantly higher BMD and BMC, compared to the C group (except for trochanter and femur neck BMC) (P<0.05).ConclusionLR athletes showed the most bone acquisition in the LS areas and VB players in the PF areas, while BB players ranked third in osteoporosis prevention in the mentioned regions. Unexpectedly, SW athletes also had better BMD and BMC than NA; therefore, after weight-bearing sports, this type of sport can be effective in bone acquisition. Level of evidence: IIIKeywords: Basketball, Bone mineral density, Elite athletes, Osteoporosis, Running, Swimming, Volleyball
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BackgroundThe muscle-bone unit represents an evolutionary system, in which both of its components are under the common control of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), sex hormones, and vitamin D. The mutual interactions between these hormones maintain integrity, growth and maturation of pubertal bone mass. Thus, insufficiency of any of these hormones will negatively influence development of the skeleton during puberty.ObjectivesThe aim of the study as to analyse the correlation between muscle mass, total bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (BMD L1-L4), and serum or urine hormones.Materials And MethodsTotal BMC (g) and areal BMD L1-L4 (g/cm2 and Z-score) as well as muscle mass and fat mass (g) were assessed by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The Z-score is the number of standard deviations a patient´s BMD which differs from the average BMD of their age, sex, and ethnicity. This Parameter is used in children. Muscle force (N) was measured using a dynamometer.ResultsThe simple correlations showed strong positive associations between BMC or BMD L1-L4 (g/cm2) and serum phosphate, estradiol, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), leptin and fat masses, and muscle force (P < 0.001 for all parameters). Positive correlations were also observed between BMD and serum phosphate (P < 0.01), IGF-I (P < 0.01), estradiol (P < 0.001), leptin (P < 0.01), fat and lean mass (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) and muscle force (P < 0.001). The partial correlations, after eliminating the impact of height, Tanner stage, and physical activity level, confirmed positive relationships between either BMC or BMD L1-L4 and lean mass (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) and fat mass (P < 0.001 for BMC and BMD). Furthermore, a positive relationship was observed between serum leptin and both BMC and BMD (Z score) (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). After removing the effects of height, Tanner stage, and physical activity, positive associations were observed between lean mass and IGF-I (P < 0.01), leptin levels (P < 0.05), and muscle force (P < 0.01).ConclusionsOn the basis of the study results, it can be expected that low values of lean or fat mass, and insufficient production of IGF-I or leptin, could negatively influence bone development in pubertal girls.
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PurposeGiven that weight and body mass index (BMI) are considered as modifiable factors in osteoporosis, the present study aimed to examine the relationship of weight and BMI with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at the femur and lumbar vertebrae in perimenopausal women.MethodsIn this descriptive-correlational study, we measured the bone density of the femur and lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) of 40 women in perimenopause stage (Mean±SD age: 42.85±1.86 years; Mean±SD weight: 69.55±10.97 kg; Mean±SD height: 159.42±6.01 cm; and Mean±SD BMI: 27.60±4.04 kg/m2) using a bone densitometry system. The study data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis, at 0.05 significance level. All analyses were performed using SPSS v. 21.ResultsWomen in the normal group were significantly different from women in the obese group with regard to BMD and BMC (P=0.001). Weight and BMI were positively correlated with BMD and BMC. Weight and BMI, together, could explain 42% and 37% of the variance of BMD and BMC at the lumbar vertebrae, respectively; and 70% and 63% of the variance of BMD and BMC at the total hip, respectively.ConclusionThe results of the present study support the predictive role of weight and BMI in BMD and BMC. Therefore, future studies are suggested to examine other effective factors with larger samples.Keywords: Body mass index, Bone mineral density, Bone mineral content, Premenopause
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امروزه استفاده از آسیاهای میله ای در طراحی های جدید مدارهای خردایش منسوخ شده است. با این حال، آسیاهای میله ای بسیاری در کارخانه های فرآوری در کشور وجود دارند که به دلایل مختلف عملکرد آنها می باید بهینه سازی شود. نرم افزارهای شبیه ساز، ابزارهایی تخصصی برای طراحی و بهینه سازی فرآیند می باشند. مدل سازی ریاضی فرآیند خردایش در آسیاهای میله ای به دلیل «اثر غربالگری» در این نوع آسیاها به طور کلی متفاوت از مدل سازی ریاضی آسیاهای گلوله ایست. در این پژوهش، الگوریتم شبیه سازی عملکرد آسیاهای میله ای بر اساس مدل های ریاضی تثبیت شده در منابع معتبر خردایش توسعه داده شد و این قابلیت به عنوان یک ماژول جدید به برنامه BMCS (BMCS-Based Modular Comminution Simulator) اضافه شد. مدل ریاضی مورد استفاده در شبیه ساز آسیای میله ای، مدل ماتریسی است که بر اساس تعریف مراحل متوالی خردایش توسعه یافته است. در هر یک از این مراحل متوالی خردایش، عمل انتخاب، خردایش و طبقه بندی انجام می شود. الگوریتمی که ماژول آسیای میله ای BMCS از آن پیروی می کند، در این مقاله به تفصیل توضیح داده شده است. در این پژوهش، ماژول جدید با یک مجموعه داده مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. مقایسه توزیع اندازه ذره پیش بینی شده محصول آسیای میله ای توسط نرم افزار BMCS با توزیع اندازه ذره اندازه گیری شده محصول، اعتبار مدل ریاضی مورد استفاده و پیاد ه سازی صحیح آن را به خوبی تایید می کندکلید واژگان: مدل سازی, شبیه سازی, آسیای میله ای, BMCSNowadays, application of rod mill in new comminution circuit designs is almost absolute. Nevertheless, many installed rod mills are still in operation throughout the country and their performance optimization might be of interest to plant engineers. Simulators are specialized tools for circuit design and optimization. Due to the screening effect observed in rod mills, their mathematical modeling is totally different from that of ball mill units. In this study, rod mill was simulated as a new module in BMCS (BMCS-Based Modular Comminution Simulator) environment. Matrix modeling was considered as an established mathematical model of rod mills. Hence, the rod mill module of BMCS was mainly based on this type of rod mill model. The matrix model was constructed using the concept of consecutive stages of breakage. In each stage of breakage, the ore was subjected to selection, breakage and classification processes. The algorithm followed by the rod mill module of BMCS has been presented in this work. The close agreement between the predicted and measured product size distributions proves the validity of the predictions made by rod mill simulation module and the accuracy of model implementation in BMCS.Keywords: Modeling, Simulation, Rod mill, BMCS
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زمینه و هدفهدف از تحقیق حاضر، مقایسه تراکم و محتوای مواد معدنی استخوان ران دانشجویان دختر رشته تربیت بدنی و غیر تربیت بدنی دانشگاه های شهرستان بجنورد بود.مواد و روش کاردر این مطالعه مقطعی تحلیلی 15 دانشجوی دختر سال آخر مقطع کارشناسی رشته تربیت بدنی و 15 دانشجوی غیر تربیت بدنی در دامنه سنی 25-20 سال به صورت نمونه گیری طبقه ای از بین دانشجویان دانشگاه های شهرستان بجنورد (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بجنورد، دانشگاه بجنورد و دانشگاه پیام نور بجنورد) انتخاب شده و بطور داوطلبانه در تحقیق حاضر شرکت نمودند. تراکم و محتوای مواد معدنی استخوان ران آزمودنی ها توسط دستگاه سنجش تراکم مواد معدنی استخوان اندازه گیری شده و داده های جمع آوری شده با استفاده از نرم افزار 16 SPSS و به کمک آزمونt مستقل در سطح معناداری 0/05≥P مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفتند.یافته هانتایج نشان داد که دو گروه از نظر میانگین سن، قد، وزن و شاخص توده بدنی تفاوت معنی داری با یکدیگر نداشتند و همچنین میانگین تراکم مواد معدنی استخوان و همچنین محتوای مواد معدنی استخوان، مقادیرT-score وZ-score در ناحیه گردن ران، تروکانتر و کل ران دانشجویان دختر تربیت بدنی بیشتر از دانشجویان دختر غیر تربیت بدنی بود اما تفاوت بین آن ها از نظر آماری معنی دار نبود.نتیجه گیریبه نظر می رسد، برنامه های تمرینی دانشجویان تربیت بدنی و کلاس های دروس عملی آن ها از فشار کافی برای تحریک سلول های استخوانی جهت افزایش تراکم و محتوای مواد معدنی استخوان ها برخوردار نیست.
کلید واژگان: تراکم مواد معدنی استخوان, محتوای مواد معدنی استخوان, دانشجویان تربیت بدنیBackground And ObjectivesThe aim of current study was the comparison of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Bone Mineral Content (BMC) of femur in physical educating and non-physical education students at universities of Bojnurd. Methods and materials: Fifteen physical educating (age: 22/33 ± 2/22 years) and Fifteen non-physical education students (age: 23/40 ± 1/29 years) from the different Bojnurd Universities participated in this study. Subjects were randomly selected in each group. BMD and BMC of femur measured using a Dual- Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) system. SPSS software used to analyze data. Independent T test used to compare BMD and BMC between two groups. The significant level set at p≤ 0.05 for all statistical procedures. Data were normalized using kolmoghrov and Smirnoff test.ResultsThe result of the current study showed that BMD and BMC, T- Score and Z- Score at different locations of the femur in physical education students were higher than non-physical education students. However this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionIt seems that the practical courses for physical education student were not intensity enough to increase BMD and BMC in bone.Keywords: Bone Mineral Density, Bone Mineral Content, Physical education student -
سابقه و هدفپوکی استخوان بیماری است که با کاهش قدرت استخوان، خطر شکستگی استخوان را افزایش می دهد. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تاثیر 12 هفته ای فعالیت ورزشی هوازی با شدت متوسط بر تراکم و محتوای استخوانی اندام های فوقانی و تحتانی در زنان یائسه کم تحرک بود.مواد و روش ها20 زن یائسه سالم و کم تحرک داوطلب و واجد شرایط با میانگین سنی 2.12±60 سال و شاخص توده بدن 3.24±29.46 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع به صورت تصادفی در یکی از دو گروه فعالیت ورزشی (11 زن) و کنترل (9 زن) در این پژوهش شرکت نمودند. گروه فعالیت ورزشی به مدت 12 هفته، هر هفته سه جلسه و در هر جلسه 50 تا 60 دقیقه فعالیت هوازی با شدت 65 الی 70 درصد ضربان قلب ذخیره را اجرا کردند، ولی گروه کنترل در هیچ مداخله ای شرکت نداشتند. ارزیابی تراکم و محتوای استخوانی اندام های فوقانی و تحتانی آزمودنی ها با دستگاه دگزا صورت گرفت. اطلاعات آمده توسط آزمون t همبسته و ANCOVA در سطح معناداری (0.05≥P) تجزیه و تحلیل شد.یافته هانتایج نشان داد که در گروه تجربی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل پس از 12 هفته فعالیت هوازی با شدت متوسط در تراکم استخوانی اندام های فوقانی و تحتانی تفاوت معناداری وجود نداشت. اما در محتوای استخوانی پای راست تفاوت معنادار بود (0.05≥P). نتایج درون گروهی نیز تفاوت معناداری را در هیچ یک از متغیرها بجز در محتوای استخوانی مهره های کمری گروه کنترل نشان نداد (0.05≥P).نتیجه گیرینتایج این تحقیق بیانگر آن است که 12 هفته برنامه فعالیت ورزشی هوازی با شدت متوسط مانند پیاده روی و دوی سبک نمی تواند تراکم و محتوای مواد معدنی استخوانی را در زنان یائسه کم تحرک افزایش دهد.کلید واژگان: تراکم مواد معدنی استخوان, محتوای مواد معدنی استخوان, فعالیت ورزشی هوازی, یائسگیBackground &PurposeOsteoporosis is a disease where decreased bone strength increases the risk of a broken bone. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) of the upper & lower limbs in sedentary postmenopausal women.MethodsTwenty sedentary postmenopausal women with an average age of (60±2.12 yr) and BMI (29.46±3.24 kg.m2) voluntarily and bona fide participated in this study and then subjects were randomized to one of two groups: Exercise (n =11) and control (n =9). Exercise group performed 12 weeks moderate-intensity exercise 65-70% heart rate reserve (HRreserve), three sessions per week, and per session 50-60 (min), but the control group participated in no intervention. Evaluation of the upper & lower limbs BMD and BMC were measured by DXA machine in subjects. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential (paired samples t-test & ANCOVA test) statistics using SPSS-23 software and a significance level of P≥0.05 was considered.ResultsThe results showed that there was no significant difference between upper and lower limbs BMD of exercise group compared to the control group after 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (P>0.05), except in BMC right leg (P≤0.05). Furthermore, the inter-group results showed no significant difference in any of the variables (P>0.05), except in BMC lumbar vertebral in the control group (P≤0.05).ConclusionThe results indicate that 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking & jogging program (W-WJMIEP-R) cant be increased BMD and BMC of upper & lower limbs in sedentary postmenopausal women.Keywords: BMD, BMC, aerobic exercise, Menopause
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Journal of Dentomaxillofacil Radiology, Pathology and Surgery, Volume:6 Issue: 2, Summer 2017, PP 16 -21IntroductionConsidering the importance of avoiding the outcomes of injury to the inferior alveolar nerve and its accessory branches, the present study was conducted with the purpose of determining the frequency of bifid mandibular canals using cone beam computed tomography images in an Iranian population.Materials And MethodsIn this cross sectional study, 221 CBCT images were evaluated in terms of presence/absence of BMC. In the case of detection of a bifid mandibular canal, the type of bifidity was identified according to the classification of Langlais et al. Furthermore, the relationship between the BMCs and the apices of the third molar teeth was determined based on a classification formerly developed by Correr et al.ResultsAmong the whole 221 CBCT images evaluated, 6 (2.7%) bifid mandibular canals were detected. The bifidity types were as follows: 4 canals with 1U type, 1 canal with 2UR type and 1 canal with 2BC type. Regarding the relationship of the bifid canals with the mandibular third molar teeth, 1 canal was type A, 4 were type B and 1 was related to a patient not having the third molar teeth. Furthermore, no significant relations were found between the presence of BMCs and the patients genders (P = 0.67).ConclusionBMCs did not show a remarkable frequency in our study. However, precise evaluation of the patients radiographic records is mandatory for the detection of BMCs in order to reduce hazardous and unexpected outcomes.Keywords: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Mandibular Nerve
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ObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD)and low bone mineral content (BMC) as chronic complications of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus(JSLE) and identify the associated variables and patient characteristics to investigate the relationshipbetween BMD and influential factors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 54 patients with JSLE, including 38 females and 16 males. The BMDand BMC were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the hip (femoral neck) and the lumbar spine. LowBMD was considered a Z-score < -2. The study investigated the association of BMC and Z-score with the currentdaily dose of corticosteroids, the daily dose of corticosteroids at disease onset, the duration of disease, the durationof steroid treatment, the time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis, and renal involvement.ResultsThe prevalence of low BMD in the lumbar spine and the femoral neck was 14.8% and 18.5%, respectively;the reduction of BMD was more significant in the femoral neck compared to the lumbar spine. Osteoporosis wasdetected in one patient. The multiple linear regression analysis found a significant association between a higherdaily corticosteroid dose and lower BMC of the femoral neck and the lumbar spine. In addition, patients receivinghigher doses of corticosteroids at disease onset showed better follow-up bone mineral densitometry results.ConclusionBased on the findings of this study, JSLE more affects the femoral neck than the lumbar spine. Patientsreceiving a more robust treatment with higher doses of corticosteroids at disease onset (to control the inflammatoryprocesses) showed better spinal BMC results. A higher dose of daily corticosteroid treatment during assessmentwas identified as a risk factor for low BMD. Level of evidence: IVKeywords: Bone Mineral Content, Bone mineral density, Children, Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematous, SLE
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از آنجا که گزینه «جستجوی دقیق» غیرفعال است همه کلمات به تنهایی جستجو و سپس با الگوهای استاندارد، رتبهای بر حسب کلمات مورد نظر شما به هر نتیجه اختصاص داده شدهاست.
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