Social interactions of people create a link between them that is called social capital. Without these links, the possibility of cooperation between individuals and institutions is impeded. Therefore, the social capital is the main platform for the formation of economic relations in society. The main objective of this study was to investigate factors affecting the bonding social capital of Talayedaran cooperative’s members of Natural Resources and Watershed Management Project in west part of Shiraz County. For implementation of this study, a survey research was used. The questionnaire faces validity and the reliability was also verified. The study population included members of Talayedaran cooperative from three villages (Mokhtarabad, Bisotton and Tolekarei). The stratified random sampling method was used for the sample selection and finally 146 members were selected as sample group. Some research findings revealed that the average bonding social capital of Talayedaran cooperative’s members was at satisfactorily strong level. The correlation test showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the variables of age and the years of education with bonding social capital. But no significant relation was observed between the variables of number of years of residence in the village, agricultural work experience, household size and amount of owned arable land with bonding social capital. In addition, correlation test showed that there is a synergetic effect between components of bonding social capital. The mean comparison test showed no significant difference between the average women’s bonding social capital and that of men, but women, in relation to components of trust, information exchange rate and network of informal relationship had higher score compared to men. The amount of bonding social capital and its components was lower in farmers compared to in non- farmers. Finally, some recommendations have been presented according to research findings at the end of article.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between bonding social capital and happiness among the citizens of Tehran. Rapid developments in Technology and information have created a gop within contemporary human beings. The growing depression and other mental-social problems show the lack of happiness among people. Through reviewing the related literature, it seems that bonding social capital has an important role in people's happiness. The present study is a correlational one, the statistical population of which are all the citizen in Tehran. The sample of the study, including 412 people, were selected through cluster sampling using Cochran formula. Two questionnaires of boding social capital and happiness (Oxford) were used to collect the data. The findings showed a high relationship between bonding social capital and happiness (0.49). In this research income, education, residential area, and employment had a positive significant relationship with happiness.

Based on the conceptualization of James Coleman and Robert Putnam, interpersonal social capital speaks about trust-based relationships as well as reciprocity with non-virtual social networks. Indeed such social relationships take place in spaces where the ecosystems of human groups exist. Accordingly, the various urban spaces as the dominant human ecosystem in the present world can play an important role in the creation and development of social capital, especially of the interpersonal type of social capital. Therefore, this paper focuses on study the role of megamalls and local shops as different urban spaces in the types of social capital of Tehran citizens. The statistical sample of the present study was 416 people from three shopping complexes located in Tehran the capital city of Iran and local shops within 500 m of these megamalls. These three megamalls and commercial complexes are: Palladium megamall in district 1, Ekbatan megamall in district 5 and Kian megamall in district 17 of Tehran city. Also, respondents were selected in megamalls and local shops using a systematic random sampling method. The information was collected through systematic interview. The findings of the study show that shopping from megamalls has a negative effect on bridging social capital with ratio of -0.17 and has a direct effect on bonding social capital with ratio of 0.15 also bridging social capital effect with 0.24 ratio on bonding social capital. On the other hand, however, purchasing from local shops with a coefficient of -0.15 indicates a direct decreasing effect on bonding social capital. In other words, the shopping from megamalls decrise of bridging social capital. According to social network literature bridging social capital based on week tie social networks, namely the social networking of individuals with acquaintances, intimate friends, distant relatives, etc., can practically provide bridge between different networks. Conversely, due to the family pattern of shopping in megamalls, bonding social capital based on strong tie social network increases

The main objective ofthisstudy is to assessthe status ofsocial capital components in theAhwazneighborhoodof Ameri, withtwosubs - goals of identifying ameasure of realization and measure of prioritytothese components by theviewpoint of experts and neighborhoodresidents hasbeen carried.Components proposed for measuring and evaluating social capital condition in the Ameri neighborhood in the three dimensions of within groups(Bonding social capital), inter-group(Bridging social capital) and cross-group(Linking social capital) are set.In this regard, research methodology is"descriptive – analytic", that data collected based on survey method and the form of questionnaire.So firstly, from the opinions of 15 experts for determinetorealization measure the components of social capital in the Ameri neighborhoodand then to form of randomly based on neighborhood population, from opinions of 322 neighborhood residents to determine social capital components priority measure in the Amery neighborhood was used. For data analysis to adaptive of research purposes, to model of fuzzy AHP (FAHP) for evaluatingof experts opinions and T-test examination for the evaluation of views of neighborhood residents in the form of SPSS software was used.The results show that bonding social capital indicator, adapting to the view of experts to measure of 0.474 fuzzy weighted other than dimensions the neighborhood is better achieved.assessment components of social capital priority from the view of neighborhoods citizens show thatbinding social capital between the eigenvalues ​​obtained and the bottom out of -0.63the T-test examination have greater priority for payment is to improve condition the Ameri neighborhood.

The purpose of the present research is to investigate the position of rural production cooperatives in the formation and of social capital. This study is descriptive-analytical survey-based study. Data were collected using library studies and field method using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of 1655 members of rural production cooperatives in Hamadan, Iran, out of whom 180 were selected using Cochran formula by proportional random sampling method. Content validity of the questionnaire was assessed by subject matter experts. The construct validity and reliability of the construct were confirmed by calculating the composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the level of capacity building of bonding and linking social capital was medium and low, respectively. Pearson correlation results confirmed the significant relationship of age, membership experience in the cooperative, agricultural experience and number of training courses with the variables of capacity building of linking and bonding social capital. In this regard, there was no significant difference between men and women in terms of capacity building of bonding social capital but capacity building of linking social capital of men was significantly higher than women. The results obtained in relation to the values of the fit indices showed that both the models of measuring capacity building of bonding and linking social capital had good fitting indices. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the bonding interaction (λ = 0.83) was the strongest indicator of the capacity building of bonding social capital and formal relationship network (λ = 0.84) was the strongest indicator of the capacity building of linking social capital.

The feeling of security is one of the natural human needs, and one of the factors affecting it is the bonding social capital of people. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of bonding social capital on the feeling of social security in Kurdistan province.

The method used in this research is a descriptive method of cross-sectional survey type. The statistical population of the research consists of all the citizens of Kurdistan province over 15 years of age, whose number is equal to 1,219,922 people, and according to the table of Krejcie and Morgan, 384 of them were selected as a sample. The sample selection method was multi-stage cluster sampling and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The face validity of the questionnaire was ensured by the agreement of the judges and its reliability was ensured through Cronbach's alpha test.

The respondents' mean feeling of social security was 3.29 and their bonding social capital mean was 3.73 (range 1 to 5). The findings indicate that the effect of bonding social capital on the feeling of social security (0.415) and its dimensions are life security (0.280), financial (0.383), intellectual (0.166) and moral security (0.281) was significant. Also, the dimensions of bonding social capital, including bonding participation (0.258), bonding trust (0.222), feeling of belonging (0.224), social integration (0.154), education (-0.167) and age (0.272) of the respondents on the feeling of security their society has had a significant effect. In addition, the findings show that there was a significant difference in the respondents' feeling of social security according to their sex.

The results of the research show that in Kurdistan Province, the feeling of social security is on average, but bonding social capital is high, so that 63.8 of the respondents had high or very high bonding social capital. Considering the negative effect of bonding social capital on the social security feeling, it can be said that bonding social capital is a kind of conscious plan to compensate for the inefficiency of bureaucratic organizations.

Social capital is a prerequisite of co-management and local sustainable development. Present study makes an attempt to evaluate bonding social capital pre and post RFLDL project implementation in Deh-e-Reza village in Reagan County of Kerman province. Statistical population of this study consists of rural development groups’ members totaling 133 persons in 9 groups. The level of trust and collaboration ties of the beneficiaries’ network were examined through network analysis questionnaires, direct observation, and an interview with all beneficiaries based on network indicators including density, reciprocity, transitivity, and average Geodesic distance both prior to and post RFLDL project implementation. It was found out that the level of trust, collaboration, and social capital was moderate pre project implementation but there was an increase in these components following project implementation. Trust and collaboration exchange speed as well enhanced following project implementation and solidarity and unity increased on the whole. Last but not least, it can be claimed that implementation of this project boosted bonding social capital and co-management was established in the region.

Part of people's daily life is online use of social networks. However, the use of these networks may go beyond a habit, leading to a habitual pattern of use that endangers one's well-being. This research has evaluated a theoretical model that four criteria of social capital, by mediating the variables, bonding (strong relationship) and bridging (weak relationship) social capital, in the role of habitual use of filtered online social networks in the context of street riots. look into it. This model was carried out using structural equations of partial least squares, which is modeled with targeted data collected in Iranian cities. The results of the research showed that interaction and confrontation is the most important driver for bonding and bridging social capital with online users. trust was statistically significant only for social capital connection. Unlike the bonding variable, bridging social capital does not have a significant relationship with the habitual behavior of using social networks. Shared values were not statistically significant for bridging and bonding social capital.

Social capital and its role in economic practice have remarkably attracted economists all around the world. Despite of lots of studies around the topic, this field of study did not find a synthesis over the concept of social capital. However, this is the correlation of social capital with economic growth which is in the focus of attention in this research paper. What is the concept of social capital and how does it affects economic growth are two questions which this research paper is intended to find answers for them. Therefore, two types of social capital are considered here; bonding and bridging social capital. Based on models of economic growth and applying data related to Iranian values, attitudes and Iran's cultural behaviors, the impact of these two variables on economic growth of 28 provinces of Iran through 2000 – 2003 has been evaluated. Applying OLS in this research, it shows that there is an inverse relationship between bonding and bridging social capital. While bridging social capital has found positive and remarkable effect on economic growth, bonding social capital meet supposed indices with both positive and negative effect on economic growth.

This research aims to investigate the relationship between social capital (Bonding and Bridging) with the law-aversion (subjective and objective) was conducted. And its boundary is the entire province of Ilam. This research is a descriptive study and a tool for collecting information from this questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens over 18 years old in 1395. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster, and a sample size of 384 was determined based on Morgan's table. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Amos software and correlation test. The results of the research indicate that there is a positive relationship and meaningful between Bonding social capital with subjective and objective law-aversion and Bridging social capital of weak with subjective and objective law-aversion there. The results of the structural equation model test show that the Bonding social capital variable explains 68% of the variance of the dependent variable in the society, and the Bridging social capital predicts the variance of 92% variance of the dependent variable of the law-aversion in society. According to the findings of this research, the factors affecting the law-aversion in Ilam province are the erosion of Bridging capital and the overcoming of social capital bonding.