The Countrys divisions is the process of countrys space break to smaller units in order to easier governing, better security, and improving social and economical conditions. In fact, it is one of the most important implementations that governments use in order to managing the countrypolitical environment. In Iran, the countrys divisions has a long history. It came back to the first kingdom of Iran (Achaemenid Empire) and continues unit now. Governments use this to better governing of the countrys region. We can see that in this long history (about 2500 years) many factors such as Countrys geographical extent, regions natural traits.Dispersal and diversity of races, descents and religions, military issues, urban centers and etc. Have had influenced countrys divisions. In resent period factors such as ecological minorities, strategic environment, countrys peripheral regions etc. Also have influence in this field.

The scientific development of any country is dependent on having optimal planning and management structures If we accept that the most important factor for management is decisionmaking then decisionmaking plans that are not researchbased will be unable to support or maintain a continuous process of scientific development A scientific decisionmaking method that is based on dialogue must take account risk and participatory approaches toward management However the management and planning structures currently prevail in Iran of which research management can be taken as a symbol do not take research seriously for a number of reasons eg a failure to see the need for scientific input into policymaking Consequently there is no effective scientific leadership and the country remains far from reaching its goals The planning and management systems in Iran should be seen as closed systems since they do not communicate with the rest of the countrys institutional structures Moreover decisionmaking and policy development in each discrete area is dominated by a single governmental organization which results in an expensive complex and inefficient bureaucracy governing the countrys scientific and administrative structures Rather than creating a unified national policy and decisionmaking system based on scientific research this role is broken up and divided among several different organizations which lead to unsuccessful scientific development in Iran Examples of this phenomenon are presented in this study to demonstrate the responsible organizations necessary for supporting Irans scientific and administrative policymaking and planning systems.

Being a homogeneous ethnical community considered as strength points and promoting geopolitical value in etch country, but it such a state cannot be achieved, country and society wont be devastated; but the interaction type of ruling construct about minority group (whether in terms of quantitative or in outlook of their participation in political power) would be determining; which construct interaction in this manner would lead to improve geopolitical value But in the hand, in different cases de-identification policy and assimilation from minority have not any result but geopolitical crisis, which ethnic conflicts – political divergence are obvious symbols of such a situation.By the above approach, this study are sought to answer the question of what are the affective geopolitical factors and the crisis of Turkey's Kurdistan. Considering analytical and explaining method, and experience of heterogeneous ministerial units in different periods. Therefore, in this paper we divided these factors in two periods: first, ancient period that starts from first kingdom and continues until the first Countrys divisions law in 1285. The second one is modern that starts from the first Countrys divisions law and formation of intensive and comprehensive government and continues until now. In each of these two periods many contrary and varied factors affected countrys divisions, but the most important factor in ancient period was countrys geographical extent, and in modern period is intensive form of government.

In this article electoral participation was analyzed in 9th Iranian presidential election. The article claims that, the rate of electoral participation has problematic variation in the countrys. Through critical reasoning, this paper initially tries to prove that electoral participation is a problematic event in Iran, and then considers the following research question: How can the degree of variations in electoral participation be explained in Iran? ” In response to this question, based on theoretical approaches of Diamond, Huntington, and Lipset, the following hypothesis is proposed: "the higher the level of educational development, the higher the degree of electoral participation". In the next step, the research hypothesis was tested by regression analysis method. Empirical findings revealed that the correlation coefficient of electoral participation with educational development was equal to 0.69, and that the proportion of the variation of electoral participation that is explained was equal to.48.

Achieving economic prosperity is one of the most important economic issues of the last two centuries. Trade is also the engine of growth and development of any country. And it can effect economic well-being. In the 1990s, the result of the countrys trade change relationship has undergone serious (decreasing) changes, and on the other hand, economic welfare has also decreased. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the result of trade exchange relationship on economic welfare in Iran has been investigated using a combined index of economic welfare and autoregressive method with distributive interruptions during the period 1364-1398. In order to measure the effect of sanctions on the economic welfare of the country through this channel. The result show that there is a direct relationship between the outcome of trade exchange and the combined index of economic welfare. That is in the 1990s the reduction of the result has reduced the countrys wconomic welfare exchange relationship. In the long run GDP, national savings and the result of the trade relationship effect on the combined index of economic welfare, respectively, with a coefficient of 0.007, 0.003, and 0.009. According to the error correction sentence coefficient in each period, about %82 of the imbalance created in the dependent variable is adjusted and eliminated from its long-term equilibrium values in a period.

In order to achieve sustainable development, along with implementation of energy management systems in wastewater treatment plants and reduce energy consumption, must try to offset all or part of the energy consumption of sewage treatment facility from potential of wastewater for energy production. Currently, biogas production in anaerobic reactors, microalgae cultivate and microbial fuel cell are known methods of producing energy simultaneous with wastewater treatment. Several parameters involve in the process of producing energy from wastewaters. Therefore, selection of optimal processes, is complex and difficult. First step is recognition of criteria and evaluate their effectiveness. In this research, prioritization and selection of the best option for energy producing method based on technical, economical, management and environmental criteria were done based on AHP method and experts judgment with special emphasis on the countrys infrastructure. Finally, the priorities determined as anaerobic treatment with 0.540, microalgae with 0.330 and microbial fuel cell with 0.130 weight.

One of the irrefutable reality role thoughts , votes, comments, guidelines and measures set the clerical regime in the countrys security and defense strategies.The aim of this study is ((Conversation clerical authority in the field of defense –security)) Which utilizes descriptive, analytical and theoretical studies have been grounded with practical and methodical manner, clerical discourse around strategic axes authority of the defense-security be provided to all activities in the field of central authority - both security coordinate direction.Type of applied research and development was.To gather the data in documents and taking notes in a field researcher, respectively.The population of the 30 experts who were chosen randomly.To extract data from the method of grounded theory, content analysis and discourse analysis and for validation and verification components used indicators from the experts.The sacred system of the Islamic Republic of Iran to create a civilization based on the thinking of the great prophet of Islam will be the challenges and obstacles facing many problems.And to remove obstacles to human and divine ideals by using all available resources will require all central authority – security . The results showed that central authority - the Supreme Leader based security discourse (political, economic, military, social - cultural and scientific technology) has 9 axes 26 components and 183 indexes.After providing the expertise to verify the components and indicators , all the components and inferred indicators were approved with minor changes.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and analyze Iran's precipitation over the past half-century(1967-2017). For this purpose, the average monthly rainfall of Iran during the statistical period of 50 years was extracted from Esfazari databases (Which is provided using data from 283 stations of Synoptic and Climatology). Regression analysis was used to analyze the trend and to analyze the annual and monthly rainfall cycles of Iran, spectral analysis was used. Investigation and analysis of monthly precipitation trend indicates that except for central Zagros (Lorestan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari and Gorgan areas, where rainfall in winter season has increased trend), in other parts of the country and in other seasons, the trend of decline Precipitation is prevalent. The study of Iranian rainfall cycles has been shown that Most of Iran's rainfall cycles are 2 to 4 years old and have a short term course. Meanwhile, there are two middle-cycle 25-year cycles in January-July and two long-term 50-year cycles in March and December, indicating a trend in the March and December rainfall. The two months of February and October lacked a clear cycle. The analysis of the auto-correlation model of rainfall showed that the high spatial auto-correlation model in winter was consistent with the western, southwestern and coastal of the Caspian Sea and covered about 14% of the countrys. The low spatial auto-correlation model is found in sparse spots in the southern, central and southeastern regions of the country in winter and spring, and covered about 7.5% of the countrys. The results of this study indicate that the overall trend of Iran's rainfall is decreasing trend and only in winter, in the small regions of the country, the increase trend is observed.

Regional Foresight, which focuses on some of the specific land area in a given territory sub-national aims to achieve the desired future decisions, will be operational. This article examines the spatial organization of Settlement systems in Isfahan province And Presentation of the urban system in the horizon 1420. This paper tries to identify the key factors influencing the development process at the regional scale, producing both possible and probable scenarios to provide the in the next 25 years Isfahan province. This research is a combination of documentary and survey methods in terms of category and is based on new methods in the science of future studies, analytical and exploratory in terms of nature, which is conducted by a combination of qualitative and quantitative models. Structural analysis are used to analyze data by use of MICMAC software. The results indicate that the key and strategic variables of Isfahan province development in Horizon 1420 includes: the way of countrys macro management, the way of managing the province, water resources, inter-institutional cooperation, population,Research & Development, role of transnational Province, Investment security, Industrial Production and mineral, level of IT, Tourism,production technology.
Based on the findings, Isfahan province in terms of arrangement space systems will face in the next 25 years with five main scenario: Radial scenario, a scenario dismissed Islands, a cluster scenario, the scenario of multi-center, network scenario. Among the scenarios planned, the network scenario we can see the functional spatial integration in the region and the development integrated and balanced space.

In order to fulfill the objectives of national development plans, coordination of national goals with the realities of the region is inevitable. Accordingly, resource allocation should be based on the capabilities and comparative advantages of the regions. so Every region needs a special plan which commensurate with its own characteristics. Therefore, we should first study the existing and past conditions of the region in a suitable scientific method. This study was an applied one conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected from the census conducted by statistical Center of Iran in 2006, and 2011. For Determining Comparative Advantages and the identification of basic and non-basic occupational groups done According to basic economic model (Location Quotient). The amount of distributive justice was calculated using the most widely used statistical indicators in the field of the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient. The provinces were classified based on the model of factor analysis, TOPSIS, and Gray relational analysis. Finally, the geographic maps of the comparative advantage of the major occupational groups were developed in ARC GIS environment, at national level as well, which is essential for making appropriate policies about regional development. The results indicate, very balanced spatial distribution of employment in the provision of infrastructure services (Gini coefficient 0.018) and in the business sector with Gini coefficient is 0.353the greatest imbalance among provinces in the countrys, the results showed a big gap between Iranian provinces and the unbalanced development of the provinces. Accordingly, the provinces of Bushehr, Tehran,Mazandaran and Gilan got the highest relative scores and enjoyed more facilities for job creation. On the contrary, the provinces of Sistan and Baluchestan, Lorestan and Khuzestan had relatively lower scores for job creation.