Since its adoption in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has moved along the path of universalism and, in the context of diversity-based approaches, the Vienna Declaration in 1993 clearly affirmed its universality. TheDeclaration of Human Rights has led to different reactions among Islamic thinkers. One group believed that the provisions of this Declaration were in accordance with Islamic texts and resources, while others were criticizing it from the Islamic Shari'a perspective; a group in the midst of this spectrum believed in the combination of Islamic doctrine and the provisions of the Declaration. Among the third group, there are some who believe that by revising religious texts one can reconcile Islam and human rights so that the Islamic readings of human rights can be accepted as a margin of interpretation. This article examines the Islamic Declaration of Human Rights (Cairo Declaration) as the margin of the interpretation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This paper indicates that the above proposition cannot be right; on the one hand, in spite of a large number of commonalities, there is a fundamental distinction; on the other hand, it is not possible to think of a hierarchical relationship between the Islamic Declaration and the Universal Declaration.

The review of the contents of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from a legal and philosophical point of view, helps us to better understand the process that led to the compilation of this Declaration. In this context, one important point is to find out what foundations and theories the Declaration is based on, or, in other words, what is the worldview of the Universal Declaration. The most important question in this regard is whether the Universal Declaration essentially defines human beings and, if so, how is this definition. This article will describe the characteristics which Universal Declaration of Human Rights enumerates for humankind, and then explain how such a definition of man's nature has been shaped through the dialogue between different viewpoints. We will find out how to interpret the definition of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from human beings. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights introduces human beings as a being of wisdom and conscience that is born free and equal and enjoys an inherent dignity which is the basis of man's enjoyment of human rights. This view is a result of the conceptual agreement between representatives of various legal and philosophical schools.

The term "national Jewish homeland" is an important part of the Balfour Declaration, which until then was unknown in international societies, And he did not express clearly the meaning and meaning, and this clause has always been mentioned with different and vague interpretations.Following the issuance of the declaration, the term "national Jewish homeland" became an important part of the goals and focus for the Zionist reaching out.The issue of research is the study and analysis of the National Jewish State in the Balfour Declaration and its legal flaws.Findings of the research indicate that the term "national Jewish homeland", which overestimated the value and validity of the Declaration, clarifies its shortcomings and legal defects.The importance and importance of investigating the legal aspects of the Balfour Declaration and the formation of the national homeland in the Declaration are among the issues in the history of Palestine that can not be easily passed by them and should be carefully considered.The author tries to examine the legal dimensions of the Balfour Declaration and, in particular, the concept of the national homeland of the Jews without any political or partisan views, in a descriptive, the analytical method

This paper addresses the relation between Ethics, Laws, and universal declaration of human rights, from a logical point of view. There are two universal kinds of presented propositions; "descriptive propositions" and "prescriptive propositions". The principles of the universal declaration of human rights are not in the extent of descriptions, because they do not predicate any fact. Therefore, they should be prescriptive propositions. Ethics and Laws are the most famous prescriptive extents. Therefore, these principles should be in one of the extents. Ultimately, Laws are the compacts that are temporal and spatial, whereas the authors of the declaration of human rights do not seem to believe in such frameworks. Also, it is clear that any differences between the declaration of human rights and the national Laws will arrest the enforcement of the declaration. Therefore, these principles have to be ordered in the Ethical form. For example, the Kantian or Utilitarian Ethics can be the best basis for this declaration. It is clear that any criticism on the absolute ethical systems inevitably includes the declaration of human rights. Again, the declaration of human rights has a complex of principles that cannot be ethical because of their form. For example, ethical propositions stress on the relation between a human being and others, whereas the principles of the universal declaration of human rights focus on the relation between others and a human being. Therefore, the principles of the universal declaration of human rights cannot be a kind of descriptive propositions, nor ethical or legal propositions. Hence, they fall into a paradox that needs to be solved primarily. Clearly, this paradox discourages the universal declaration of human rights in present.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is one of the most important texts of international law. Its effect shows that it is not unfounded. Now the question is, what are the basics of the declaration, especially its basics about justice and freedom? Because the introduction and the text of the declaration consider freedom and justice as the most basic human rights. To understand these basics, it is necessary to have a brief look at the ideas raised in the philosophy of law in order to understand the place of freedom and justice in the Universal Declaration. This article analyzes the principles of the Declaration by focusing on the ideas of Kant and Hume about justice and freedom. This analysis is based on a case study of several evidences from the preamble and materials of the Universal Declaration. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the result of epistemological and philosophical thoughts in modernity; therefore, the foundations of this declaration should be sought in the thoughts of the great philosophers of this era. Although the modern era has seen great thinkers, the ideas of Kant and Hume have been turning points in the history of the philosophy of law and politics in this era. The findings of this research show the alignment of the declaration with Kant's thoughts in the field of justice and freedom. Although Hume had a significant influence on modernity, the theme of justice and freedom in the Universal Declaration was more influenced by Kant than by Hume. In Kant's view, freedom is an important feature in human life. It can almost be said that Kant's intellectual foundation in the field of practical reason is based on freedom. This shows that Kant considers justice and freedom as an eternal and inalienable right and value. In fact, Kant considered freedom as a comprehensive and absolute principle that does not depend on the will of the legislator; like other liberals who considered freedom as the highest value and justice as subordinate to it. The writings of these two thinkers in the field of justice and freedom show the ups and downs of justice in modernity, as a result of which Hume's ideas lost their effectiveness due to numerous problems, and after that, Kant's beliefs were able to give new life to legal and political liberalism, which is the product of It is the Universal Declaration of Humanity as a comprehensive prescription for the development of liberalism. Despite the abundance of writings about the Universal Declaration, the difference of this article is in determining the relationship of this declaration with justice and freedom based on the reading of these two thinkers. Not to examine the general concepts of justice and freedom or their relationship with the general concept of human rights.

Human Right have known as the heart of UN activities. The defense of Human Rights, in fact, is defense of human respect.In the other hand, the considerable population with disability lives in different countries in the word, which annually increases over 10 million people.In the developing countries, this big population includes poor, independents, under oppression and rudeness, forgotten people and deprive from public and vocational education and no job.The efforts to understand the Human Right initiate with approval "The Word Declaration of Human Rights" in 1948, then this declaration could be an appropriate center to design and formulate several declarations, resolutions, regulations, rules and convention to support Human Rights in the world. In the first declaration the people with disability was clearly included because of articles 7 and 25 and then in "World Declaration on Rights of Mental Retardation People" in 1971 and "World Declaration on Rights of Disabled People" in 1975 and "The World Convention on Rights of Children" in 1981 and "The Standard Rules for Equalization of Opportunities for Disabled People" in 1993, emphasis, considerably.Now, the most important challenge is, the discussion of general assembly on "International Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights and Dignity of Persons with Disabilities". So by approval this, the final step will be take to regards the Human Rights of disabled people in the third millennium.

In the international documents of human rights¡ concepts such as protection of morals¡ public order¡ public health¡ public interests¡ others’ rights and reputation have been mentioned as restrictions on freedom of speech. In other words¡ no one is entitled to neglect the above-mentioned restrictions claiming that he has the freedom of speech. Declaration of Islamic Human Rights has adopted an approach other than that of other global and regional documents of human rights and has added other cases such as Islamic rules¡ respect to prophets and sacred things and what which may lead to destruction of beliefs to these restrictions to freedom of speech. Because of extending the field of restrictions on the freedom of speech in the Declaration of Islamic Human Rights¡ this declaration has a status different from other international documents; and thus¡ the field of restrictions mentioned in this declaration and the reason behind it should be explicated from the viewpoint of human rights logic. The present writing compares restrictions governing freedom of speech (mentioned in the Declaration of Islamic Human Rights) with other documents of human rights and tries to find the reason behind difference between restrictions in this declaration on the one hand and other international documents of human rights on the other.

Asian countries with their human rights action, namely the signing of the Bangkok Declaration of Human Rights and the Declaration of ASEAN strengthen its core point of differentiation debates that "Asian values"against hegemony of liberal democracy claims is the world-Shmvly. This paper seeks to answer the whats nature of asian values and why crreated and Asian discourse created and what are its components."Asian countries with their human rights action, namely the signing of the Bangkok Declaration of Human Rights and the Declaration of ASEAN strengthen its core point of differentiation debates that "Asian values"against hegemony of liberal democracy claims is the world-Shmvly. This paper seeks to answer the whats nature of asian values and why crreated and Asian discourse created and what are its components."Asian countries with their human rights action, namely the signing of the Bangkok Declaration of Human Rights and the Declaration of ASEAN strengthen its core point of differentiation debates that "Asian values"against hegemony of liberal democracy claims is the world-Shmvly. This paper seeks to answer the whats nature of asian values and why crreated and Asian discourse created and what are its components."

The topic of minorities rights is one of the blatant manifestations of human rights, which has been considered by the national and international legal systems. Protection of minorities rights is to be done in legislative form and through the legal documents and non-legislative form. A comparative analogy between the substance of the UN Declaration on Persons belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities (1992) and the Iranian Charter on Citizen's Rights (2016) as non-obligatory documents, may picture the panorama of the minorities rights in the two mentioned systems. The comparison reveals that the Charter coincided with the international standards mentioned in the declaration through considering particularly the non-discrimination principle, cultural participation and diversity mentioned in the declaration. It should be mentioned that the Charter has not considered some affirmative obligations of the government in protecting the survival of minorities and non-considering the prohibition and punishment of the minority rights activists. Still the Charter is much more developed than the declaration in some fields like considering the prohibition of hatred speech. The noticeable compatibility of the Charter substance with the declaration reveals that the Charter is implicitly impressed by the declaration.

Common categories in the field of human rights generally refer to three groups or three generations of human rights, the first and second generations are called civil and political rights and economic, social and cultural rights, respectively. This division is mainly due to the existence of conflicting views on the nature of these two categories of rights. Economic and social rights in the international human rights literature have no long history and therefore the conceptual discussions around them are insufficient and few. This paper will make a comparative study of the views of two important international instruments on the nature of economic and social rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the most important United Nations instrument in the field of human rights and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, expresses an Islamic view of human rights that is also in itself critical of the universal declaration of human rights. This paper analyzes the views of the two declarations on the nature of economic and social rights, and then will discuss in detail the dimensions and characteristics of labor rights and the right to education from the perspective of the above declarations.