In patients with complete denture, some clinicians have used modelling plastic impression compound (MPIC) along tissue conditioner (TC) materials simultaneously. Little information is available on the composition of these materials and the interaction between them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of two components of MPIC on the structure and chemical composition of TC. In this experimental study, MPIC specimens were provided in 25×2 mm discs. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups and were immersed in ethanol 70%, plasticizer (dibutyl phthalate) and a mixture of them (ethanol 70% and dibutyl phthalate). All of the discs were weighed with a digital balance before and 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after immersion. Values were analyzed by non parametric Kruskal-Wallis (α= 0.05) and SPSS 16 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences among all groups (p>.05). Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) had high impact on the solubility of MP, while the mixture of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and ethanol demonstrated the highest impact.

Effects of methyl jasmonate, low energy ultrasound, and dibutyl phthalate on the growth, certain physiological parameters, and taxol production in suspension-cultured hazelnut cell were investigated. The calli were obtained from seed cotyledons as explants on solid MS media supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and benzyladenine at concentrations of 1 and 0.5 mg/L respectively. Methyl jasmonate with concentration of 100 µM, ultrasound waves with 40 kHz intensity, and dibutyl phthalate as an organic solvent with 10% concentration for in situ extraction were used. The time of all applications and the intensity of ultrasound and the concentration of methyl jasmonate were determined based on preliminary studies. According to the results, the cell growth and viability were decreased by treatments, compared to those of the control cells. All treatments increased hydrogen peroxide content, lipid peroxidation rate, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, compared to the control. Taxol production was improved by all treatments and extracellular taxol was more affected than the intracellular one. In addition, in all treatments release of taxol and its specific yield was higher than those of the control cells. The most taxol production (3289.22 µg/L), taxol release percentage (98.39%) and specific yield of taxol (264.31 µg/g) were observed when dibutyl phthalate and ultrasound were applied together. Dibutyl phthalate significantly augmented the effect of other factors especially in respect to extracellular and total taxol production, taxol release and specific yield.

In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized for dibutyl phthalate as a bioactive chemical compound with antifungal activity which produced by Trichoderma Harzianum (JX1738521). The molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized via precipitation polymerization method from methacrylic acid, dibutyl phthalate and trimetylolpropantrimethacrylate as a functional monomer, template and cross-linker, respectively. After removal of the template by the eluent from the MIPs, the leached nanoparticles of the MIPs had a good binding capacity as equal 830 mg/g. The polymer particles have been evaluated by field emission scan electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller techniques. The excellent specific surface area in the molecularly imprinted polymers as equal to 690.301 m2/g comparatively to non-imprinted polymers (ca. 89.894 m2/g), confirms that the nanoporous MIPs were synthesized, successfully. The results indicated that the nanoporous MIPs can be used in solid phase extraction. This is a novel method for separation of the bioactive compounds from fungi secondary metabolites in biological control.

In this research, the effect of phthalate plasticizers in ethyl cellulose and ethyl cellulosesilica composite was investigated on the nitroglycerin migration from a double base propellant. In this manner, first different insulator and nanocomposite samples containing 10, 15 and 20 phr of diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and bis 2-ethylhexyl phthalate were prepared and then the double base propellant was examined under migration test by sandwich method. Changes in sample weight (as migration criteria) for significant times were determined and then nitroglycerine amounts were measured by liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The results showed that with increasing of the amount of plasticizer from 10 to 20 phr, in sample containing diethyl phthalate, the insulator weight was increased from 14.14 to 15.98 percent and nitroglycerin amount was added from 12.67 to 14.74 percent. Also in the sample containing dibutyl phthalate, the weight gain was increased from 19.61 to 25.86 and nitroglycerin amount was added from 14.56 to 19.86 percent. In follows, use of bis 2-ethylhexyl phthalate with 10phr concentration in the insulator showed the increased weight and nitroglycerin amount of 31.89 and 25.23 percent respectively. Furthermore with increasing of diethyl phthalate concentration from 10 to 20 phr in ethyl cellulosesilica nanocomposite (involving 0.5 phr silica with an average particle size of 12 nanometer), the weight gain and nitroglycerin is nearly constant, but at ethyl cellulose dibutyl phthalatesilica composite the insulator weight was increased from 21.48 to 26.95 percent and nitroglycerin amount was added from 16.27 to 21.30 percent.

In this work, a potentiometric sensor was developed based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), duloxetine tetraphenylborate ion pair, various plasticizers of dioctyl phthalate (DOP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEPH), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEPH), dibutyl butyl phosphonate (DBBPh), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl sebacate (DOS), dibutyl sebacate (DBS), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) and di-octyl phthalate (DOPH)) and THF as membrane solvent. The electrode responses at various contents of PVC and plasticizer were recorded to optimize their percentage compositions, and the best Nernst response (59.7) was obtained. The linear concentration range for this electrode made by optimal composition is 0.7 µM to 0.1 M with a detection limit of 0.3 µM.  The response time of the ion-selective electrode based on the duloxetine-tetraphenylborate ion pair was determined. The effect of pH on the potential of duloxetine hydrochloride (DHCl) solution with a concentration of 1.0 mM was studied. Moreover, the performance of the prepared electrode was studied over two months to investigate the constructed membrane electrode’s stability. The selectivity coefficients of the electrode for determination of DHCl in the presence of some ions and molecules including Na+, K+, Li+, Ni+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Cr2+, ascorbic acid, D-fructose, sucrose, aspartic acid, L-H-histidine, dopamine, glucose, uric acid, propranolol, dexamethasone and melatonin were determined using a separate solution method (SSM) and an adapted potential method. The application of the proposed sensor to determine DHCl in two biological matrices, including blood serum and urine samples, was also investigated.

The construction and electrochemical response characteristics of six Ciprofloxacin-selective electrodes were investigated using precipitation based technique with sodium tetraphenyl borate (TPB), phosphomolybdate (PMA) and phosphotungstate (PTA); respectively upon using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a plasticizer. The resultant sensors have different forms, either as membrane electrodes (sensors 1, 3 and 5) or as coated wire electrodes (sensors 2, 4 and 6). Linear responses of CIP within the concentration ranges of 10−6 to 10−2 mol/L for sensors 1, 2 and 5 while for sensors 3 and 4, the linear responses were within the concentration ranges of 10−5 to 10−2 mol/L and for sensor 6 it shows linear responses within the concentration ranges of 10−7 to 10−2 mol/L. Nernstian slopes of 51.7, 50.7, 58.3, 57.7, 44 and 41.8 mV/decade were observed over the pH range of (5–9) for sensors 1, 2, 5 and 6 and over range of (5-7) for sensor 3 and 4 respectively. The selectivity coefficients of the developed sensors indicated excellent selectivity for CIP. The proposed sensors displayed useful analytical characteristics for the determination of CIP in water samples and pharmaceutical preparation.

Novel polymeric membrane electrode based on o-hydroxyacetophenone carbohydrazone (OHAC) as a neutral ionophore carrier has been prepared and explored as silver(I) ion selective electrode. The addition of lipophilic anion excluder (NaTBP) and various plasticizers viz. o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and butyl acetate (BA) have found to improve the performance of membrane sensor which have a composition of I:NaTBP:NPOE:PVC in the ratio 3:2:62:33 (w/w; mg). The electrode exhibit Nernstian slope for silver (I) ions over wide concentration ranges from 1.0×10-7 M to 1.0×10-2 M with limits of detection 1.6×10-7 M. The response time was found to be 10 s. The potentiometric responses were independent of the pH of the test solutions in the pH range of 3.0 to 8.0. The proposed electrode revealed good selectivity over a wide variety of other cations including alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. The proposed PVC electrode was used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Ag+ ions with KI and NaCl solutions and in direct determination in different water samples and urine sample of peoples working as jewelry maker.

This work introduces a PVC membrane sensor for determination of clidinium active ingredient. For the membrane preparation, clidinium-tetraphenyl borate ion-pair was employed as a sensing material in the PVC membrane. Several plasticizers were studied in the membrane composition dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzylacetat (BA), and nitrobenzene (NB). After a series of experiments, the best electrode response was obtained from a membrane composed of NB. The electrodes illustrated a fast, stable and Nernstian response over a wide clidinium bromide concentration range of 1×10-5 to 1×10-1 M, in the pH range of 4.0–10.0.

Granisetron content of some pharmaceutical tablets was determined using a novel all-solid-state polymeric-membrane-electrode (ASS-PME) having a sensing element functioning based on an ion-exchange mechanism. The best results were observed with ASSPMEs containing 8% GST-tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate as the ion-pair, 56% of dibutyl phthalate, 31% of poly(vinyl chloride), 3% of an ionic liquid and 2% of KpClTPB. The ASS element of the device was a conductive composite of graphite, MWCNTs, and an epoxy resin coated on a copper wire, and the PVC membranes were coated on the ASS. The ASS-PME showed a Nernstian response of 58.1±0.2 mV/decade over the range of 1.0×10-6 to 1.0×10-3 M. The application of the device was validated and the method was found to be applicable in the analysis of Granisetron hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations.

Plastisols are the liquid suspension compositions containing polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC), plasticizers and extenders, with various applications such as automobile coatings as seam sealers, which converts to the flexible material using heat. Rheological and mechanical properties of these compositions are related to the type of reinforcing materials. Reinforcing materials like nano silica has been used for improvement of different properties of these compositions. In this research, using Taguchi method and optimized model calculated from experimental design, effect of PVC type, particle size of calcium carbonate, type of plasticizer and silica particle size on mechanical and rheological properties like viscosity, strength, hardness and morphology were investigated. Particle size was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and the results were analyzed. Based on variance analysis, it was found that for reaching to the optimum process conditions and highest strength of plastisol coatings, K-value for PVC resin must be about 70, mesh size of calcium carbonate about 1000, type of plasticizer was dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and nano silica particle size was about 200 nm.