Additive manufacturing (AM) is based on the deposition of materials with high precision to make a final part or component using different methods. This process is considered one of the main developments in the fourth industrial revolution and is still growing. There are many different types of additive manufacturing methods, and today, the use of efficient inspection methods is required to ensure a certain level of quality and detect defects and discontinuities in the industry. Today, in industry, non-destructive testing (NDT) is widely used, especially in additive manufacturing, to ensure efficient quality control and predictive maintenance without changing the properties and initial state of materials. Each non-destructive testing method is based on different physical principles and the correct selection and use of each test depends on the application, manufacturing process, type of material and possible discontinuities and many other things. The most common defects created in AM parts in terms of appearance include porosity, entrapped impurity, cracks, and material defects, which are mainly caused by changes in manufacturing parameters, injection parameters, and initial material properties. In this article, the performance of non-destructive tests was investigated to inspect the parts produced by the additive manufacturing method. These tests include visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing, XCT, acoustic emission testing and thermography test. The application of each of the mentioned NDT methods in additive manufacturing and their suitability for detecting the defects of parts manufactured by AM method were investigated. Also, the sensitivity, advantages and disadvantages of each method were evaluated and the types of defects and the ability to detect these defects by NDT methods were mentioned. Considering that there are 7 categories of production methods in additive manufacturing, in this research, the application of each NDT test for different categories of AM process was discussed and the challenges in each were mentioned.

There is disagreement among scholars about the relation between the verses of a surah. On the one hand, commentators such as Saʿīd Ḥawwā have used it as the basis of their interpretive work, and on the other, some have rejected this connection and so have joined to those orientalists who consider the verses in a surah disconnected. The latter confirmed the maximum connection between some verses. The present study examines the relation between the verses of Sūrat al-Anʿām to show the relation and coherence between all the verses of this Surah. In this regard, first the topics in each verse are extracted and categorized, by classifying them. Secondly, the main lines of the topic in the surah are shown and thirdly by stating the relation between the lines, the relation of all the verses of the surah is clarified. Thus, in contrary to the opinion of some scholars and orientalists who do not believe in the relation between all the verses of a surah, the relation between verses of Sūrah al-Anʿām can be proved by extracting relation lines (7 main lines) and the coherence of these verses is shown in this study.

The aim of the current study was to identify possible links between relationship belies and positive feeling to spouse in a sample of consisted of 121 couples after 2 years of their engagement. The Possessives Feeling Questionnaire and the Relation Beliefs Inventory were conducted on couples, separately. Using several multivariate regression analyses and independent t tests, it was found that “partners can not changed”, was a valid predictive of positive feeling to spouse. The“sexual perfectionism” in men was a valuable predictive for positive feeling to spouse in both males and females. In females, irrational beliefs on “the sexes are different” was valid for predicting positive feeling to spouse on both genders. Positive feeling to spouse, in females, could also be predicted by “mind reading is expected” and “disagreement is destructive”. The mean score of “disagreement is destructive” on females was significantly higher than males.

The Present study has been done to investigate the role of Relationship Beliefs and personality characters in predicting sexual satisfaction of married female nurses of Kermanshah.Research type was descriptive - Correlation. Population of this study was all married female nurses of Kermanshah in 2014-2015 yea. 278 married female nurses were selected through cluster sampling method. Instruments include Relationship Beliefs questionnaires’ (Epstein & Eielson), the Five Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI); (Costa & McCare, 1992).  And sexual satisfaction (Larson).The gathered Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and linear regression stepwise method. The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between Personality character neuroticism and sexual satisfaction and significant positive relationship between Personality characteristics (Agreeableness, flexibility and responsibility) with sexual satisfaction. There is a significant negative relationship between Relationship Beliefs (Disagreement is destructive, Mind reading is expected and Sexual perfectionism) and relationship Beliefs with sexual satisfaction. Was not observed significant relationship between personality character Extroversion and Relationship Beliefs (Partner cannot change and the sexes are different). Between Personality characters, responsibility and Relationship Beliefs (Disagreement is destructive and Sexual perfectionism) can predict ٪34 of Variance of sexual satisfaction. According results present study can be said that personality character responsibility and Relationship Beliefs (Disagreement is destructive and Sexual perfectionism) can predict sexual satisfaction.

To evaluate the effects of bromicide AM (bromoxynil + MCPA)alone or mixed by salicylic acid, cytogaite, and ammonium sulphate on chlorophyll a</em> fluorescence (ChlF) of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus </em>L.), a greenhouse experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural Faculty of University of Tabriz in 2017. Bromicide AM, 16 hours after application, increased minimum fluorescence (F0</sub>) 84%, thermal dissipation quantum yield (F0</sub>/Fm) 89% and the rate of accumulation of closed reaction centers (∆V/∆to</sub>) 59% and decreased maximum fluorescence (Fm) 40%, maximum quantum yield of photochemistry (Fv/Fm) 71%, electron transport yield (φEo</sub>) 94%, normalized area (Sm) 97% and time needed to reach Fm (Tfm) 89%. Salicylic acid as a growth regulator had not negative effect on the efficacy of bromicide AM. 64 hours after herbicide application, synergistic effect on bromicide AM ammonium sulphate and cytogaite reduced 52% and 45% Fm, 62% and 37% Fv/Fm, 25% and 11% Fv/ F0</sub>, and enhanced 6% and 3.5% F0</sub>/Fm, 72% and 25% specific fluxes expressed per reaction centers (ABS/RC), 83% and 30% ratio – flux of dissipated energy per reaction center in t = 0, respectively. Results showed that assessment of chlorophyll a</em> fluorescence is a rapid and non-destructive technique for detecting photosynthetic apparatus response of plant to applied herbicide alone and or mixing with adjuvants.

Main purpose of recent research is to survey of deferent aspects of military and security measures of authoritarian regime of Israel and focusing on environmental consequences of actions of this regime. Because, in despite of several research that has been done on measures and policies of Israel regime but in term of environment or environmentally, destructive actions and todays impacts of its security and military measures of this regime on the environment of occupation territories of Palestine and Israel neighborhoods and middle east has not studied in detail. This recent article tries to analyses this issue from deferent aspects in comprehensive. Findings of the research show that settlement-making and military measures of israel on environment of Palestine territories caused destructive consequences such as pollution of water resources of Palestine, destruction of plant and animal life, air pollution and transform of natural environment of Palestine by Israel settlers and as result creation economical insecurity and health problem for people of Palestine and other people of the region. It also causes destruction of cultural heritage of Palestine by road-building and constructions of Israel, pollution of dangerous solid garbages. Israel military and security actions of Israel also cause the pollution and threat of the Middle East environment. Military measures, canal construct, drainage of swamp, transport of heavy military vehicles, application of chemical, biological and conventional weapons against its neighborhoods(Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Somalia, Jordan and other countries of middle east region) caused erosion of soil, remove of plant cover, air pollution and destruction of water and dry ecosystem and climate change of this region. Huge amounts of organic deposits has raised on soil surface and inflammation of this deposits led to development of new zones of deposits and in its subsequence, spread of soil and sand particles in air and spread of them in the regions countries. Also, warmongering of sad am and Americans and drying of swamp by sad am and transform of land surfaces and west hegemony on this region are another important factors of the environmental, social and economical threats in this region. Method of this research is causal- explanation method and method of data collection is use of library –documental resources.

On the eve of the third millennium, the family is the fundamental social institution and marriage commitment is to maintain the stability and health of the system. Marital commitment means how much your spouse value family relationships and how sustain the marriage incentives. To improve marital and family relations, especially the increase in marital commitment, it is necessary to obtain the relevant information about these structures and to identify factors that affect them. As well as understanding the relationship structures can play a role in education projects and interventions are associated with the satisfaction of couples. Thus, analyzing the factors that play a role in maintaining marital commitment is very important. This study examined two styles of lovemaking and dysfunctional relationship beliefs.
Refers to this love style how people define love or not love. In this study, the order of the Relationship Beliefs is mentality that couple to have their marital relationship and have accepted it as fact. Dysfunctional Relationship Beliefs, including beliefs and thoughts are unreasonable have created problems in relationships. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the role of love style and relationship beliefs on marital commitment.
This study is a descriptive correlation study. The population of this study included married employees Azad University of Arak. 108 women (48%) and men (52%) of the sample were selected. The average age of subjects was 39.2 years old, with a standard deviation 5.43 years and the average length of marriage was 16.5 years. After a description of objective research and stressing that the information will remain strictly confidential, participants were asked to anonymously into three questionnaire Relationship Beliefs, love style and marital commitment. Questionnaire's view are as follows: Relationship beliefs list to measure irrational beliefs communication in marriage by Eidelson and Epstein (1982). Subscales of the questionnaire are: Disagreement is destructive, partner cannot change, mind reading is expected, sexual perfectionism, and the sexes are different. Hendrick and Hendrick love style questionnaire by using the Theory of Lee of love built in 1986.
The questionnaire contained 6 styles such as Eros, Storge, Ludus, Mania, Pragma, and Agape. Marital commitment questionnaire of adherence to his wife and marriage measure has been developed by Adams and Jones in 1997. The questionnaire has 44 questions that in a five-point scale, three-dimensional marital commitment includes personal commitment, moral and structural measures. In order to compare the marital commitment, Relationship Beliefs and style of lovemaking between women's and men's t-test was used. To examine the relationship between marital commitment with each of the love styles and relationship beliefs irrational Pearson correlation was conducted to answer the question which of the components of relationship beliefs irrational and style of lovemaking can predict their marital commitment variance from stepwise regression analysis was used.
Findings: In this study, between women and men in terms of irrational Relationship Beliefs sexual perfectionism was significant difference, so that the belief in men than women. It was also found that there was a significant relationship between the duration of the marriage and marital commitment, whatever the duration of the marriage is marital commitment is reduced. The correlation between variables, correlation coefficient marital commitment with the irrational relationship beliefs, the disagreement is destructive equal 0.28
and the partners cannot change was 0.24. Stepwise regression results showed that disagreement is destructive belief, as predictor variables, predictors 21% of variance of marital commitment. So that the disagreement is destructive belief and plays a significant role in predicting marital commitment. The correlation between marital commitment was the Eros love style equal 0.49, mania 0.31, agape 0.42. According to the results of Eros, mania, agape love styles are significant predictors of marital commitment.
Since the commitment consider as a decision to continue the marriage it is necessary to help couples to learn communication is a set of skills that can be learned and grown and strengthen their marriage therefore contribute to the stability of the family. This can be achieved by implementing training courses for people getting married, to give up their irrational beliefs to change or modify communication. Also, the results of this study confirm the relationship between the lovemaking style and marital commitment to predict the marital commitment. This knowledge helps to provide appropriate strategies be adopted.

Ferula L. is one of the largest genera from Apiaceae family with about 180 species, which grow in semi-arid rangelands. One of the challenges associated with this genus in their natural habitats is drought and additionally in case of Ferula haussknechtii H. Wolff ex Rech.f. species is allelopathy caused by companion with Artemisia persica Boiss.

The present study aimed to investigate the roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the growth, physiological characteristics, nutrient uptake, and survival of Ferula haussknechtii H. Wolff ex Rech. F. grown under the interactive influences of drought and allelopathy stress conditions. Four levels of allelopathy stress, three levels of drought stress, and two mycorrhizal treatments (AM and Non-AM) were applied to the pots in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement.

Based on ANOVA results (p≤5%), the survival capacities of the Non-AM inoculated plants were significantly less than those of the AM inoculated plants for all allelopathic and drought stress levels. The maximum values of survival capacity were seen in AM×FC×A1 treatment as 75% and the lowest survival capacity was observed in Non-AM×30%FC×A4 as 29%. In general, AM fungi inoculation significantly increase the root:shoot ratios and mycorrhizal dependency values (p≤5%). Based on ANOVA results, the highest and lowest values for root:shoot ratios were observed as 0.71 and 0.27 for Non-AM×30%FC×A4 and AM×FC×A1 treatments, respectively. Drought stress and allelopathic conditions have a destructive effect on total chlorophyll content. The maximum and minimum proline content (0.21 and 0.04) was observed in treatment of AM incubated with highest level of drought and allelopathic and in Non-AM incubated with lowest level of drought and allelopathic, respectively.

AM fungi inoculation had a significant positive effect on total nitrogen and phosphorus content in plant tissues but a significant negative effect on total nitrogen and phosphorus content was observed in drought and allelopathic stress treatments.

Ferula L. is one of the largest genera from Apiaceae family with about 180 species, which grow in semi-arid rangelands. One of the challenges associated with this genus in their natural habitats is drought and additionally, in case of F. haussknechtii H. Wolff ex Rech. F. species is allelopathy caused by companion with Artemisia persica Boiss.

The present study aimed to investigate the roles of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) in the growth, physiological characteristics, nutrient uptake, and survival of Ferula haussknechtii H. Wolff ex Rech. F. grown under the interactive influences of drought and allelopathy stress conditions. Four levels of allelopathy stress, three levels of drought stress, and two mycorrhizal treatments (AM and Non-AM) were applied to the pots in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement.

Based on ANOVA results (p≤0.05), the survival capacities of the Non-AM inoculated plants were significantly less than those of the AM inoculated plants for all allelopathic and drought stress levels. The maximum values of survival capacity were seen in AM×FC×A1 treatment as 75% and the lowest survival capacity was observed in Non-AM×30%FC×A4 as 29%. In general, AM fungi inoculation significantly increases the root: shoot ratios and mycorrhizal dependency values (p≤0.05). Based on ANOVA results, the highest and lowest values for root: shoot ratios were observed as 0.71 and 0.27 for Non-AM×30%FC×A4 and AM×FC×A1 treatments, respectively. Drought stress and allelopathic conditions have a destructive effect on total chlorophyll content. The maximum and minimum proline content (0.21 and 0.04µmol gFW-1) was observed in treatment of AM incubated with the highest level of drought and allelopathic and in Non-AM incubated with the lowest level of drought and allelopathic, respectively.

AM fungi inoculation had a significant positive effect on total nitrogen and phosphorus content in plant tissues but there was a significant negative effect on total nitrogen and phosphorus content in drought and allelopathic stress treatments.

In this study, the relationship between relational beliefs and irrational expectations of Iranian migrant couples were examined. The sample is composed of 50 Iranian couples (residents of Canada and Australia). Couples were recruited if accessible or volunteered to participate in this research. All the participants completed the following measures: Dyadic Adjustment Scale; Relationship believes Inventory (Epstein, 1992); and Non-logical Expectation Scale (Sahebi, 2005).The results of this study revealed that marital satisfaction and cognitive variables are correlated. Correlation coefficient between marital satisfaction and the belief "Disagreement is destructive" was 0.42; "mind reading is expected" 0.23, "partner cannot change" 0.59, "Sexual perfectionism" 0.32, and "Innate gender differences account for marital problems" 0.12.Correlation between marital satisfaction and non-logical expectations was 0.25.To assess the contribution of these variables in predicting marital satisfaction's variances, linear regression analysis was applied. Furthermore, to determine the specific contribution of each individual variable, a hierarchical regression analysis carried out, which revealed that cognitive variables are predicting in total 0.44 of marital satisfaction’s variance, from which 0.41 of variances is defined by two communication beliefs: "Disagreement is destructive"(0.19) and "partner cannot change" (0.22). The rest of the variables predicted less than 2 percent of the variance.The results of this study have applications in marital education courses and workshops.