In the present study a deterministic bio-economic model was used to estimate economic values for reproduction traits (conception rate, twining rate and litter size), production traits (body weight of kid sold at 6.5 months, annual cashmere weight, body weight of doe and annual milk yield) and longevity (survival of doe, survival of kid until weaning and survival of kid until sale age at 6.5 months), from recording of 10 Rayeni Cashmere goat flocks including 1810 does and 95 bucks in Kerman province in south east of Iran. Sensitivity analysis of economic values to price levels of input and output was also carried out. Revenue sources of production system included: live weight, milk and cashmere production, while live weight was the most important one and included 62.37% of the total revenues. Total profit was 126.2 $ per doe per year. The most important traits were annual milk yield followed by litter size with relative importance of 0.99 and 0.016, respectively. The lowest relative importance was body weight of doe (-0.040). In this system, all the economic values were positive except body weight of doe. Changes in prices of input and output had slightly effects on economic values.

The Clean Air Act of Iran stipulates several duties for the executive organizations and designates the Department of Environment (DOE) as the supervisor for due implementation of its rules. Several problems in implementation of this Act, reveals that the responsible executive organizations have not fulfilled their own responsibilities properly and, in the front side, the DOE faces with challenges in supervision on enforcement of this Act. So this manuscript aims to investigate the administrative challenges of DOE in supervision on implementation of Clean Air Act. This study based on descriptive, analytical and legal pathology method, examines the main supervision challenges of DOE and concludes that the Act has determined arduous duties for the executive organizations which are very difficult to implement fully. The main challenges are the command and control approach of this Act, lack of appropriate encouraging instruments, weak enforcement powers for DOE, and the other socio-economic challenges, water scarcity and technological shortcomings for the executive organizations.

Bipolar plates are one of the most important components in a PEM fuel cell. In this study, a bipolar plate made of stamping method is developed to increase electrical conductivity and mechanical behavior and manufacturing productivity of the fuel cell and to decrease electrical resistance according to DOE. For fabrication these plates, phenolic resins were used as matrix and expanded graphite to increase electrical conductivity and graphite to filler and carbon fiber to increase flexural strength and optimize electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity increased up to 40 percent respect to the DOE. The flexural strength and impact strength of the measured specimens were improved respect to the DOE about 11 and 170 percent, respectively. The experimental results are in accordance with DOE. According to SEM images and test curves, electric conductivity increases with expanded graphite filler. Finally, the results showed that expanded graphite weight gain did not affect the mechanical behavior of the composite and increased the electrical conductivity.

HEPA filters serve as important safety device to protect personnel as well as the public and environment from the radiation effects exist in the air, so they are vital devices in the event accidents. DOE provides directions through the use of two technical standards, 3020 and 3025, including QA requirements for the procurement, packaging, shipping and storage of HEPA filters and also provides direction to the QA requirements for HEPA filter inspection and testing, which their media is Fiber-glass and designed according to the FC and FK sections of ASME AG-1 code.  The DOE Technical Standards specifically state that inspection and testing are to be performed at an independent FTF prior to filter installation at DOE nuclear facilities and this is in addition to the inspection and testing performed by the filter manufacturers.By applying a four step QA inspection and testing program in DOE FTF, the rate of annually deficiencies in visual inspections is 3-5 percent and for flow inspections is about 2 percent and these values sustained during 40 years of applying this program which shows this program is efficient. Also a good relation between AG-1 and DOE is performed, caused the requirements of AG-1 be revised according to this program. In this paper firstly HEPA filter structure and its different types is described, then DOE program of  QA inspections and testing of filters is discussed, and finally deficiencies of ventilation system of TRR in comparison to this program is mentioned in results.

The methodology of six-sigma is one of process improvement’s approaches that its aim is efficiency improvement of process, stability, customers’ satisfaction and cutting deviations such as wastage, reworking and costs. Heretofore different techniques have been introduced for achieving to this aims, so that one of their most efficient is Design of Experiments (DOE). The DOE technique is a scientific method for introducing the main parameters related to a process, where specifies the optimal application of this parameters for increasing the performance and the capacity of process. In this paper, application of the DOE is illustrated in the six-sigma methodology to decrease process time of outsourcing contracts adopting of industrial services engineering of Iran khodro corporation (ISEIKCO) and will be determined the principle parameters which affect on time of this process. Also, statistical analysis will be used for specifying the counteract affect of effective parameters and are proposed an improvement approaches to decrease processing time, where finally the obtained results will confirm the time efficiency improvement of outsourcing process.

Due to increased environmental problems, most countries in the world charge a specified agency with responsibility for environmental protection. In Iran, this mission has been given to the Department of Environment (DoE). Notwithstanding the silent endeavors of this Department, there are a lot of problems which are causing a deteriorating environment in Iran, particularly in terms of air, water and biological diversity. Inefficiency in the legislative system alongside the disorganization of the DoE, have led to inadequacy in the Department’s work. This inadequacy can be classed in three categories: law-related inefficiency of the Department; a lack of law governing interorganizational relations; and, finally, ultra-organizational problems. These inefficiencies, in the absence of any comprehensive sustainable development programme, on the one hand, and the non-existence of any parliamentary supervision on environmental matters, on the other, have led to non-integrated and ineffective management of the environment in Iran. This article considers the integrated management approach as a suggested solution, inter alia by amending and incorporating the environmental laws into a single code and also by integrating environmental related agencies, including the DoE, in the form of a powerful Ministry.

Design of Experiments (DOE) is one of most usable methods in hypothesis tests of a research. Nowadays we define it one of original. tools in produce procedures control and test of suggestions to more revenue and going to distinct desirability. This subject is especially useful for agricultural engineering. this same engineering studies impelling to DOE abilities causes we think this is a technique for product engineering studies، while useful for another areas that one of them is social science. This paper investigates Design of Experiments ability in social science especial police missions. Therefore we describe some methods in DOE with usefully instances، like complete block design، stratified design.

Combining the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the design of experiments (DOE) methods, as a mixed approach in modeling was proposed so that to simultaneously benefit from the advantages of both modeling methods. The presented method was validated using a coal hydraulic classifier in an industrial scale. Effects of operating parameters including feed flow rate, solid content and baffle length, were evaluated on classifier overflow velocity and cut-size as the process responses. The evaluation sequence was as follows: the variation levels of parameters was first evaluated using industrial measurement, and then a suitable experimental design was constructed and the DOE matrix was translated to CFD input. Afterwards, the overflow velocity values were predicted by CFD and cut-size values were determined using industrial and CFD results. Overflow velocity and cut-size were statistically analyzed to develop prediction models for DOE responses; and finally, the main and the interaction effects were interpreted with respect to DOE and CFD results. Statistical effect plots along with CFD fluid flow patterns showed the type and the magnitude of operating parameters effects on the classifier performance and visualized the mechanism by which those effects occurred. The suggested modeling method seems to be a useful approach for better understanding the real operational phenomena within the fluid-base separation devices. Furthermore, individual and interaction effects can also be identified and used for interpretation of nonlinear process responses.

Thin-walled structures play an important role in absorbing the energy in a low impact crash of vehicles up to saving lives from high impact Injury. In this paper, the thin-walled columns by using a hybrid Design of Experiments (DOE) and Ant Colony Algorithm (ACO) has been optimized. The analysis of the behavior of the nonlinear models under bending load is done using finite-element software Abaqus. The objective is to study the performance geometrically parameters of the columns using DOE-ACO approach. DOE method is being applied to determine the effects of cross-sections, material, and thickness on the energy absorption; and the ACO method is used for finding more accurate thickness on energy absorption. Four types of thin-walled cross-sections, i.e., circle, ellipse, hexagon, and square are used in this study. The optimized results of DOE method show that aluminum alloy (Al-6061) and high strength low alloy steel (HSLA) square columns have a higher energy absorption in comparison with the other cross-sections. However, the amount of absorbed energy in two types of columns is equal but, 50 percent weight reduction may be seen in Al-6061 columns. The columns are re-optimized by ACO to find the best thickness in the last step. In the following, by topology optimization participation, a new plan is proposed by the same thickness and 50% less weight, that has a higher crashworthiness efficiency by increasing SAE more than 70%. As a result of this plan is bridging the gap between standard topological design and multi-criteria optimization.

In current research we studied different powertrain options for a given B-class sedan vehicle in terms of fuel consumption target. The considered options include two engines and a base manual gearbox assuming the gear numbers and ratios can be changed. We concentrated on 5 and 6 speed gearboxes and used two parallel techniques to optimize gear ratios of the manual gearbox due to in-cycle fuel consumption which leaded to approximately the same results. To predict the fuel consumption in NEDC cycle, a longitudinal dynamic model of the vehicle was developed in GT-Suite environment. Two approaches by which we optimized the gear ratios were a direct optimizer based on genetic algorithm and a set of DOE analysis tools provided by GT-Suite software. The best result we got among all configurations was the combination of a 1500 cc turbocharged engine with a 5-speed manual gear box with optimized gear ratios based on DOE analysis technique. In this case we reached to 13.5% reduction in in-cycle fuel consumption.