Due to the role of the frame, in addition to strength and fatigue analysis, the deformation of the frame is also very important. But unlike strength and fatigue analyzes, there is no specific criterion for analyzing the deformation of the main frame. Therefore, in this paper, in addition to providing a method for deriving specific criteria for evaluating the permissible deformation of the frame and the drivetrain, with the help of simultaneous simulation of the frame and the drivetrain, a solution for determining the displacements and evaluating them under loads is presented. The performance of the main frame has also been examined in terms of strength. Due to the numerical nature of the proposed way, before obtaining the results, the quality of the elements is studied from various aspects to ensure the accuracy of the results. Finally, studies have shown that the presented geometry has the necessary strength, and also has sufficient rigidity against the applied loads on the wind turbine So the drivetrain installed on it without any problems can perform its function. Finally, the main frame strength safety factor is 1.3, the deformation safety factor of yaw bearing is 1.7, and the deformation safety factor of high-speed coupling is 1.1 in both axial and radial directions. Also, the deformation analysis of the drivetrain and frame assembly shows a 15% reduction in the life of the first bearing and a 50% reduction in the life of the second bearing installed on the main shaft of the wind turbine

Electric Vehicles (EV) are becoming more popular due to environmental friendly approach. However, due to the dominance of fossil fuel-based conventional vehicle on road, emission reduction is a crucial task. In spite of continuous efforts to keep emission under control with alternative fuels, emissions are not under control. Conversion of Conventional Vehicle (CV) into Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) is a promising solution to keep emissions under control of present vehicles running on the road as per norms. However, performance is limited by the size of an electric powertrain. Size of electric powertrain and its control strategy decided the fuel economy and emissions of vehicle i.e. the right size of the powertrain components is essential to fully exploit the benefits of the hybridization. The trend of electric powertrain design is from driving cycle. This will give better performance at that particular route only. Hence values are misleading for any other route and this design value can’t be generalized. The paper provides driving cycle independent generalized tool for the design of electric drivetrain during conversion of the conventional vehicle into the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle by fundamental force analogy method to get better performance of the vehicle. The MATLAB-Simulink tool is developed to size electric drivetrain parameters. The design parameters can be given as input which will size the electric powertrain i.e. size of motor and battery. In addition, the tool can be used to size battery of new PHEV. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of proposed tool and compared with designed values of the vehicle. The size of electric powertrain can be utilized as early stage design during conversion of the conventional vehicle into the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.

To reduce the harmful effects of fuel based engines new technologies in automotive industries have introduced. Combination of novel ball continuously variable transmission and hybrid technologies with the advantages of optimum controlling of power sources in the vehicle are the main topic of this paper by preparing a model of transmission using GT-Suite software. In order to determine the operation and responses of the proposed transmission, different operational modes, along with different inputs in term of speed, torque and ratio are presented. This research successfully demonstrates a new type of transmission which is developed to enjoy the benefits of combining technologies in vehicle drivetrain that features high torque capacity and desirable drivability. Main achievement of this paper is to show the operational modes of this system as well as ability to mode alteration during vehicle operation. Various steady and transient modes are studied in this paper using multi body modeling and it shows HBCVT can eliminate most limitation of parallel hybrid systems.

India is a country of 1.32 billion population with 221 million registered vehicles on the road. Of these, 933950 three wheelers entered service in the year 2015-16 (114% increase from 2005-06). With atmospheric pollution and emission norms in mind, it is essential that we bring down the emission of vehicles. Tail pipe emission reduction is one of the ways to achieve that but, it is a difficult process. This paper explores the alternative. This work describes a methodology for retrofitting the conventional drivetrain of a vehicle with an electric power unit. This work describes the development of a real world drive cycle for three wheeler Autorickshaws in Bengaluru city. For this, the micro trip generation method is employed, which captures the driving conditions encountered by the vehicle on a regular working day. A Bajaj RE 4 stroke CNG vehicle is used as the test vehicle throughout the process. A GPS based data logging system VBOX 3i is used for data acquisition. The vehicle dynamics are simulated to determine the power rating required for the electric motor to retrofit the IC engine using one dimensional longitudinal acceleration analysis. Coast down test results determine aerodynamic drag and rolling resistance coefficients. Dyno test helps us to understand the torque requirements for the electric motor to be retrofitted. The results of the mathematical model and the dyno test are then used to find a suitable electric motor. The adopted methodology in this work can be used to find the suitable power train replacement for any vehicle.

This paper investigates a new scheme in the design of a dynamic observer for generator torque estimation in the wind turbine. Using a dynamic sliding mode observer design that has never been used for a wind turbine, we increase the Lipschitz constant, which is equivalent to increase the operation range and increasing the observer's robustness to the nonlinear term. Design innovation is the use of dynamic gain in the design of the SMO and guarantee of asymptotic stability condition by  optimal control problem. The additional degree of freedom proposed by this dynamic formula is used to cope with the nonlinearity. Finally, using the real wind profile, the design procedure is implemented on the 100 kW wind turbine of the Sun and Air Research Institute and the results are also evaluated with the wind turbine simulator software FAST. Also, as the second contribution of this paper, by adding process noise and measurement noise to the turbine, the superiority of the proposed algorithm over others is investigated.