In this research work with the aid of Tagouchi experimental design and rawing of interaction curves with Minitab software, the best rotor speed and dump temperature of mixing for physico-mechanical and rheological properties of the rubber compound with three mixing steps was obtained. Moreover by plotting the mean curves in Excel worksheet, the dependency of properties on rotor speed, dump temperature and mixing energy were analyzed. The Results showed that dispersion was improved with increasing rotor speed and dump temperature at the lower total time. The best dispersion occurred at the highest dump temperature and the rotor speed in the second stage. We attributed better dispersion to lower filler-filler interaction, because of the mixing process performed at higher temperatures when we used higher rotor speeds at higher dump temperatures. Effect of rotor speed and dump temperature on tension properties were negligible. However, the higher dump temperature had negative effect on tear resistance, whereas, the high rotor speed had positive effect. The same results were observed for die swell while the governed mechanism on these properties was studied as well.

Today, during the life of an open pit mine, million tons of materials, including waste and ore, are displaced by truck fleets. In the case of a shallow ore deposit, which is located up to 300 meters to the ground surface, depending on preliminary equipment size and capacity, it will take three to five years to remove overburden and waste rocks to expose the ore body. In that period, the main waste dump site will be used as a disposal of waste dump. Apart from considering the characteristics of the waste dump location such as geological and geotechnical properties, the major factors influencing the hauling process are topography, hauling length and construction cost of the haul road. Truck transportation cost depending on the circumstances comprises 45 to 60% of the cost of mining of one tonne ore. Thus, well site selection of waste dump in coordination with the main haul road path confidently leads to a significant saving of economic resources. In this research, while identifying the effective factors in selecting the waste dump sites, a linear mathematical model is developed to find a suitable site for waste dump disposal considering minimizing haul road construction cost.

The article describes the assessment of the predicted water flows at the site of the projected rock dumps, which was carried out using geofiltration modeling. When developing the model, we used actual data on capacities, filtration coefficients and water capacity, roof and sole marks of the selected aquifers, precipitation infiltration, as well as the projected dumps are located on the slope surface. We schematized hydrogeological filtration conditions in relation to existing natural conditions, taking into account the planned construction and operation of dumps, and also determined the maximum water inflow of underground and surface water into the drainage system. Based on the obtained data, the most effective version of the drainage system for the removal of underground and surface water from the territory of dumps has been developed, which will allow to perform the maximum possible interception of the flow of underground water and flood water, to form depression surfaces in the near-slope mass of the body of dumps, to prevent filtration deformations of the ledges and to ensure the normative bearing capacity of rocks. The provided drainage devices will ensure the overall stability of the ledges of the dumps, both during their long standing and during their constant formation.

In open-pit mine, safety of internal dumps is a significant pointer on the economic perspective of the overall project. It has been found in several studies that unplanned and random deposition of the overburdened material is the main reason for mishaps and failure. The study utilized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to map the mine dumps, and the precise 3D geometry of the same was reconstructed to evaluate the safety using numerical methods. A framework is proposed to assess and identify the potential zone of instability in the mine dumps. The study was conducted at the open-pit mine at the Raniganj coalfield of Paschim Bardhaman in West Bengal, India. The study assessed the internal dump safety using a 3D limit equilibrium method and numerical methods. Finally, optimum parameters are suggested for the mine dumps geometry under the prevailing geo-mining conditions of the mine site. The framework proposed here for assessing critical zones in mine dumps is cost-effective, easy to use, quick, and efficient.

Newly minerals could be formed as a result of oxidation, hydrolysis, precipitation and dehydration processes in acid mine drainage (AMD) environment. The occurrence of secondary minerals within the dump No. 7 from Miduk copper mine was studied using mineralogical approaches including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDS) and Raman Spectroscopy (RS). Geochemical invetigations, including saturation index and speciation, were conducted on pore water of the dump which simulated from paste pH test. Acidic pH value (ranges from 1.47 to 4.23), a high concentration of SO42- (ranges from 3.95 to 286 g/L) and a high level of Fe (varies from 120.9 to 70860 mg/L) of the waste leached indicate that sulphide oxidation especially pyrite occurs within the dump. Complex FeSO4+ was dominant species of ferric iron in the leached solution phase. According to mineralogical and geochemical studies, newly formed minerals including coquimbite, ferricopiapite, plumbojarosite, rozenite, alunogen and brochantite were identified within the dump. Retention of As, Pb and Cu by iron sulphate, especially coquimbite, were confirmed in the dump. The results of the present study could be employed to develop a comperehensive environmental management program at the mining sites.

Marketing techniques and methods of eliminating commercial competitors have attracted considerable attention. One of these techniques is using predatory pricing by which the predator undertakings gain control over a great portion of the market and strike a probably heavy blow to the rivals abroad through supplying products with a lower price than home. In a broad classification, predatory pricing may occur domestically or internationally. The latter is known as dumping. The most important legal document in this regard in Iran is the “Regulation of Predicting Protective, Compensatory and Anti-Dumping Expedients and Measures for Protection of Domestic Producers” 1386 [2007].Since the mentioned Iranian provisions have not been analyzed by Iranian lawyers yet, the purpose of this study is the comparative review of this Regulation and the Anti-Dumping Agreement in order to discern the deficiencies of the Iranian Regulation in regard to determination of dumping. Therefore, the main and specific question of this paper is that what are the exact deficiencies of the aforementioned Regulation, as the most important legal document of Iran, in regard to determination of dumping and what is the solution? Thus, firstly, we will review the main elements of determination of dumping and after introduction of the key issues, the important deficiencies of the Iranian provision such as determination of the ordinary course of trade, concealment or untrustworthiness of the export price, comparison with regard to the price in the country of origin, simultaneous evaluation of the effects of importation from different countries, the prerequisites of investigation in regard to the quantity of the applicants and the price comparison criterion with respect to quantity of sales, will be illustrated and consequently, this paper shows that the current provisions of Iran concerning the determination of dumping face serious deficiencies, the elimination of which requires amending the aforementioned Regulation.

One of the issues affecting the realization of economic resilience in Iranian system is the violation of the competition between merchants by dumping. Dumping means selling a product in a foreign market at a lower price than its final cost or the normal price or the cost/price of a similar product in the supplier country, with the aim of gaining an advantage in competing with other suppliers of the same product. Dumping is an instrument for violation of market competitiveness and undermining national production and is therefore considered as an important obstacle against the realization of economic resilience. Thus, for anti-dumping practices, the solutions based on legal and Islamic jurisprudential should be presented to support the economic system and national production and realization of the economic resilience. Therefore, in Iranian law, solutions such as counter-vailing duty, quotas, anti-circumvention and etc. have been proposed as ways of maintaining the health of the economy and providing the basis for the abandonment of dumping activities. In Shia Islamic jurisprudence, sanctions such as compensation and civil liability based on rule "La-Zarar", punishment of the disruptors in the health of the economic system and refund of the profits from dumping activities have been considered as ways of preventing dumping, upgrading the health of the economic system and guaranteeing the resilience of the economy.

The Wardha valley coalfields, situated in the western part of India, contribute to more than 7% of the national coal production.  The open-pit mining methods are the modes of exploitation of coal in the majority of the mines in the area. Due to the increased depth of working and higher stripping ratio, the output of waste overburden is increased. The challenges are the scarcity of the available land for dumping waste overburden geo-material safely. Optimization of the mine dump slope geometry is the only available alternative in the hands of the management in order to increase the life of the projects and continue the production of coal. This investigation specifically addresses this issue, and proposes a combination of the optimum geometric configurations of the dump slope. This work utilizes the computational power of the numerical modeling technique in order to solve a large number of alternatives and zero them down to the optimum combination. The numerical modeling is considered as a major external factor that contributes to the mine dump's instability. This work shows an 18% increase in the dumping waste material volume in the present condition. This investigation also reveals that double stage dumping is comparably better in optimizing the dump slope configuration.

The stability of waste dumps is a significant and at times critical issue in the development of surface mines. Due to insufficient space for waste disposal, environmental concerns, and various other factors, Mine No. 4 at Golgohar Sirjan is not capable of establishing a new waste dump. Given the existing limitations of the mine, the investigation has focused on increasing the dump capacity through the implementation of benches. In this research work, the stability of the waste dump has been investigated using the limit equilibrium method with the Slide3D software, along with a Monte Carlo simulation approach for probabilistic analysis. The results obtained from these methods have been compared with each other. The acceptable safety factor considered for this assessment ranges from 1.15 to 1.2. By adding benches to the eastern waste dump of the mine, a displaced volume equivalent to 36,715.565 cubic meters has been added to the capacity. The constructed model is based on the topography of the area, with dimensions of 1850 meters in length, 1750 meters in width, and 160 meters in height. The results indicate that the safety factor of the waste dump has been calculated as follows using the Spencer, Janbu, and Bishop methods respectively: 1.26, 1.199, and 1.226. Mine No. 4 needs to extract 983.58 million tons of waste to produce 73 million tons of iron ore. In total, by discharging 428 million tons of waste in the northeastern and eastern dumps and adding a bench, a volume of 555.571 million tons of waste is available for disposing of the remaining waste. Considering the remaining waste volume, space must be allocated for waste disposal to Mine No. 4.

One of the important purposes of international trade is creating an environment based on healthy competition. Therefore, using its agreements, the world trade organisation tries to confront the anti-competitive procedures. One of these procedures is known as dumping which is compiled as anti-dumping rules in the organisation. On the other hand, Iran's regulations which are ratified in the general policies of the 44th principle of the constitution bans dumping. Since the Iran accession to Word Trade Organization (WTO) has been under consideration for many years, explaining the legal system of dumping in Iran and WTO is necessary not only to identify the rules and eligible references for handling the breaking of the rules in Iran's law, but also to regard the matching condition in the mentioned organization and the importance of matching internal regulations with that of the organization to know whether the differences are obstacles for Iran accession or not.