Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is a common therapeutic intervention in patients with coronary artery disease. This surgery has various complications. Electrolyte disorders are among common important complications among these patients. purpose of this study was to determine the level of electrolyte disorders and related factors in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery hospitalized in cardiac care units. In this descriptive cross–sectional study, 288 Coronary Artery By Pass Graft (CABG) patients admitted to educational hospital were selected by gradual sampling. Data were collected by a three part researcher made questionnaire covering demographics, past medical history and levels of sodium and potassium through patients’ medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate tests (chi square test, fisher exact test and logistic regression). Findings showed that 16.7% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were hyponatremia, 4.9% hypernatremia, 14.2% hypokalemia and 3.8% hyperkalemia. The results also indicated that there was a significant relationship between the factors such as body mass index, history of drug use, the number of vessels involved, the number of grafts, the length of time connected to mechanical ventilation, duration of artificial heart-lung machine use, aortic clamping time, and amount of intraoperative hypothermia, hemoglobin and hematocrit and postoperative electrolyte disorders (P<0.05). According to Logestic regression model, these factors were not associated to electrolyte abnormalities. The findings showed that many factors such as individual medical history and condition during surgery can affect electrolyte abnormalities after coronary artery bypass graft. Identifying these factors can be useful in planning for prevention, diagnosis and early treatment of possible complications which in turn may result in promotion of quality care.

Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is a common therapeutic intervention in patients with coronary artery disease. This surgery has various complications. Electrolyte disorders are among common important complications among these patients. purpose of this study was to determine the level of electrolyte disorders and related factors in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery hospitalized in cardiac care units. In this descriptive cross–sectional study, 288 Coronary Artery By Pass Graft (CABG) patients admitted to educational hospital were selected by gradual sampling. Data were collected by a three part researcher made questionnaire covering demographics, past medical history and levels of sodium and potassium through patients’ medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate tests (chi square test, fisher exact test and logistic regression). Findings showed that 16.7% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were hyponatremia, 4.9% hypernatremia, 14.2% hypokalemia and 3.8% hyperkalemia. The results also indicated that there was a significant relationship between the factors such as body mass index, history of drug use, the number of vessels involved, the number of grafts, the length of time connected to mechanical ventilation, duration of artificial heart-lung machine use, aortic clamping time, and amount of intraoperative hypothermia, hemoglobin and hematocrit and postoperative electrolyte disorders (P<0.05). According to Logestic regression model, these factors were not associated to electrolyte abnormalities. The findings showed that many factors such as individual medical history and condition during surgery can affect electrolyte abnormalities after coronary artery bypass graft. Identifying these factors can be useful in planning for prevention, diagnosis and early treatment of possible complications which in turn may result in promotion of quality care.

Asthma is one of the most common diseases and one of the major causes of morbidities which demands high cost. With improvement in research and management methods, electrolyte disorders have been considered in patients with asthma because these disorders may cause exacerbation of asthma and lead to severe complications and even death. However, it does not seem these disorders are side effects of drugs used by these patients and they may be a part of natural history or pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, due to the importance of these disorders in effective management of the patients, creating new treatment methods, decreasing complications and improving outcome of these patients, this study was carried out on 96 patients with chronic asthma to explore the above-mentioned subjects. Patients neither had hospitalization nor received intravenous aminophyline oral inhaler and intravenous beta-agonist and intravenous corticosteroid. None of the patients used alcohol or diuretics, was smoker and had co-existing disease. Sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphore and magnesium were measured in all of the patients. 45.8% of the patients were males and 54.2% were females. Mean age of males(49.8±3.5) was significantly more than that of females(41.2±3.1 P<0.05). The only electrolyte abnormality in this study was hypomagnesemia(10.4%). Mean plasma potassium level in patients that received inhalational beta-agonists(3.6 meq/dl) was significantly less than those who did not receive them (4.21 meq/dl, P<0.05). Also, mean plasma calcium concentration(10.4 mg/dl) in patients who took oral steroids was significantly more than those who did not receive them(8.8mg/dl, P<0.05). In conclusion, hypomagnesemia is the most common electrolyte disorder in patients with chronic asthma, which is not related to drugs used in these patients and may be a part of pathogenesis of this disease. Thus, treatment of hypomagnesemia may be effective in better control of asthma and decreasing its complications.

Since the topic of water and electrolyte disorders in the field of medical sciences is a very important topic and this issue in anesthesia students compared to other students due to the nature of Anna's field is several times more important, we decided to study the present study with the aim Experiences of electrolyte and acid-base disorders teaching in anesthesia students. This study was conducted as a clinical experiment in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences with the participation of anesthesia students (before the internship). The relevant professor conducted the topic of water and electrolyte disorders in two ways of group discussion (problem solving) with the method of lecture on clinical reasoning for students and finally their scores were compared with each other. A covariance analysis model was used to investigate the relationship between different factors and clinical reasoning score. The results show that there is only a significant relationship between pre-internship score and clinical reasoning score (p-value <0.05). In this study, it was found that in comparing the two methods of teaching lecture and problem solving, although the amount of learning in the two methods did not show a statistically significant difference, but the interns' clinical reasoning scores in the problem solving method were higher than the lecture method.

Febrile seizure is the most common of seizures in children of ten associated with tonic-clonic and a decrease in consciousness level as well as an upward gaze. This disorder is considered the most common cause of epilepsy along with severe neurological damage. This study aimed to assess the electrolyte disorder assess the underlying risk factor to control seizures. This was a cross–sectional study carried out on 172 children admitted for febrile seizure. In this study, the levels of potassium, glucose and calcium serum were measured. The results showed that, out of all the investigated cases, 35 children proved to suffer from hyponatremia, 2 from hypernatremia, and 135 cases showed a normal level of sodium. Furthermore, 8 children were suffering from hyperkalemia, 8 from hypokalemia, while 156 case were enjoying a normal level of potassium. Besides, 27 children proved as hypocalcemic, 11 as hyperkalcemic and 132 cases showed a normal level of calcium. Only one children was suffering from hypoglycemia. According to the statistical achievements of this study, there cant be any significant relation between the seizure occurrences and electrolyte disorders in forms of hyper-or-hypomatremia, hyper-or-hypokalemia, and hyper-or-hypoglycemia(P>0.05). Therefore, such patients are suggested to undergo these chemical tests Just in case of presenting underlying specific symptoms of such disorders.

Seizure is a transient brain dysfunction due to abnormal electrical discharges of some cortical neurons. Clinical manifestations of seizures depend on the types of involved neurons. Seizures are the most cause of admitted patients to hospital emergency. Etiology of seizures is important in managements of these attacks. So, the purpose of this study was to survey the etiology of seizure in cases admitted to emergency department. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients with a diagnosis of seizure admitted to emergency department of Roohani hospital during 2009-2011. Semi structured questionnaires in three sections, including primary causes (epilepsy, cerebrovascular lesions, head trauma and brain tumor), secondary causes (poisonings, infections, metabolic disorders and electrolyte disorders) and other causes (pseudosizures, drug withdrawal and unrecognized etiology) were completed for all of patients from their files. Then data was analyzed. Among all of 213 patients 138 (64.8%) were male and 75 (35.2%) were female and the mean age of patients was 38.5+ 20.8. The most prevalent cause of seizure were epilepsy in 77 (36.1%), idiopathic in 45 (21.1%) and the other causes were poisoning (11.8%), cerebral vascular lesions (9.8%), non-real seizure (8.4%), brain tumor (3.3%), electrolyte disorders (2.8%), brain trauma (0.9%), metabolic disorders (2.8%), and the other (2.3%). The results of this study showed that the most common cause of seizure in these patients was epilepsy. The causes such as cerebral vascular lesions, poisonings and non-real seizure in our study was higher than other studies. So, continuous control of epileptic patients will be effective to decrease occurrence of seizure.

Gastroenteritis is one of the major causes of children mortality and malnutrition in developing countries. According to World Health Organization a child dies e very six seconds throughout the world because of diarrhea. Repeated attacks of diarrhea, lead to nutritional disorder and growth pauses. The current study was accomplished to assess the epidemiology of gastroenteritis in children admitted to Pediatrics ward of Vali-e-Asr hospital in Birjand. Using census this descriptive study was done on children under 60 months who were admitted to Vali-e-Asr pediatric hospital with the diagnosis of gastroenteritis in 2002. Questionnaire was completed through interviews with the mother and hospital records. Data were analyzed in SPSS software Out of 314 children with diarrhea 6.58% were boys and 4.41% were girls, which 1.69% was born in the normal way. 36% of children had an electrolyte disorder with hypokalemia as the most common. 89.5% were treated by antibiotics and Ceftriaxone was the most common used drug. 48.7% of children had been breast fed in the first year of life, and 57.6% were finally discharged from the hospital with full recovery. In this study, the prevalence of underweight children is more than the mean of children in Birjand which could be a predisposing factor for gastroenteritis. Electrolyte disorders are important in children and by correcting them many mortality and complications can be avoided.

Fluid-electrolyte balance is a dynamic process that is necessary for the continuation of life and homeostasis. Disorders in the bodychrs electrolyte balance and renal dysfunction are related factors in aggravation of symptoms, mortality and length of hospital stay and treatment costs, so we decided To conduct a study by examining the status of electrolyte disorders and its related factors in patients admitted to Shohada Ghaen Educational and Medical Center.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was performed by census method on all patients admitted to Shohada Ghaen Hospital in 2017. The tools used in this research included a researcher-made checklist that had 11 items that were completed by the researcher. For data analysis, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and frequency tables and chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis. Significance level was set at (P <0.05).

873 patients with a mean age of 22.92 ± 58.42 were studied. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between electrolyte disorders and the level of education, type of disease and disease ward (P <0.05).

Increasing knowledge and awareness has a great effect on the prevention of electrolyte disorders. Also, due to the relationship between electrolyte disorders and the type of disease, special attention should be paid to this issue.

Due to the need of patients to the intensive care unit (ICU) for receiving medical and nursing services, these services should be provided in a timely manner. This study aimed to develop the clinical guidelines for admission criteria of intensive care unit.
This study was observational type study was conducted for nine months in 2015 based on a three-step process of adoption of clinical guidelines including planning, adoption and finalization. After conducting systematic searches, the quality of retrieved clinical guidelines was evaluated by experts from policy makers in the admission of patients in the ICU. Finally, the ultimate version of the guideline was developed after reviewing and organizing expert panel sessions.
The criteria for accepting patients were presented in form of seven clauses based on the neurological status, cardiovascular status, respiratory status, water and electrolyte disorders, gastrointestinal disturbances, endocrine disorders, surgery and postoperative care.
One of the most important factors of creating demand inducing to the patients is the lack of clinical guidelines. It is recommended that departmental doctors should apply the mentioned clinical guidelines in order to make the resources of the intensive care unit more effective.

Sodium disorders are one of the most important electrolyte disorders among brain trauma patients.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of hyponatremia in patients with moderate and severe brain trauma and its relationship with disease prognosis.
This descriptive-cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted on brain trauma patients visiting Kashani Hospital in Isfahan city in 2023. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS 24.
Out of the 54 examined (23 severe TBI and 31 moderate TBI) patients, hypernatremia was observed in seven cases (13%), and hyponatremia was observed in 23 cases (42.7%). Hyponatremia on the first day had a significant relationship with the bad prognosis of the disease. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the type of imaging findings and GOS, so that people who had ICH imaging findings were associated with a poorer prognosis p <0.05.
On the first day, hyponatremia had a significant prevalence in moderate and severe brain trauma patients, which was associated with a bad prognosis of the disease, and this relationship is not dependent on factors such as age, gender, and cause of trauma.